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1 Poky Hardware README
2 ====================
3
4This file gives details about using Poky with the reference machines
5supported out of the box. A full list of supported reference target machines
6can be found by looking in the following directories:
7
8 meta/conf/machine/
9 meta-yocto-bsp/conf/machine/
10
11If you are in doubt about using Poky/OpenEmbedded with your hardware, consult
12the documentation for your board/device.
13
14Support for additional devices is normally added by creating BSP layers - for
15more information please see the Yocto Board Support Package (BSP) Developer's
16Guide - documentation source is in documentation/bspguide or download the PDF
17from:
18
19 http://yoctoproject.org/documentation
20
21Support for physical reference hardware has now been split out into a
22meta-yocto-bsp layer which can be removed separately from other layers if not
23needed.
24
25
26QEMU Emulation Targets
27======================
28
29To simplify development, the build system supports building images to
30work with the QEMU emulator in system emulation mode. Several architectures
31are currently supported:
32
33 * ARM (qemuarm)
34 * x86 (qemux86)
35 * x86-64 (qemux86-64)
36 * PowerPC (qemuppc)
37 * MIPS (qemumips)
38
39Use of the QEMU images is covered in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
40The appropriate MACHINE variable value corresponding to the target is given
41in brackets.
42
43
44Hardware Reference Boards
45=========================
46
47The following boards are supported by the meta-yocto-bsp layer:
48
49 * Texas Instruments Beaglebone (beaglebone)
50 * Freescale MPC8315E-RDB (mpc8315e-rdb)
51
52For more information see the board's section below. The appropriate MACHINE
53variable value corresponding to the board is given in brackets.
54
55
56Consumer Devices
57================
58
59The following consumer devices are supported by the meta-yocto-bsp layer:
60
61 * Intel x86 based PCs and devices (genericx86)
62 * Ubiquiti Networks EdgeRouter Lite (edgerouter)
63
64For more information see the device's section below. The appropriate MACHINE
65variable value corresponding to the device is given in brackets.
66
67
68
69 Specific Hardware Documentation
70 ===============================
71
72
73Intel x86 based PCs and devices (genericx86)
74==========================================
75
76The genericx86 MACHINE is tested on the following platforms:
77
78Intel Xeon/Core i-Series:
79 + Intel Romley Server: Sandy Bridge Xeon processor, C600 PCH (Patsburg), (Canoe Pass CRB)
80 + Intel Romley Server: Ivy Bridge Xeon processor, C600 PCH (Patsburg), (Intel SDP S2R3)
81 + Intel Crystal Forest Server: Sandy Bridge Xeon processor, DH89xx PCH (Cave Creek), (Stargo CRB)
82 + Intel Chief River Mobile: Ivy Bridge Mobile processor, QM77 PCH (Panther Point-M), (Emerald Lake II CRB, Sabino Canyon CRB)
83 + Intel Huron River Mobile: Sandy Bridge processor, QM67 PCH (Cougar Point), (Emerald Lake CRB, EVOC EC7-1817LNAR board)
84 + Intel Calpella Platform: Core i7 processor, QM57 PCH (Ibex Peak-M), (Red Fort CRB, Emerson MATXM CORE-411-B)
85 + Intel Nehalem/Westmere-EP Server: Xeon 56xx/55xx processors, 5520 chipset, ICH10R IOH (82801), (Hanlan Creek CRB)
86 + Intel Nehalem Workstation: Xeon 56xx/55xx processors, System SC5650SCWS (Greencity CRB)
87 + Intel Picket Post Server: Xeon 56xx/55xx processors (Jasper Forest), 3420 chipset (Ibex Peak), (Osage CRB)
88 + Intel Storage Platform: Sandy Bridge Xeon processor, C600 PCH (Patsburg), (Oak Creek Canyon CRB)
89 + Intel Shark Bay Client Platform: Haswell processor, LynxPoint PCH, (Walnut Canyon CRB, Lava Canyon CRB, Basking Ridge CRB, Flathead Creek CRB)
90 + Intel Shark Bay Ultrabook Platform: Haswell ULT processor, Lynx Point-LP PCH, (WhiteTip Mountain 1 CRB)
91
92Intel Atom platforms:
