Upstream-Status: Backport

--- time-1.7.orig/configure.in
+++ time-1.7/configure.in
@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
 AC_INIT(time.c)
-VERSION=1.7
-AC_SUBST(VERSION)
-PACKAGE=time
-AC_SUBST(PACKAGE)
+AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(time, 1.7)
 
-AC_ARG_PROGRAM
+AM_MAINTAINER_MODE
 
 dnl Checks for programs.
 AC_PROG_CC
@@ -15,7 +12,7 @@
 dnl Checks for header files.
 AC_HEADER_STDC
 AC_HEADER_SYS_WAIT
-AC_CHECK_HEADERS(unistd.h string.h sys/rusage.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(unistd.h string.h sys/rusage.h sys/resource.h)
 
 dnl Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
 AC_C_CONST
--- time-1.7.orig/version.texi
+++ time-1.7/version.texi
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-@set UPDATED 12 June 1996
+@set UPDATED 9 May 2002
 @set EDITION 1.7
 @set VERSION 1.7
--- time-1.7.orig/time.c
+++ time-1.7/time.c
@@ -147,6 +147,10 @@
   NULL
 };
 
+
+/* If true, do not show the exit message */
+static boolean quiet;
+
 /* If true, show an English description next to each statistic.  */
 static boolean verbose;
 
@@ -172,6 +176,7 @@
   {"help", no_argument, NULL, 'h'},
   {"output-file", required_argument, NULL, 'o'},
   {"portability", no_argument, NULL, 'p'},
+  {"quiet", no_argument,NULL, 'q'},
   {"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
   {"version", no_argument, NULL, 'V'},
   {NULL, no_argument, NULL, 0}
@@ -333,7 +338,8 @@
   else if (WIFSIGNALED (resp->waitstatus))
     fprintf (fp, "Command terminated by signal %d\n",
 	     WTERMSIG (resp->waitstatus));
-  else if (WIFEXITED (resp->waitstatus) && WEXITSTATUS (resp->waitstatus))
+  else if (WIFEXITED (resp->waitstatus) && WEXITSTATUS (resp->waitstatus)
+	   && !quiet)
     fprintf (fp, "Command exited with non-zero status %d\n",
 	     WEXITSTATUS (resp->waitstatus));
 
@@ -523,6 +529,7 @@
   char *format;			/* Format found in environment.  */
 
   /* Initialize the option flags.  */
+  quiet = false;
   verbose = false;
   outfile = NULL;
   outfp = stderr;
@@ -536,7 +543,7 @@
   if (format)
     output_format = format;
 
-  while ((optc = getopt_long (argc, argv, "+af:o:pvV", longopts, (int *) 0))
+  while ((optc = getopt_long (argc, argv, "+af:o:pqvV", longopts, (int *) 0))
 	 != EOF)
     {
       switch (optc)
@@ -555,6 +562,9 @@
 	case 'p':
 	  output_format = posix_format;
 	  break;
+	case 'q':
+	  quiet = true;
+	  break;
 	case 'v':
 	  verbose = true;
 	  break;
@@ -642,9 +652,9 @@
   fflush (outfp);
 
   if (WIFSTOPPED (res.waitstatus))
-    exit (WSTOPSIG (res.waitstatus));
+    exit (WSTOPSIG (res.waitstatus) + 128);
   else if (WIFSIGNALED (res.waitstatus))
-    exit (WTERMSIG (res.waitstatus));
+    exit (WTERMSIG (res.waitstatus) + 128);
   else if (WIFEXITED (res.waitstatus))
     exit (WEXITSTATUS (res.waitstatus));
 }
@@ -657,7 +667,7 @@
   fprintf (stream, "\
 Usage: %s [-apvV] [-f format] [-o file] [--append] [--verbose]\n\
        [--portability] [--format=format] [--output=file] [--version]\n\
-       [--help] command [arg...]\n",
+       [--quiet] [--help] command [arg...]\n",
 	   program_name);
   exit (status);
 }
--- time-1.7.orig/resuse.h
+++ time-1.7/resuse.h
@@ -36,19 +36,8 @@
 # include <sys/rusage.h>
 #else
 # define TV_MSEC tv_usec / 1000
-# if HAVE_WAIT3
+# if HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H
 #  include <sys/resource.h>
-# else
-/* Process resource usage structure.  */
-struct rusage
-{
-  struct timeval ru_utime;	/* User time used.  */
-  struct timeval ru_stime;	/* System time used.  */
-  int ru_maxrss, ru_ixrss, ru_idrss, ru_isrss,
-  ru_minflt, ru_majflt, ru_nswap, ru_inblock, 
-  ru_oublock, ru_msgsnd, ru_msgrcv, ru_nsignals,
-  ru_nvcsw, ru_nivcsw;
-};
 # endif
 #endif
 
