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+*****************************
+Introducing the Yocto Project
+*****************************
+
+What is the Yocto Project?
+==========================
+
+The Yocto Project is an open source collaboration project that helps
+developers create custom Linux-based systems that are designed for
+embedded products regardless of the product's hardware architecture.
+Yocto Project provides a flexible toolset and a development environment
+that allows embedded device developers across the world to collaborate
+through shared technologies, software stacks, configurations, and best
+practices used to create these tailored Linux images.
+
+Thousands of developers worldwide have discovered that Yocto Project
+provides advantages in both systems and applications development,
+archival and management benefits, and customizations used for speed,
+footprint, and memory utilization. The project is a standard when it
+comes to delivering embedded software stacks. The project allows
+software customizations and build interchange for multiple hardware
+platforms as well as software stacks that can be maintained and scaled.
+
+For further introductory information on the Yocto Project, you might be
+interested in this
+`article <https://www.embedded.com/electronics-blogs/say-what-/4458600/Why-the-Yocto-Project-for-my-IoT-Project->`__
+by Drew Moseley and in this short introductory
+`video <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=utZpKM7i5Z4>`__.
+
+The remainder of this section overviews advantages and challenges tied
+to the Yocto Project.
+
+.. _gs-features:
+
+Features
+--------
+
+The following list describes features and advantages of the Yocto
+Project:
+
+-  *Widely Adopted Across the Industry:* Semiconductor, operating
+   system, software, and service vendors exist whose products and
+   services adopt and support the Yocto Project. For a look at the Yocto
+   Project community and the companies involved with the Yocto Project,
+   see the "COMMUNITY" and "ECOSYSTEM" tabs on the `Yocto
+   Project <&YOCTO_HOME_URL;>`__ home page.
+
+-  *Architecture Agnostic:* Yocto Project supports Intel, ARM, MIPS,
+   AMD, PPC and other architectures. Most ODMs, OSVs, and chip vendors
+   create and supply BSPs that support their hardware. If you have
+   custom silicon, you can create a BSP that supports that architecture.
+
+   Aside from lots of architecture support, the Yocto Project fully
+   supports a wide range of device emulation through the Quick EMUlator
+   (QEMU).
+
+-  *Images and Code Transfer Easily:* Yocto Project output can easily
+   move between architectures without moving to new development
+   environments. Additionally, if you have used the Yocto Project to
+   create an image or application and you find yourself not able to
+   support it, commercial Linux vendors such as Wind River, Mentor
+   Graphics, Timesys, and ENEA could take it and provide ongoing
+   support. These vendors have offerings that are built using the Yocto
+   Project.
+
+-  *Flexibility:* Corporations use the Yocto Project many different
+   ways. One example is to create an internal Linux distribution as a
+   code base the corporation can use across multiple product groups.
+   Through customization and layering, a project group can leverage the
+   base Linux distribution to create a distribution that works for their
+   product needs.
+
+-  *Ideal for Constrained Embedded and IoT devices:* Unlike a full Linux
+   distribution, you can use the Yocto Project to create exactly what
+   you need for embedded devices. You only add the feature support or
+   packages that you absolutely need for the device. For devices that
+   have display hardware, you can use available system components such
+   as X11, GTK+, Qt, Clutter, and SDL (among others) to create a rich
+   user experience. For devices that do not have a display or where you
+   want to use alternative UI frameworks, you can choose to not install
+   these components.
+
+-  *Comprehensive Toolchain Capabilities:* Toolchains for supported
+   architectures satisfy most use cases. However, if your hardware
+   supports features that are not part of a standard toolchain, you can
+   easily customize that toolchain through specification of
+   platform-specific tuning parameters. And, should you need to use a
+   third-party toolchain, mechanisms built into the Yocto Project allow
+   for that.
+
+-  *Mechanism Rules Over Policy:* Focusing on mechanism rather than
+   policy ensures that you are free to set policies based on the needs
+   of your design instead of adopting decisions enforced by some system
+   software provider.
+
+-  *Uses a Layer Model:* The Yocto Project `layer
+   infrastructure <#the-yocto-project-layer-model>`__ groups related
+   functionality into separate bundles. You can incrementally add these
+   grouped functionalities to your project as needed. Using layers to
+   isolate and group functionality reduces project complexity and
+   redundancy, allows you to easily extend the system, make
+   customizations, and keep functionality organized.
+
+-  *Supports Partial Builds:* You can build and rebuild individual
+   packages as needed. Yocto Project accomplishes this through its
+   `shared-state cache <#shared-state-cache>`__ (sstate) scheme. Being
+   able to build and debug components individually eases project
+   development.