93 + Intel embedded Menlow: Intel Atom Z510/530 CPU, System Controller Hub US15W (Portwell NANO-8044)
94 + Intel Luna Pier: Intel Atom N4xx/D5xx series CPU (aka: Pineview-D & -M), 82801HM I/O Hub (ICH8M), (Advantech AIMB-212, Moon Creek CRB)
95 + Intel Queens Bay platform: Intel Atom E6xx CPU (aka: Tunnel Creek), Topcliff EG20T I/O Hub (Emerson NITX-315, Crown Bay CRB, Minnow Board)
96 + Intel Fish River Island platform: Intel Atom E6xx CPU (aka: Tunnel Creek), Topcliff EG20T I/O Hub (Kontron KM2M806)
97 + Intel Cedar Trail platform: Intel Atom N2000 & D2000 series CPU (aka: Cedarview), NM10 Express Chipset (Norco kit BIS-6630, Cedar Rock CRB)
98
99and is likely to work on many unlisted Atom/Core/Xeon based devices. The MACHINE
100type supports ethernet, wifi, sound, and Intel/vesa graphics by default in
101addition to common PC input devices, busses, and so on. Note that it does not
102included the binary-only graphic drivers used on some Atom platforms, for
103accelerated graphics on these machines please refer to meta-intel.
104
105Depending on the device, it can boot from a traditional hard-disk, a USB device,
106or over the network. Writing generated images to physical media is
107straightforward with a caveat for USB devices. The following examples assume the
108target boot device is /dev/sdb, be sure to verify this and use the correct
109device as the following commands are run as root and are not reversable.
110
111USB Device:
112 1. Build a live image. This image type consists of a simple filesystem
113 without a partition table, which is suitable for USB keys, and with the
114 default setup for the genericx86 machine, this image type is built
115 automatically for any image you build. For example:
116
117 $ bitbake core-image-minimal
118
119 2. Use the "dd" utility to write the image to the raw block device. For
120 example:
121
122 # dd if=core-image-minimal-genericx86.hddimg of=/dev/sdb
123
124 If the device fails to boot with "Boot error" displayed, or apparently
125 stops just after the SYSLINUX version banner, it is likely the BIOS cannot
126 understand the physical layout of the disk (or rather it expects a
127 particular layout and cannot handle anything else). There are two possible
128 solutions to this problem:
129
130 1. Change the BIOS USB Device setting to HDD mode. The label will vary by
131 device, but the idea is to force BIOS to read the Cylinder/Head/Sector
132 geometry from the device.
133
134 2. Without such an option, the BIOS generally boots the device in USB-ZIP
135 mode. To write an image to a USB device that will be bootable in
136 USB-ZIP mode, carry out the following actions:
137
138 a. Determine the geometry of your USB device using fdisk:
139
140 # fdisk /dev/sdb
141 Command (m for help): p
142
143 Disk /dev/sdb: 4011 MB, 4011491328 bytes
144 124 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1019 cylinders, total 7834944 sectors
145 ...
146
147 Command (m for help): q
148
149 b. Configure the USB device for USB-ZIP mode:
150
151 # mkdiskimage -4 /dev/sdb 1019 124 62
152
153 Where 1019, 124 and 62 are the cylinder, head and sectors/track counts
154 as reported by fdisk (substitute the values reported for your device).
155 When the operation has finished and the access LED (if any) on the
156 device stops flashing, remove and reinsert the device to allow the
157 kernel to detect the new partition layout.
158
159 c. Copy the contents of the image to the USB-ZIP mode device:
160
161 # mkdir /tmp/image
162 # mkdir /tmp/usbkey
163 # mount -o loop core-image-minimal-genericx86.hddimg /tmp/image
164 # mount /dev/sdb4 /tmp/usbkey
165 # cp -rf /tmp/image/* /tmp/usbkey
166
167 d. Install the syslinux boot loader:
168
169 # syslinux /dev/sdb4
170
171 e. Unmount everything:
172
173 # umount /tmp/image
174 # umount /tmp/usbkey
175
176 Install the boot device in the target board and configure the BIOS to boot
177 from it.