--- time-1.7.orig/time.texi
+++ time-1.7/time.texi
@@ -11,6 +11,12 @@
 @finalout
 @end iftex
 
+@dircategory Individual utilities
+@direntry
+* time: (time).                     Run programs and summarize
+                                    system resource usage.
+@end direntry
+
 @ifinfo
 This file documents the the GNU @code{time} command for running programs
 and summarizing the system resources they use.
@@ -185,6 +191,10 @@
 sys %S
 @end example
 
+@item -q
+@itemx --quiet
+Suppress non-zero error code from the executed program.
+
 @item -v
 @itemx --verbose
 @cindex format
--- time-1.7.orig/time.info
+++ time-1.7/time.info
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
-This is Info file ./time.info, produced by Makeinfo-1.55 from the input
-file time.texi.
+This is time.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.1 from time.texi.
+
+INFO-DIR-SECTION Individual utilities
+START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+* time: (time).                     Run programs and summarize
+                                    system resource usage.
+END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
 
    This file documents the the GNU `time' command for running programs
 and summarizing the system resources they use.
@@ -31,7 +36,7 @@
 
 * Resource Measurement::  Measuring program resource use.
 
- -- The Detailed Node Listing --
+ --- The Detailed Node Listing ---
 
 Measuring Program Resource Use
 
@@ -58,14 +63,14 @@
    The `time' command runs another program, then displays information
 about the resources used by that program, collected by the system while
 the program was running.  You can select which information is reported
-and the format in which it is shown (*note Setting Format::.), or have
+and the format in which it is shown (*note Setting Format::), or have
 `time' save the information in a file instead of displaying it on the
-screen (*note Redirecting::.).
+screen (*note Redirecting::).
 
    The resources that `time' can report on fall into the general
 categories of time, memory, and I/O and IPC calls.  Some systems do not
 provide much information about program resource use; `time' reports
-unavailable information as zero values (*note Accuracy::.).
+unavailable information as zero values (*note Accuracy::).
 
    The format of the `time' command is:
 
@@ -132,6 +137,10 @@
           user %U
           sys %S
 
+`-q'
+`--quiet'
+     Suppress non-zero error code from the executed program.
+
 `-v'
 `--verbose'
      Use the built-in verbose format, which displays each available
@@ -174,7 +183,7 @@
    The resource specifiers, which are a superset of those recognized by
 the `tcsh' builtin `time' command, are listed below.  Not all resources
 are measured by all versions of Unix, so some of the values might be
-reported as zero (*note Accuracy::.).
+reported as zero (*note Accuracy::).
 
 * Menu:
 
@@ -308,11 +317,11 @@
 `-o FILE'
 `--output=FILE'
      Write the resource use statistics to FILE.  By default, this
-     *overwrites* the file, destroying the file's previous contents.
+     _overwrites_ the file, destroying the file's previous contents.
 
 `-a'
 `--append'
-     *Append* the resource use information to the output file instead
+     _Append_ the resource use information to the output file instead
      of overwriting it.  This option is only useful with the `-o' or
      `--output' option.
 
@@ -437,7 +446,7 @@
 
 `-a'
 `--append'
-     *Append* the resource use information to the output file instead
+     _Append_ the resource use information to the output file instead
      of overwriting it.
 
