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+************
+Introduction
+************
+
+.. _sdk-manual-intro:
+
+Introduction
+============
+
+Welcome to the Yocto Project Application Development and the Extensible
+Software Development Kit (eSDK) manual. This manual provides information
+that explains how to use both the Yocto Project extensible and standard
+SDKs to develop applications and images.
+
+.. note::
+
+   Prior to the 2.0 Release of the Yocto Project, application
+   development was primarily accomplished through the use of the
+   Application Development Toolkit (ADT) and the availability of
+   stand-alone cross-development toolchains and other tools. With the
+   2.1 Release of the Yocto Project, application development has
+   transitioned to within a tool-rich extensible SDK and the more
+   traditional standard SDK.
+
+All SDKs consist of the following:
+
+-  *Cross-Development Toolchain*: This toolchain contains a compiler,
+   debugger, and various miscellaneous tools.
+
+-  *Libraries, Headers, and Symbols*: The libraries, headers, and
+   symbols are specific to the image (i.e. they match the image).
+
+-  *Environment Setup Script*: This ``*.sh`` file, once run, sets up the
+   cross-development environment by defining variables and preparing for
+   SDK use.
+
+Additionally, an extensible SDK has tools that allow you to easily add
+new applications and libraries to an image, modify the source of an
+existing component, test changes on the target hardware, and easily
+integrate an application into the `OpenEmbedded build
+system <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#build-system-term>`__.
+
+You can use an SDK to independently develop and test code that is
+destined to run on some target machine. SDKs are completely
+self-contained. The binaries are linked against their own copy of
+``libc``, which results in no dependencies on the target system. To
+achieve this, the pointer to the dynamic loader is configured at install
+time since that path cannot be dynamically altered. This is the reason
+for a wrapper around the ``populate_sdk`` and ``populate_sdk_ext``
+archives.
+
+Another feature for the SDKs is that only one set of cross-compiler
+toolchain binaries are produced for any given architecture. This feature
+takes advantage of the fact that the target hardware can be passed to
+``gcc`` as a set of compiler options. Those options are set up by the
+environment script and contained in variables such as
+```CC`` <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CC>`__ and
+```LD`` <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-LD>`__. This reduces the space needed
+for the tools. Understand, however, that every target still needs a
+sysroot because those binaries are target-specific.
+
+The SDK development environment consists of the following:
+
+-  The self-contained SDK, which is an architecture-specific
+   cross-toolchain and matching sysroots (target and native) all built
+   by the OpenEmbedded build system (e.g. the SDK). The toolchain and
+   sysroots are based on a `Metadata <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#metadata>`__
+   configuration and extensions, which allows you to cross-develop on
+   the host machine for the target hardware. Additionally, the
+   extensible SDK contains the ``devtool`` functionality.
+
+-  The Quick EMUlator (QEMU), which lets you simulate target hardware.
+   QEMU is not literally part of the SDK. You must build and include
+   this emulator separately. However, QEMU plays an important role in
+   the development process that revolves around use of the SDK.
+
+In summary, the extensible and standard SDK share many features.
+However, the extensible SDK has powerful development tools to help you
+more quickly develop applications. Following is a table that summarizes
+the primary differences between the standard and extensible SDK types
+when considering which to build:
+
++-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
+| *Feature*             | *Standard SDK*        | *Extensible SDK*      |
++=======================+=======================+=======================+
+| Toolchain             | Yes                   | Yes\*                 |
++-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
+| Debugger              | Yes                   | Yes\*                 |
++-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
+| Size                  | 100+ MBytes           | 1+ GBytes (or 300+    |
+|                       |                       | MBytes for minimal    |
+|                       |                       | w/toolchain)          |
++-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
+| ``devtool``           | No                    | Yes                   |
++-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
+| Build Images          | No                    | Yes                   |
++-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
+| Updateable            | No                    | Yes                   |
++-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
+| Managed Sysroot*\*    | No                    | Yes                   |
++-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
+| Installed Packages    | No**\*                | Yes***\*              |
++-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
+| Construction          | Packages              | Shared State          |
++-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
+
+\* Extensible SDK contains the toolchain and debugger if
+```SDK_EXT_TYPE`` <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SDK_EXT_TYPE>`__ is "full"
+or
+```SDK_INCLUDE_TOOLCHAIN`` <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SDK_INCLUDE_TOOLCHAIN>`__
+is "1", which is the default. \*\* Sysroot is managed through the use of
+``devtool``. Thus, it is less likely that you will corrupt your SDK
+sysroot when you try to add additional libraries. \**\* You can add
+runtime package management to the standard SDK but it is not supported
+by default. \***\* You must build and make the shared state available to
+extensible SDK users for "packages" you want to enable users to install.