178
179 For more details on the USB-ZIP scenario, see the syslinux documentation:
180 http://git.kernel.org/?p=boot/syslinux/syslinux.git;a=blob_plain;f=doc/usbkey.txt;hb=HEAD
181
182
183Texas Instruments Beaglebone (beaglebone)
184=========================================
185
186The Beaglebone is an ARM Cortex-A8 development board with USB, Ethernet, 2D/3D
187accelerated graphics, audio, serial, JTAG, and SD/MMC. The Black adds a faster
188CPU, more RAM, eMMC flash and a micro HDMI port. The beaglebone MACHINE is
189tested on the following platforms:
190
191 o Beaglebone Black A6
192 o Beaglebone A6 (the original "White" model)
193
194The Beaglebone Black has eMMC, while the White does not. Pressing the USER/BOOT
195button when powering on will temporarily change the boot order. But for the sake
196of simplicity, these instructions assume you have erased the eMMC on the Black,
197so its boot behavior matches that of the White and boots off of SD card. To do
198this, issue the following commands from the u-boot prompt:
199
200 # mmc dev 1
201 # mmc erase 0 512
202
203To further tailor these instructions for your board, please refer to the
204documentation at http://www.beagleboard.org/bone and http://www.beagleboard.org/black
205
206From a Linux system with access to the image files perform the following steps
207as root, replacing mmcblk0* with the SD card device on your machine (such as sdc
208if used via a usb card reader):
209
210 1. Partition and format an SD card:
211 # fdisk -lu /dev/mmcblk0
212
213 Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 3951 MB, 3951034368 bytes
214 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 480 cylinders, total 7716864 sectors
215 Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
216
217 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
218 /dev/mmcblk0p1 * 63 144584 72261 c Win95 FAT32 (LBA)
219 /dev/mmcblk0p2 144585 465884 160650 83 Linux
220
221 # mkfs.vfat -F 16 -n "boot" /dev/mmcblk0p1
222 # mke2fs -j -L "root" /dev/mmcblk0p2
223
224 The following assumes the SD card partitions 1 and 2 are mounted at
225 /media/boot and /media/root respectively. Removing the card and reinserting
226 it will do just that on most modern Linux desktop environments.
227
228 The files referenced below are made available after the build in
229 build/tmp/deploy/images.
230
231 2. Install the boot loaders
232 # cp MLO-beaglebone /media/boot/MLO
233 # cp u-boot-beaglebone.img /media/boot/u-boot.img
234
235 3. Install the root filesystem
236 # tar x -C /media/root -f core-image-$IMAGE_TYPE-beaglebone.tar.bz2
237
238 4. If using core-image-base or core-image-sato images, the SD card is ready
239 and rootfs already contains the kernel, modules and device tree (DTB)
240 files necessary to be booted with U-boot's default configuration, so
241 skip directly to step 8.
242 For core-image-minimal, proceed through next steps.
243
244 5. If using core-image-minimal rootfs, install the modules
245 # tar x -C /media/root -f modules-beaglebone.tgz
246
247 6. If using core-image-minimal rootfs, install the kernel uImage into /boot
248 directory of rootfs
249 # cp uImage-beaglebone.bin /media/root/boot/uImage
250
251 7. If using core-image-minimal rootfs, also install device tree (DTB) files
252 into /boot directory of rootfs
253 # cp uImage-am335x-bone.dtb /media/root/boot/am335x-bone.dtb
254 # cp uImage-am335x-boneblack.dtb /media/root/boot/am335x-boneblack.dtb
255
256 8. Unmount the SD partitions, insert the SD card into the Beaglebone, and
257 boot the Beaglebone
258
259
260Freescale MPC8315E-RDB (mpc8315e-rdb)
261=====================================
262
263The MPC8315 PowerPC reference platform (MPC8315E-RDB) is aimed at hardware and
264software development of network attached storage (NAS) and digital media server
265applications. The MPC8315E-RDB features the PowerQUICC II Pro processor, which
266includes a built-in security accelerator.