 `-f FORMAT'
@@ -462,17 +471,17 @@
 
 
 Tag Table:
-Node: Top934
-Node: Resource Measurement1725
-Node: Setting Format3678
-Node: Format String4907
-Node: Time Resources6214
-Node: Memory Resources6844
-Node: I/O Resources7549
-Node: Command Info8747
-Node: Redirecting8964
-Node: Examples9754
-Node: Accuracy12064
-Node: Invoking time13586
+Node: Top1115
+Node: Resource Measurement1908
+Node: Setting Format3858
+Node: Format String5164
+Node: Time Resources6470
+Node: Memory Resources7100
+Node: I/O Resources7805
+Node: Command Info9003
+Node: Redirecting9220
+Node: Examples10010
+Node: Accuracy12320
+Node: Invoking time13842
 
 End Tag Table
--- time-1.7.orig/time.html
+++ time-1.7/time.html
@@ -0,0 +1,1021 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
+                      "http://www.w3.org/TR/html40/loose.dtd">
+<HTML>
+<!-- Created on September, 1 2003 by texi2html 1.66 -->
+<!--
+Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author)
+            Karl Berry  <karl@freefriends.org>
+            Olaf Bachmann <obachman@mathematik.uni-kl.de>
+            and many others.
+Maintained by: Many creative people <dev@texi2html.cvshome.org>
+Send bugs and suggestions to <users@texi2html.cvshome.org>
+
+-->
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>Measuring Program Resource Use</TITLE>
+
+<META NAME="description" CONTENT="Measuring Program Resource Use">
+<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="Measuring Program Resource Use">
+<META NAME="resource-type" CONTENT="document">
+<META NAME="distribution" CONTENT="global">
+<META NAME="Generator" CONTENT="texi2html 1.66">
+
+</HEAD>
+
+<BODY LANG="en" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#800080" ALINK="#FF0000">
+
+<A NAME="SEC_Top"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H1>Measuring Program Resource Use</H1>
+
+<P>
+
+This file documents the the GNU <CODE>time</CODE> command for running programs
+and summarizing the system resources they use.
+This is edition 1.7, for version 1.7.
+</P>
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLSPACING="0">
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="time.html#SEC1">1. Measuring Program Resource Use</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Measuring program resource use.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TH COLSPAN="3" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">
+</TH></TR>
+<TR><TH COLSPAN="3" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"> -- The Detailed Node Listing ---
+</TH></TR>
+<TR><TH COLSPAN="3" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">
+</TH></TR>
+<TR><TH COLSPAN="3" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Measuring Program Resource Use
+</TH></TR>
+<TR><TH COLSPAN="3" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">
+</TH></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="time.html#SEC2">1.1 Setting the Output Format</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Selecting the information reported by <CODE>time</CODE>.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="time.html#SEC3">1.2 The Format String</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The information <CODE>time</CODE> can report.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="time.html#SEC8">1.3 Redirecting Output</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Writing the information to a file.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="time.html#SEC9">1.4 Examples</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Examples of using <CODE>time</CODE>.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="time.html#SEC10">1.5 Accuracy</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Limitations on the accuracy of <CODE>time</CODE> output.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="time.html#SEC11">1.6 Running the <CODE>time</CODE> Command</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Summary of the options to the <CODE>time</CODE> command.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TH COLSPAN="3" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">
+</TH></TR>
+<TR><TH COLSPAN="3" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The Format String
+</TH></TR>
+<TR><TH COLSPAN="3" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">
+</TH></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="time.html#SEC4">1.2.1 Time Resources</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="time.html#SEC5">1.2.2 Memory Resources</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="time.html#SEC6">1.2.3 I/O Resources</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="time.html#SEC7">1.2.4 Command Info</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"></TD></TR>
+</TABLE>
+<P>
+
+<HR SIZE=1>
+<A NAME="SEC1"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top"> &lt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC2"> &gt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ &lt;&lt; ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ &gt;&gt; ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<A NAME="Resource Measurement"></A>
+<H1> 1. Measuring Program Resource Use </H1>
+<!--docid::SEC1::-->
+<P>
+
+The <CODE>time</CODE> command runs another program, then displays information
+about the resources used by that program, collected by the system while
+the program was running.  You can select which information is reported
+and the format in which it is shown (see section <A HREF="time.html#SEC2">1.1 Setting the Output Format</A>), or have
+<CODE>time</CODE> save the information in a file instead of displaying it on the
+screen (see section <A HREF="time.html#SEC8">1.3 Redirecting Output</A>).