+
+-  *Releases According to a Strict Schedule:* Major releases occur on a
+   `six-month cycle <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-release-process>`__
+   predictably in October and April. The most recent two releases
+   support point releases to address common vulnerabilities and
+   exposures. This predictability is crucial for projects based on the
+   Yocto Project and allows development teams to plan activities.
+
+-  *Rich Ecosystem of Individuals and Organizations:* For open source
+   projects, the value of community is very important. Support forums,
+   expertise, and active developers who continue to push the Yocto
+   Project forward are readily available.
+
+-  *Binary Reproducibility:* The Yocto Project allows you to be very
+   specific about dependencies and achieves very high percentages of
+   binary reproducibility (e.g. 99.8% for ``core-image-minimal``). When
+   distributions are not specific about which packages are pulled in and
+   in what order to support dependencies, other build systems can
+   arbitrarily include packages.
+
+-  *License Manifest:* The Yocto Project provides a `license
+   manifest <&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#maintaining-open-source-license-compliance-during-your-products-lifecycle>`__
+   for review by people who need to track the use of open source
+   licenses (e.g.legal teams).
+
+.. _gs-challenges:
+
+Challenges
+----------
+
+The following list presents challenges you might encounter when
+developing using the Yocto Project:
+
+-  *Steep Learning Curve:* The Yocto Project has a steep learning curve
+   and has many different ways to accomplish similar tasks. It can be
+   difficult to choose how to proceed when varying methods exist by
+   which to accomplish a given task.
+
+-  *Understanding What Changes You Need to Make For Your Design Requires
+   Some Research:* Beyond the simple tutorial stage, understanding what
+   changes need to be made for your particular design can require a
+   significant amount of research and investigation. For information
+   that helps you transition from trying out the Yocto Project to using
+   it for your project, see the "`What I wish I'd
+   Known <&YOCTO_DOCS_URL;/what-i-wish-id-known/>`__" and
+   "`Transitioning to a Custom Environment for Systems
+   Development <&YOCTO_DOCS_URL;/transitioning-to-a-custom-environment/>`__"
+   documents on the Yocto Project website.
+
+-  *Project Workflow Could Be Confusing:* The `Yocto Project
+   workflow <#overview-development-environment>`__ could be confusing if
+   you are used to traditional desktop and server software development.
+   In a desktop development environment, mechanisms exist to easily pull
+   and install new packages, which are typically pre-compiled binaries
+   from servers accessible over the Internet. Using the Yocto Project,
+   you must modify your configuration and rebuild to add additional
+   packages.
+
+-  *Working in a Cross-Build Environment Can Feel Unfamiliar:* When
+   developing code to run on a target, compilation, execution, and
+   testing done on the actual target can be faster than running a
+   BitBake build on a development host and then deploying binaries to
+   the target for test. While the Yocto Project does support development
+   tools on the target, the additional step of integrating your changes
+   back into the Yocto Project build environment would be required.
+   Yocto Project supports an intermediate approach that involves making
+   changes on the development system within the BitBake environment and
+   then deploying only the updated packages to the target.
+
+   The Yocto Project `OpenEmbedded build
+   system <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#build-system-term>`__ produces packages
+   in standard formats (i.e. RPM, DEB, IPK, and TAR). You can deploy
+   these packages into the running system on the target by using
+   utilities on the target such as ``rpm`` or ``ipk``.
+
+-  *Initial Build Times Can be Significant:* Long initial build times
+   are unfortunately unavoidable due to the large number of packages
+   initially built from scratch for a fully functioning Linux system.
+   Once that initial build is completed, however, the shared-state
+   (sstate) cache mechanism Yocto Project uses keeps the system from
+   rebuilding packages that have not been "touched" since the last
+   build. The sstate mechanism significantly reduces times for
+   successive builds.
+
+The Yocto Project Layer Model
+=============================
+
+The Yocto Project's "Layer Model" is a development model for embedded
+and IoT Linux creation that distinguishes the Yocto Project from other
+simple build systems. The Layer Model simultaneously supports
+collaboration and customization. Layers are repositories that contain
+related sets of instructions that tell the `OpenEmbedded build
+system <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#build-system-term>`__ what to do. You can
+collaborate, share, and reuse layers.
+
+Layers can contain changes to previous instructions or settings at any
+time. This powerful override capability is what allows you to customize
+previously supplied collaborative or community layers to suit your
+product requirements.