267
268(Note: you may find it easier to order MPC8315E-RDBA; this appears to be the
269same board in an enclosure with accessories. In any case it is fully
270compatible with the instructions given here.)
271
272Setup instructions
273------------------
274
275You will need the following:
276* NFS root setup on your workstation
277* TFTP server installed on your workstation
278* Straight-thru 9-conductor serial cable (DB9, M/F) connected from your
279 PC to UART1
280* Ethernet connected to the first ethernet port on the board
281
282--- Preparation ---
283
284Note: if you have altered your board's ethernet MAC address(es) from the
285defaults, or you need to do so because you want multiple boards on the same
286network, then you will need to change the values in the dts file (patch
287linux/arch/powerpc/boot/dts/mpc8315erdb.dts within the kernel source). If
288you have left them at the factory default then you shouldn't need to do
289anything here.
290
291--- Booting from NFS root ---
292
293Load the kernel and dtb (device tree blob), and boot the system as follows:
294
295 1. Get the kernel (uImage-mpc8315e-rdb.bin) and dtb (uImage-mpc8315e-rdb.dtb)
296 files from the tmp/deploy directory, and make them available on your TFTP
297 server.
298
299 2. Connect the board's first serial port to your workstation and then start up
300 your favourite serial terminal so that you will be able to interact with
301 the serial console. If you don't have a favourite, picocom is suggested:
302
303 $ picocom /dev/ttyUSB0 -b 115200
304
305 3. Power up or reset the board and press a key on the terminal when prompted
306 to get to the U-Boot command line
307
308 4. Set up the environment in U-Boot:
309
310 => setenv ipaddr <board ip>
311 => setenv serverip <tftp server ip>
312 => setenv bootargs root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=<nfsroot ip>:<rootfs path> ip=<board ip>:<server ip>:<gateway ip>:255.255.255.0:mpc8315e:eth0:off console=ttyS0,115200
313
314 5. Download the kernel and dtb, and boot:
315
316 => tftp 1000000 uImage-mpc8315e-rdb.bin
317 => tftp 2000000 uImage-mpc8315e-rdb.dtb
318 => bootm 1000000 - 2000000
319
320
321Ubiquiti Networks EdgeRouter Lite (edgerouter)
322==============================================
323
324The EdgeRouter Lite is part of the EdgeMax series. It is a MIPS64 router
325(based on the Cavium Octeon processor) with 512MB of RAM, which uses an
326internal USB pendrive for storage.
327
328Setup instructions
329------------------
330
331You will need the following:
332* NFS root setup on your workstation
333* TFTP server installed on your workstation
334* RJ45 -> serial ("rollover") cable connected from your PC to the CONSOLE
335 port on the board
336* Ethernet connected to the first ethernet port on the board
337
338--- Preparation ---
339
340Build an image (e.g. core-image-minimal) using "edgerouter" as the MACHINE.
341In the following instruction it is based on core-image-minimal. Another target
342may be similiar with it.
343
344--- Booting from NFS root ---
345
346Load the kernel, and boot the system as follows:
347
348 1. Get the kernel (vmlinux) file from the tmp/deploy/images/edgerouter
349 directory, and make them available on your TFTP server.
350
351 2. Connect the board's first serial port to your workstation and then start up
352 your favourite serial terminal so that you will be able to interact with
353 the serial console. If you don't have a favourite, picocom is suggested:
354
355 $ picocom /dev/ttyS0 -b 115200
356
357 3. Power up or reset the board and press a key on the terminal when prompted
358 to get to the U-Boot command line
359
360 4. Set up the environment in U-Boot:
361
362 => setenv ipaddr <board ip>
363 => setenv serverip <tftp server ip>
364
365 5. Download the kernel and boot:
366
367 => tftp tftp $loadaddr vmlinux
368 => bootoctlinux $loadaddr coremask=0x3 root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=<nfsroot ip>:<rootfs path> ip=<board ip>:<server ip>:<gateway ip>:<netmask>:edgerouter:eth0:off mtdparts=phys_mapped_flash:512k(boot0),512k(boot1),64k@3072k(eeprom)
369
370--- Booting from USB root ---
371
372To boot from the USB disk, you either need to remove it from the edgerouter
373box and populate it from another computer, or use a previously booted NFS
374image and populate from the edgerouter itself.