+</P>
+<P>
+
+The resources that <CODE>time</CODE> can report on fall into the general
+categories of time, memory, and I/O and IPC calls.  Some systems do not
+provide much information about program resource use; <CODE>time</CODE>
+reports unavailable information as zero values (see section <A HREF="time.html#SEC10">1.5 Accuracy</A>).
+</P>
+<P>
+
+The format of the <CODE>time</CODE> command is:
+</P>
+<P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>time [option<small>...</small>] <VAR>command</VAR> [<VAR>arg</VAR><small>...</small>]
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX1"></A>
+<CODE>time</CODE> runs the program <VAR>command</VAR>, with any given arguments
+<VAR>arg</VAR><small>...</small>.  When <VAR>command</VAR> finishes, <CODE>time</CODE> displays
+information about resources used by <VAR>command</VAR>.
+</P>
+<P>
+
+Here is an example of using <CODE>time</CODE> to measure the time and other
+resources used by running the program <CODE>grep</CODE>:
+</P>
+<P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>eg$ time grep nobody /etc/aliases
+nobody:/dev/null
+etc-files:nobody
+misc-group:nobody
+0.07user 0.50system 0:06.69elapsed 8%CPU (0avgtext+489avgdata 324maxresident)k
+46inputs+7outputs (43major+251minor)pagefaults 0swaps
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Mail suggestions and bug reports for GNU <CODE>time</CODE> to
+<CODE>bug-gnu-utils@prep.ai.mit.edu</CODE>.  Please include the version of
+<CODE>time</CODE>, which you can get by running `<SAMP>time --version</SAMP>', and the
+operating system and C compiler you used.
+</P>
+<P>
+
+<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLSPACING="0">
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="time.html#SEC2">1.1 Setting the Output Format</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Selecting the information reported by <CODE>time</CODE>.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="time.html#SEC3">1.2 The Format String</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The information <CODE>time</CODE> can report.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="time.html#SEC8">1.3 Redirecting Output</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Writing the information to a file.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="time.html#SEC9">1.4 Examples</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Examples of using <CODE>time</CODE>.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="time.html#SEC10">1.5 Accuracy</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Limitations on the accuracy of <CODE>time</CODE> output.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="time.html#SEC11">1.6 Running the <CODE>time</CODE> Command</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Summary of the options to the <CODE>time</CODE> command.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Setting Format"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC2"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC1"> &lt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC3"> &gt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC1"> &lt;&lt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ &gt;&gt; ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 1.1 Setting the Output Format </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC2::-->
+<P>
+
+<CODE>time</CODE> uses a <EM>format string</EM> to determine which information to
+display about the resources used by the command it runs.  See section <A HREF="time.html#SEC3">1.2 The Format String</A>, for the interpretation of the format string contents.
+</P>
+<P>
+
+You can specify a format string with the command line options listed
+below.  If no format is specified on the command line, but the
+<CODE>TIME</CODE> environment variable is set, its value is used as the format
+string.  Otherwise, the default format built into <CODE>time</CODE> is used:
+</P>
+<P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>%Uuser %Ssystem %Eelapsed %PCPU (%Xtext+%Ddata %Mmax)k
+%Iinputs+%Ooutputs (%Fmajor+%Rminor)pagefaults %Wswaps
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+The command line options to set the format are:
+</P>
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>-f <VAR>format</VAR></CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE>--format=<VAR>format</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Use <VAR>format</VAR> as the format string.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>-p</CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE>--portability</CODE>
+<DD>Use the following format string, for conformance with POSIX standard
+1003.2:
+<P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>real %e
+user %U
+sys %S
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>-q</CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE>--quiet</CODE>
+<DD>Suppress non-zero error code from the executed program.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>-v</CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE>--verbose</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX2"></A>
+Use the built-in verbose format, which displays each available piece of
+information on the program's resource use on its own line, with an
+English description of its meaning.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Format String"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC3"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC2"> &lt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC4"> &gt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC1"> &lt;&lt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ &gt;&gt; ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 1.2 The Format String </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC3::-->