+
+You use different layers to logically separate information in your
+build. As an example, you could have BSP, GUI, distro configuration,
+middleware, or application layers. Putting your entire build into one
+layer limits and complicates future customization and reuse. Isolating
+information into layers, on the other hand, helps simplify future
+customizations and reuse. You might find it tempting to keep everything
+in one layer when working on a single project. However, the more modular
+your Metadata, the easier it is to cope with future changes.
+
+.. note::
+
+   -  Use Board Support Package (BSP) layers from silicon vendors when
+      possible.
+
+   -  Familiarize yourself with the `Yocto Project curated layer
+      index <https://caffelli-staging.yoctoproject.org/software-overview/layers/>`__
+      or the `OpenEmbedded layer
+      index <http://layers.openembedded.org/layerindex/branch/master/layers/>`__.
+      The latter contains more layers but they are less universally
+      validated.
+
+   -  Layers support the inclusion of technologies, hardware components,
+      and software components. The `Yocto Project
+      Compatible <&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#making-sure-your-layer-is-compatible-with-yocto-project>`__
+      designation provides a minimum level of standardization that
+      contributes to a strong ecosystem. "YP Compatible" is applied to
+      appropriate products and software components such as BSPs, other
+      OE-compatible layers, and related open-source projects, allowing
+      the producer to use Yocto Project badges and branding assets.
+
+To illustrate how layers are used to keep things modular, consider
+machine customizations. These types of customizations typically reside
+in a special layer, rather than a general layer, called a BSP Layer.
+Furthermore, the machine customizations should be isolated from recipes
+and Metadata that support a new GUI environment, for example. This
+situation gives you a couple of layers: one for the machine
+configurations, and one for the GUI environment. It is important to
+understand, however, that the BSP layer can still make machine-specific
+additions to recipes within the GUI environment layer without polluting
+the GUI layer itself with those machine-specific changes. You can
+accomplish this through a recipe that is a BitBake append
+(``.bbappend``) file, which is described later in this section.
+
+.. note::
+
+   For general information on BSP layer structure, see the
+   Yocto Project Board Support Packages (BSP) Developer's Guide
+   .
+
+The `Source Directory <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#source-directory>`__
+contains both general layers and BSP layers right out of the box. You
+can easily identify layers that ship with a Yocto Project release in the
+Source Directory by their names. Layers typically have names that begin
+with the string ``meta-``.
+
+.. note::
+
+   It is not a requirement that a layer name begin with the prefix
+   meta-
+   , but it is a commonly accepted standard in the Yocto Project
+   community.
+
+For example, if you were to examine the `tree
+view <https://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/poky/tree/>`__ of the
+``poky`` repository, you will see several layers: ``meta``,
+``meta-skeleton``, ``meta-selftest``, ``meta-poky``, and
+``meta-yocto-bsp``. Each of these repositories represents a distinct
+layer.
+
+For procedures on how to create layers, see the "`Understanding and
+Creating
+Layers <&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#understanding-and-creating-layers>`__"
+section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
+
+Components and Tools
+====================
+
+The Yocto Project employs a collection of components and tools used by
+the project itself, by project developers, and by those using the Yocto
+Project. These components and tools are open source projects and
+metadata that are separate from the reference distribution
+(`Poky <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#poky>`__) and the `OpenEmbedded build
+system <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#build-system-term>`__. Most of the
+components and tools are downloaded separately.
+
+This section provides brief overviews of the components and tools
+associated with the Yocto Project.
+
+.. _gs-development-tools:
+
+Development Tools
+-----------------
+
+The following list consists of tools that help you develop images and
+applications using the Yocto Project:
+
+-  *CROPS:* `CROPS <https://github.com/crops/poky-container/>`__ is an
+   open source, cross-platform development framework that leverages
+   `Docker Containers <https://www.docker.com/>`__. CROPS provides an
+   easily managed, extensible environment that allows you to build
+   binaries for a variety of architectures on Windows, Linux and Mac OS
+   X hosts.
+
+-  *``devtool``:* This command-line tool is available as part of the
+   extensible SDK (eSDK) and is its cornerstone. You can use ``devtool``
+   to help build, test, and package software within the eSDK. You can
+   use the tool to optionally integrate what you build into an image
+   built by the OpenEmbedded build system.