375
376Type 1: Mounted USB disk
377------------------------
378
379To boot from the USB disk there are two available partitions on the factory
380USB storage. The rest of this guide assumes that these partitions are left
381intact. If you change the partition scheme, you must update your boot method
382appropriately.
383
384The standard partitions are:
385
386 - 1: vfat partition containing factory kernels
387 - 2: ext3 partition for the root filesystem.
388
389You can place the kernel on either partition 1, or partition 2, but the roofs
390must go on partition 2 (due to its size).
391
392Note: If you place the kernel on the ext3 partition, you must re-create the
393 ext3 filesystem, since the factory u-boot can only handle 128 byte inodes and
394 cannot read the partition otherwise.
395
396Steps:
397
398 1. Remove the USB disk from the edgerouter and insert it into a computer
399 that has access to your build artifacts.
400
401 2. Copy the kernel image to the USB storage (assuming discovered as 'sdb' on
402 the development machine):
403
404 2a) if booting from vfat
405
406 # mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt
407 # cp tmp/deploy/images/edgerouter/vmlinux /mnt
408 # umount /mnt
409
410 2b) if booting from ext3
411
412 # mkfs.ext3 -I 128 /dev/sdb2
413 # mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt
414 # mkdir /mnt/boot
415 # cp tmp/deploy/images/edgerouter/vmlinux /mnt/boot
416 # umount /mnt
417
418 3. Extract the rootfs to the USB storage ext3 partition
419
420 # mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt
421 # tar -xvjpf core-image-minimal-XXX.tar.bz2 -C /mnt
422 # umount /mnt
423
424 4. Reboot the board and press a key on the terminal when prompted to get to the U-Boot
425 command line:
426
427 5. Load the kernel and boot:
428
429 5a) vfat boot
430
431 => fatload usb 0:1 $loadaddr vmlinux
432
433 5b) ext3 boot
434
435 => ext2load usb 0:2 $loadaddr boot/vmlinux
436
437 => bootoctlinux $loadaddr coremask=0x3 root=/dev/sda2 rw rootwait mtdparts=phys_mapped_flash:512k(boot0),512k(boot1),64k@3072k(eeprom)
438
439
440Type 2: NFS
441-----------
442
443Note: If you place the kernel on the ext3 partition, you must re-create the
444 ext3 filesystem, since the factory u-boot can only handle 128 byte inodes and
445 cannot read the partition otherwise.
446
447 These boot instructions assume that you have recreated the ext3 filesystem with
448 128 byte inodes, you have an updated uboot or you are running and image capable
449 of making the filesystem on the board itself.
450
451
452 1. Boot from NFS root
453
454 2. Mount the USB disk partition 2 and then extract the contents of
455 tmp/deploy/core-image-XXXX.tar.bz2 into it.
456
457 Before starting, copy core-image-minimal-xxx.tar.bz2 and vmlinux into
458 rootfs path on your workstation.
459
460 and then,
461
462 # mount /dev/sda2 /media/sda2
463 # tar -xvjpf core-image-minimal-XXX.tar.bz2 -C /media/sda2
464 # cp vmlinux /media/sda2/boot/vmlinux
465 # umount /media/sda2
466 # reboot
467
468 3. Reboot the board and press a key on the terminal when prompted to get to the U-Boot
469 command line:
470
471 # reboot
472
473 4. Load the kernel and boot:
474
475 => ext2load usb 0:2 $loadaddr boot/vmlinux
476 => bootoctlinux $loadaddr coremask=0x3 root=/dev/sda2 rw rootwait mtdparts=phys_mapped_flash:512k(boot0),512k(boot1),64k@3072k(eeprom)