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX3"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX4"></A>
+The <EM>format string</EM> controls the contents of the <CODE>time</CODE> output.
+It consists of <EM>resource specifiers</EM> and <EM>escapes</EM>, interspersed
+with plain text.
+</P>
+<P>
+
+A backslash introduces an <EM>escape</EM>, which is translated
+into a single printing character upon output.  The valid escapes are
+listed below.  An invalid escape is output as a question mark followed
+by a backslash.
+</P>
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>\t</CODE>
+<DD>a tab character
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>\n</CODE>
+<DD>a newline
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>\\</CODE>
+<DD>a literal backslash
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<CODE>time</CODE> always prints a newline after printing the resource use
+information, so normally format strings do not end with a newline
+character (or `<SAMP>\n</SAMP>').
+</P>
+<P>
+
+A resource specifier consists of a percent sign followed by another
+character.  An invalid resource specifier is output as a question mark
+followed by the invalid character.  Use `<SAMP>%%</SAMP>' to output a literal
+percent sign.
+</P>
+<P>
+
+The resource specifiers, which are a superset of those recognized by the
+<CODE>tcsh</CODE> builtin <CODE>time</CODE> command, are listed below.  Not all
+resources are measured by all versions of Unix, so some of the values
+might be reported as zero (see section <A HREF="time.html#SEC10">1.5 Accuracy</A>).
+</P>
+<P>
+
+<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLSPACING="0">
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="time.html#SEC4">1.2.1 Time Resources</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="time.html#SEC5">1.2.2 Memory Resources</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="time.html#SEC6">1.2.3 I/O Resources</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="time.html#SEC7">1.2.4 Command Info</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"></TD></TR>
+</TABLE>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Time Resources"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC4"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC3"> &lt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC5"> &gt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC1"> &lt;&lt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ &gt;&gt; ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 1.2.1 Time Resources </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC4::-->
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>E</CODE>
+<DD>Elapsed real (wall clock) time used by the process, in
+[hours:]minutes:seconds.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>e</CODE>
+<DD>Elapsed real (wall clock) time used by the process, in
+seconds.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>S</CODE>
+<DD>Total number of CPU-seconds used by the system on behalf of the process
+(in kernel mode), in seconds.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>U</CODE>
+<DD>Total number of CPU-seconds that the process used directly (in user
+mode), in seconds.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>P</CODE>
+<DD>Percentage of the CPU that this job got.  This is just user + system
+times divied by the total running time.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Memory Resources"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC5"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC4"> &lt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC6"> &gt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC1"> &lt;&lt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ &gt;&gt; ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 1.2.2 Memory Resources </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC5::-->
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>M</CODE>
+<DD>Maximum resident set size of the process during its lifetime, in
+Kilobytes.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>t</CODE>
+<DD>Average resident set size of the process, in Kilobytes.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>K</CODE>
+<DD>Average total (data+stack+text) memory use of the process, in Kilobytes.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>D</CODE>
+<DD>Average size of the process's unshared data area, in Kilobytes.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>p</CODE>
+<DD>Average size of the process's unshared stack, in Kilobytes.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>X</CODE>
+<DD>Average size of the process's shared text, in Kilobytes.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>Z</CODE>
+<DD>System's page size, in bytes.  This is a per-system constant, but
+varies between systems.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="I/O Resources"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC6"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC5"> &lt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC7"> &gt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC1"> &lt;&lt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ &gt;&gt; ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 1.2.3 I/O Resources </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC6::-->
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>F</CODE>
+<DD>Number of major, or I/O-requiring, page faults that occurred while the