+
+   The ``devtool`` command employs a number of sub-commands that allow
+   you to add, modify, and upgrade recipes. As with the OpenEmbedded
+   build system, “recipes” represent software packages within
+   ``devtool``. When you use ``devtool add``, a recipe is automatically
+   created. When you use ``devtool modify``, the specified existing
+   recipe is used in order to determine where to get the source code and
+   how to patch it. In both cases, an environment is set up so that when
+   you build the recipe a source tree that is under your control is used
+   in order to allow you to make changes to the source as desired. By
+   default, both new recipes and the source go into a “workspace”
+   directory under the eSDK. The ``devtool upgrade`` command updates an
+   existing recipe so that you can build it for an updated set of source
+   files.
+
+   You can read about the ``devtool`` workflow in the Yocto Project
+   Application Development and Extensible Software Development Kit
+   (eSDK) Manual in the "`Using ``devtool`` in Your SDK
+   Workflow' <&YOCTO_DOCS_SDK_URL;#using-devtool-in-your-sdk-workflow>`__"
+   section.
+
+-  *Extensible Software Development Kit (eSDK):* The eSDK provides a
+   cross-development toolchain and libraries tailored to the contents of
+   a specific image. The eSDK makes it easy to add new applications and
+   libraries to an image, modify the source for an existing component,
+   test changes on the target hardware, and integrate into the rest of
+   the OpenEmbedded build system. The eSDK gives you a toolchain
+   experience supplemented with the powerful set of ``devtool`` commands
+   tailored for the Yocto Project environment.
+
+   For information on the eSDK, see the `Yocto Project Application
+   Development and the Extensible Software Development Kit
+   (eSDK) <&YOCTO_DOCS_SDK_URL;>`__ Manual.
+
+-  *Toaster:* Toaster is a web interface to the Yocto Project
+   OpenEmbedded build system. Toaster allows you to configure, run, and
+   view information about builds. For information on Toaster, see the
+   `Toaster User Manual <&YOCTO_DOCS_TOAST_URL;>`__.
+
+.. _gs-production-tools:
+
+Production Tools
+----------------
+
+The following list consists of tools that help production related
+activities using the Yocto Project:
+
+-  *Auto Upgrade Helper:* This utility when used in conjunction with the
+   `OpenEmbedded build
+   system <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#build-system-term>`__ (BitBake and
+   OE-Core) automatically generates upgrades for recipes that are based
+   on new versions of the recipes published upstream.
+
+-  *Recipe Reporting System:* The Recipe Reporting System tracks recipe
+   versions available for Yocto Project. The main purpose of the system
+   is to help you manage the recipes you maintain and to offer a dynamic
+   overview of the project. The Recipe Reporting System is built on top
+   of the `OpenEmbedded Layer
+   Index <http://layers.openembedded.org/layerindex/layers/>`__, which
+   is a website that indexes OpenEmbedded-Core layers.
+
+-  *Patchwork:* `Patchwork <http://jk.ozlabs.org/projects/patchwork/>`__
+   is a fork of a project originally started by
+   `OzLabs <http://ozlabs.org/>`__. The project is a web-based tracking
+   system designed to streamline the process of bringing contributions
+   into a project. The Yocto Project uses Patchwork as an organizational
+   tool to handle patches, which number in the thousands for every
+   release.
+
+-  *AutoBuilder:* AutoBuilder is a project that automates build tests
+   and quality assurance (QA). By using the public AutoBuilder, anyone
+   can determine the status of the current "master" branch of Poky.
+
+   .. note::
+
+      AutoBuilder is based on
+      buildbot
+      .
+
+   A goal of the Yocto Project is to lead the open source industry with
+   a project that automates testing and QA procedures. In doing so, the
+   project encourages a development community that publishes QA and test
+   plans, publicly demonstrates QA and test plans, and encourages
+   development of tools that automate and test and QA procedures for the
+   benefit of the development community.
+
+   You can learn more about the AutoBuilder used by the Yocto Project
+   `here <&YOCTO_AB_URL;>`__.
+
+-  *Cross-Prelink:* Prelinking is the process of pre-computing the load
+   addresses and link tables generated by the dynamic linker as compared
+   to doing this at runtime. Doing this ahead of time results in
+   performance improvements when the application is launched and reduced
+   memory usage for libraries shared by many applications.
+
+   Historically, cross-prelink is a variant of prelink, which was
+   conceived by `Jakub
+   Jelínek <http://people.redhat.com/jakub/prelink.pdf>`__ a number of
+   years ago. Both prelink and cross-prelink are maintained in the same
+   repository albeit on separate branches. By providing an emulated
+   runtime dynamic linker (i.e. ``glibc``-derived ``ld.so`` emulation),
+   the cross-prelink project extends the prelink software’s ability to
+   prelink a sysroot environment. Additionally, the cross-prelink
+   software enables the ability to work in sysroot style environments.