+
+The Cross-Development Toolchain
+-------------------------------
+
+The `Cross-Development
+Toolchain <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#cross-development-toolchain>`__ consists
+of a cross-compiler, cross-linker, and cross-debugger that are used to
+develop user-space applications for targeted hardware. Additionally, for
+an extensible SDK, the toolchain also has built-in ``devtool``
+functionality. This toolchain is created by running a SDK installer
+script or through a `Build
+Directory <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#build-directory>`__ that is based on
+your metadata configuration or extension for your targeted device. The
+cross-toolchain works with a matching target sysroot.
+
+.. _sysroot:
+
+Sysroots
+--------
+
+The native and target sysroots contain needed headers and libraries for
+generating binaries that run on the target architecture. The target
+sysroot is based on the target root filesystem image that is built by
+the OpenEmbedded build system and uses the same metadata configuration
+used to build the cross-toolchain.
+
+The QEMU Emulator
+-----------------
+
+The QEMU emulator allows you to simulate your hardware while running
+your application or image. QEMU is not part of the SDK but is made
+available a number of different ways:
+
+-  If you have cloned the ``poky`` Git repository to create a `Source
+   Directory <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#source-directory>`__ and you have
+   sourced the environment setup script, QEMU is installed and
+   automatically available.
+
+-  If you have downloaded a Yocto Project release and unpacked it to
+   create a Source Directory and you have sourced the environment setup
+   script, QEMU is installed and automatically available.
+
+-  If you have installed the cross-toolchain tarball and you have
+   sourced the toolchain's setup environment script, QEMU is also
+   installed and automatically available.
+
+SDK Development Model
+=====================
+
+Fundamentally, the SDK fits into the development process as follows: The
+SDK is installed on any machine and can be used to develop applications,
+images, and kernels. An SDK can even be used by a QA Engineer or Release
+Engineer. The fundamental concept is that the machine that has the SDK
+installed does not have to be associated with the machine that has the
+Yocto Project installed. A developer can independently compile and test
+an object on their machine and then, when the object is ready for
+integration into an image, they can simply make it available to the
+machine that has the Yocto Project. Once the object is available, the
+image can be rebuilt using the Yocto Project to produce the modified
+image.
+
+You just need to follow these general steps:
+
+1. *Install the SDK for your target hardware:* For information on how to
+   install the SDK, see the "`Installing the
+   SDK <#sdk-installing-the-sdk>`__" section.
+
+2. *Download or Build the Target Image:* The Yocto Project supports
+   several target architectures and has many pre-built kernel images and
+   root filesystem images.
+
+   If you are going to develop your application on hardware, go to the
+   ```machines`` <&YOCTO_MACHINES_DL_URL;>`__ download area and choose a
+   target machine area from which to download the kernel image and root
+   filesystem. This download area could have several files in it that
+   support development using actual hardware. For example, the area
+   might contain ``.hddimg`` files that combine the kernel image with
+   the filesystem, boot loaders, and so forth. Be sure to get the files
+   you need for your particular development process.
+
+   If you are going to develop your application and then run and test it
+   using the QEMU emulator, go to the
+   ```machines/qemu`` <&YOCTO_QEMU_DL_URL;>`__ download area. From this
+   area, go down into the directory for your target architecture (e.g.
+   ``qemux86_64`` for an Intel-based 64-bit architecture). Download the
+   kernel, root filesystem, and any other files you need for your
+   process.
+
+   .. note::
+
+      To use the root filesystem in QEMU, you need to extract it. See
+      the "
+      Extracting the Root Filesystem
+      " section for information on how to extract the root filesystem.
+
+3. *Develop and Test your Application:* At this point, you have the
+   tools to develop your application. If you need to separately install
+   and use the QEMU emulator, you can go to `QEMU Home
+   Page <http://wiki.qemu.org/Main_Page>`__ to download and learn about
+   the emulator. See the "`Using the Quick EMUlator
+   (QEMU) <&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#dev-manual-qemu>`__" chapter in the
+   Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual for information on using QEMU
+   within the Yocto Project.
+
+The remainder of this manual describes how to use the extensible and
+standard SDKs. Information also exists in appendix form that describes
+how you can build, install, and modify an SDK.