+process was running.  These are faults where the page has actually
+migrated out of primary memory.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>R</CODE>
+<DD>Number of minor, or recoverable, page faults.  These are pages that are
+not valid (so they fault) but which have not yet been claimed by other
+virtual pages.  Thus the data in the page is still valid but the system
+tables must be updated.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>W</CODE>
+<DD>Number of times the process was swapped out of main memory.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>c</CODE>
+<DD>Number of times the process was context-switched involuntarily (because
+the time slice expired).
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>w</CODE>
+<DD>Number of times that the program was context-switched voluntarily, for
+instance while waiting for an I/O operation to complete.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>I</CODE>
+<DD>Number of file system inputs by the process.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>O</CODE>
+<DD>Number of file system outputs by the process.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>r</CODE>
+<DD>Number of socket messages received by the process.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>s</CODE>
+<DD>Number of socket messages sent by the process.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>k</CODE>
+<DD>Number of signals delivered to the process.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Command Info"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC7"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC6"> &lt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC8"> &gt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC1"> &lt;&lt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ &gt;&gt; ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 1.2.4 Command Info </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC7::-->
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>C</CODE>
+<DD>Name and command line arguments of the command being timed.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>x</CODE>
+<DD>Exit status of the command.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Redirecting"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC8"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC7"> &lt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC9"> &gt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC1"> &lt;&lt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ &gt;&gt; ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 1.3 Redirecting Output </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC8::-->
+<P>
+
+By default, <CODE>time</CODE> writes the resource use statistics to the
+standard error stream.  The options below make it write the statistics
+to a file instead.  Doing this can be useful if the program you're
+running writes to the standard error or you're running <CODE>time</CODE>
+noninteractively or in the background.
+</P>
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>-o <VAR>file</VAR></CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE>--output=<VAR>file</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Write the resource use statistics to <VAR>file</VAR>.  By default, this
+<EM>overwrites</EM> the file, destroying the file's previous contents.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>-a</CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE>--append</CODE>
+<DD><EM>Append</EM> the resource use information to the output file instead
+of overwriting it.  This option is only useful with the `<SAMP>-o</SAMP>' or
+`<SAMP>--output</SAMP>' option.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Examples"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC9"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC8"> &lt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC10"> &gt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC1"> &lt;&lt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ &gt;&gt; ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 1.4 Examples </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC9::-->
+<P>
+
+Run the command `<SAMP>wc /etc/hosts</SAMP>' and show the default information:
+</P>
+<P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>eg$ time wc /etc/hosts
+      35     111    1134 /etc/hosts
+0.00user 0.01system 0:00.04elapsed 25%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
+1inputs+1outputs (0major+0minor)pagefaults 0swaps
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Run the command `<SAMP>ls -Fs</SAMP>' and show just the user, system, and
+wall-clock time:
+</P>
+<P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>eg$ time -f &quot;\t%E real,\t%U user,\t%S sys&quot; ls -Fs
+total 16
+1 account/      1 db/           1 mail/         1 run/
+1 backups/      1 emacs/        1 msgs/         1 rwho/
+1 crash/        1 games/        1 preserve/     1 spool/
+1 cron/         1 log/          1 quotas/       1 tmp/
+        0:00.03 real,   0.00 user,      0.01 sys
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Edit the file `<TT>.bashrc</TT>' and have <CODE>time</CODE> append the elapsed time
+and number of signals to the file `<TT>log</TT>', reading the format string
+from the environment variable <CODE>TIME</CODE>:
+</P>
+<P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>eg$ export TIME=&quot;\t%E,\t%k&quot; # If using bash or ksh
+eg$ setenv TIME &quot;\t%E,\t%k&quot; # If using csh or tcsh
+eg$ time -a -o log emacs .bashrc
+eg$ cat log
+        0:16.55,        726
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Run the command `<SAMP>sleep 4</SAMP>' and show all of the information about it
+verbosely:
+</P>
+<P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>eg$ time -v sleep 4
+        Command being timed: &quot;sleep 4&quot;
+        User time (seconds): 0.00
+        System time (seconds): 0.05
+        Percent of CPU this job got: 1%
+        Elapsed (wall clock) time (h:mm:ss or m:ss): 0:04.26
+        Average shared text size (kbytes): 36
+        Average unshared data size (kbytes): 24
+        Average stack size (kbytes): 0
+        Average total size (kbytes): 60
+        Maximum resident set size (kbytes): 32
+        Average resident set size (kbytes): 24
+        Major (requiring I/O) page faults: 3
+        Minor (reclaiming a frame) page faults: 0
+        Voluntary context switches: 11
+        Involuntary context switches: 0
+        Swaps: 0
+        File system inputs: 3
+        File system outputs: 1
+        Socket messages sent: 0
+        Socket messages received: 0
+        Signals delivered: 1
+        Page size (bytes): 4096
+        Exit status: 0
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+<A NAME="Accuracy"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC10"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC9"> &lt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC11"> &gt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC1"> &lt;&lt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ &gt;&gt; ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 1.5 Accuracy </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC10::-->
+<P>
+
+The elapsed time is not collected atomically with the execution of the
+program; as a result, in bizarre circumstances (if the <CODE>time</CODE>
+command gets stopped or swapped out in between when the program being
+timed exits and when <CODE>time</CODE> calculates how long it took to run), it
+could be much larger than the actual execution time.
+</P>
+<P>
+
+When the running time of a command is very nearly zero, some values
+(e.g., the percentage of CPU used) may be reported as either zero (which
+is wrong) or a question mark.
+</P>
+<P>
+
+Most information shown by <CODE>time</CODE> is derived from the <CODE>wait3</CODE>
+system call.  The numbers are only as good as those returned by
+<CODE>wait3</CODE>.  Many systems do not measure all of the resources that
+<CODE>time</CODE> can report on; those resources are reported as zero.  The
+systems that measure most or all of the resources are based on 4.2 or
+4.3BSD.  Later BSD releases use different memory management code that
+measures fewer resources.
+</P>
+<P>
+
+On systems that do not have a <CODE>wait3</CODE> call that returns status
+information, the <CODE>times</CODE> system call is used instead.  It provides
+much less information than <CODE>wait3</CODE>, so on those systems <CODE>time</CODE>
+reports most of the resources as zero.
+</P>
+<P>
+
+The `<SAMP>%I</SAMP>' and `<SAMP>%O</SAMP>' values are allegedly only &quot;real&quot; input
+and output and do not include those supplied by caching devices.  The
+meaning of &quot;real&quot; I/O reported by `<SAMP>%I</SAMP>' and `<SAMP>%O</SAMP>' may be
+muddled for workstations, especially diskless ones.
+</P>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Invoking time"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC11"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC10"> &lt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ &gt; ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC1"> &lt;&lt; </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ &gt;&gt; ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> &nbsp; <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 1.6 Running the <CODE>time</CODE> Command </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC11::-->
+<P>
+
+The format of the <CODE>time</CODE> command is:
+</P>
+<P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>time [option<small>...</small>] <VAR>command</VAR> [<VAR>arg</VAR><small>...</small>]
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX5"></A>
+<CODE>time</CODE> runs the program <VAR>command</VAR>, with any given arguments
+<VAR>arg</VAR><small>...</small>.  When <VAR>command</VAR> finishes, <CODE>time</CODE> displays
+information about resources used by <VAR>command</VAR> (on the standard error
+output, by default).  If <VAR>command</VAR> exits with non-zero status or is
+terminated by a signal, <CODE>time</CODE> displays a warning message and the
+exit status or signal number.
+</P>
+<P>
+
+Options to <CODE>time</CODE> must appear on the command line before
+<VAR>command</VAR>.  Anything on the command line after <VAR>command</VAR> is
+passed as arguments to <VAR>command</VAR>.
+</P>
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>-o <VAR>file</VAR></CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE>--output=<VAR>file</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Write the resource use statistics to <VAR>file</VAR>.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>-a</CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE>--append</CODE>
+<DD><EM>Append</EM> the resource use information to the output file instead
+of overwriting it.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>-f <VAR>format</VAR></CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE>--format=<VAR>format</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Use <VAR>format</VAR> as the format string.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>--help</CODE>
+<DD>Print a summary of the command line options to <CODE>time</CODE> and exit.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>-p</CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE>--portability</CODE>
+<DD>Use the POSIX format.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>-v</CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE>--verbose</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX6"></A>
+Use the built-in verbose format.
+<P>
+
+</P>
+<DT><CODE>-V</CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE>--version</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX7"></A>
+Print the version number of <CODE>time</CODE> and exit.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC_Contents"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H1>Table of Contents</H1>
+<BLOCKQUOTE>
+<A NAME="TOC1" HREF="time.html#SEC1">1. Measuring Program Resource Use</A>
+<BR>
+<BLOCKQUOTE>
+<A NAME="TOC2" HREF="time.html#SEC2">1.1 Setting the Output Format</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC3" HREF="time.html#SEC3">1.2 The Format String</A>
+<BR>
+<BLOCKQUOTE>
+<A NAME="TOC4" HREF="time.html#SEC4">1.2.1 Time Resources</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC5" HREF="time.html#SEC5">1.2.2 Memory Resources</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC6" HREF="time.html#SEC6">1.2.3 I/O Resources</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC7" HREF="time.html#SEC7">1.2.4 Command Info</A>
+<BR>
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+<A NAME="TOC8" HREF="time.html#SEC8">1.3 Redirecting Output</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC9" HREF="time.html#SEC9">1.4 Examples</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC10" HREF="time.html#SEC10">1.5 Accuracy</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC11" HREF="time.html#SEC11">1.6 Running the <CODE>time</CODE> Command</A>
+<BR>
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+<HR SIZE=1>
+<A NAME="SEC_OVERVIEW"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H1>Short Table of Contents</H1>
+<BLOCKQUOTE>
+<A NAME="TOC1" HREF="time.html#SEC1">1. Measuring Program Resource Use</A>
+<BR>
+
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+<HR SIZE=1>
+<A NAME="SEC_About"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="time.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H1>About this document</H1>
+This document was generated
+by 
+using <A HREF="http://texi2html.cvshome.org"><I>texi2html</I></A>
+<P></P>
+The buttons in the navigation panels have the following meaning:
+<P></P>
+<table border = "1">
+<TR>
+<TH> Button </TH>
+<TH> Name </TH>
+<TH> Go to </TH>
+<TH> From 1.2.3 go to</TH>
+</TR>
+<TR>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+ [ &lt; ] </TD>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+Back
+</TD>
+<TD>
+previous section in reading order
+</TD>
+<TD>
+1.2.2
+</TD>
+</TR>
+<TR>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+ [ &gt; ] </TD>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+Forward
+</TD>
+<TD>
+next section in reading order
+</TD>
+<TD>
+1.2.4
+</TD>
+</TR>
+<TR>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+ [ &lt;&lt; ] </TD>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+FastBack
+</TD>
+<TD>
+beginning of this chapter or previous chapter
+</TD>
+<TD>
+1
+</TD>
+</TR>
+<TR>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+ [ Up ] </TD>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+Up
+</TD>
+<TD>
+up section
+</TD>
+<TD>
+1.2
+</TD>
+</TR>
+<TR>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+ [ &gt;&gt; ] </TD>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+FastForward
+</TD>
+<TD>
+next chapter
+</TD>
+<TD>
+2
+</TD>
+</TR>
+<TR>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+ [Top] </TD>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+Top
+</TD>
+<TD>
+cover (top) of document
+</TD>
+<TD>
+ &nbsp; 
+</TD>
+</TR>
+<TR>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+ [Contents] </TD>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+Contents
+</TD>
+<TD>
+table of contents
+</TD>
+<TD>
+ &nbsp; 
+</TD>
+</TR>
+<TR>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+ [Index] </TD>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+Index
+</TD>
+<TD>
+concept index
+</TD>
+<TD>
+ &nbsp; 
+</TD>
+</TR>
+<TR>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+ [ ? ] </TD>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+About
+</TD>
+<TD>
+this page
+</TD>
+<TD>
+ &nbsp; 
+</TD>
+</TR>
+</TABLE>
+    <P>
+      where the <STRONG> Example </STRONG> assumes that the current position
+      is at <STRONG> Subsubsection One-Two-Three </STRONG> of a document of
+      the following structure:</P>
+    <UL>
+      <LI> 1. Section One
+        <UL>
+          <LI>1.1 Subsection One-One
+            <UL>
+              <LI>...</LI>
+            </UL>
+          <LI>1.2 Subsection One-Two
+            <UL>
+              <LI>1.2.1 Subsubsection One-Two-One</LI>
+              <LI>1.2.2 Subsubsection One-Two-Two</LI>
+              <LI>1.2.3 Subsubsection One-Two-Three &nbsp; &nbsp;
+                <STRONG>&lt;== Current Position </STRONG></LI>
+              <LI>1.2.4 Subsubsection One-Two-Four</LI>
+            </UL>
+          </LI>
+          <LI>1.3 Subsection One-Three
+            <UL>
+              <LI>...</LI>
+            </UL>
+          </LI>
+          <LI>1.4 Subsection One-Four</LI>
+        </UL>
+      </LI>
+    </UL>
+
+<HR SIZE=1>
+<BR>
+<FONT SIZE="-1">
+This document was generated
+by <I>root</I> on <I>September, 1 2003</I>
+using <A HREF="http://texi2html.cvshome.org"><I>texi2html</I></A>
+</FONT>
+
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