+
+   The dynamic linker determines standard load address calculations
+   based on a variety of factors such as mapping addresses, library
+   usage, and library function conflicts. The prelink tool uses this
+   information, from the dynamic linker, to determine unique load
+   addresses for executable and linkable format (ELF) binaries that are
+   shared libraries and dynamically linked. The prelink tool modifies
+   these ELF binaries with the pre-computed information. The result is
+   faster loading and often lower memory consumption because more of the
+   library code can be re-used from shared Copy-On-Write (COW) pages.
+
+   The original upstream prelink project only supports running prelink
+   on the end target device due to the reliance on the target device’s
+   dynamic linker. This restriction causes issues when developing a
+   cross-compiled system. The cross-prelink adds a synthesized dynamic
+   loader that runs on the host, thus permitting cross-prelinking
+   without ever having to run on a read-write target filesystem.
+
+-  *Pseudo:* Pseudo is the Yocto Project implementation of
+   `fakeroot <http://man.he.net/man1/fakeroot>`__, which is used to run
+   commands in an environment that seemingly has root privileges.
+
+   During a build, it can be necessary to perform operations that
+   require system administrator privileges. For example, file ownership
+   or permissions might need definition. Pseudo is a tool that you can
+   either use directly or through the environment variable
+   ``LD_PRELOAD``. Either method allows these operations to succeed as
+   if system administrator privileges exist even when they do not.
+
+   You can read more about Pseudo in the "`Fakeroot and
+   Pseudo <#fakeroot-and-pseudo>`__" section.
+
+.. _gs-openembedded-build-system:
+
+Open-Embedded Build System Components
+-------------------------------------
+
+The following list consists of components associated with the
+`OpenEmbedded build system <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#build-system-term>`__:
+
+-  *BitBake:* BitBake is a core component of the Yocto Project and is
+   used by the OpenEmbedded build system to build images. While BitBake
+   is key to the build system, BitBake is maintained separately from the
+   Yocto Project.
+
+   BitBake is a generic task execution engine that allows shell and
+   Python tasks to be run efficiently and in parallel while working
+   within complex inter-task dependency constraints. In short, BitBake
+   is a build engine that works through recipes written in a specific
+   format in order to perform sets of tasks.
+
+   You can learn more about BitBake in the `BitBake User
+   Manual <&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;>`__.
+
+-  *OpenEmbedded-Core:* OpenEmbedded-Core (OE-Core) is a common layer of
+   metadata (i.e. recipes, classes, and associated files) used by
+   OpenEmbedded-derived systems, which includes the Yocto Project. The
+   Yocto Project and the OpenEmbedded Project both maintain the
+   OpenEmbedded-Core. You can find the OE-Core metadata in the Yocto
+   Project `Source
+   Repositories <&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit/cgit.cgi/poky/tree/meta>`__.
+
+   Historically, the Yocto Project integrated the OE-Core metadata
+   throughout the Yocto Project source repository reference system
+   (Poky). After Yocto Project Version 1.0, the Yocto Project and
+   OpenEmbedded agreed to work together and share a common core set of
+   metadata (OE-Core), which contained much of the functionality
+   previously found in Poky. This collaboration achieved a long-standing
+   OpenEmbedded objective for having a more tightly controlled and
+   quality-assured core. The results also fit well with the Yocto
+   Project objective of achieving a smaller number of fully featured
+   tools as compared to many different ones.
+
+   Sharing a core set of metadata results in Poky as an integration
+   layer on top of OE-Core. You can see that in this
+   `figure <#yp-key-dev-elements>`__. The Yocto Project combines various
+   components such as BitBake, OE-Core, script “glue”, and documentation
+   for its build system.
+
+.. _gs-reference-distribution-poky:
+
+Reference Distribution (Poky)
+-----------------------------
+
+Poky is the Yocto Project reference distribution. It contains the
+`Open-Embedded build system <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#build-system-term>`__
+(BitBake and OE-Core) as well as a set of metadata to get you started
+building your own distribution. See the
+`figure <#what-is-the-yocto-project>`__ in "What is the Yocto Project?"
+section for an illustration that shows Poky and its relationship with
+other parts of the Yocto Project.
+
+To use the Yocto Project tools and components, you can download
+(``clone``) Poky and use it to bootstrap your own distribution.
+
+.. note::
+
+   Poky does not contain binary files. It is a working example of how to
+   build your own custom Linux distribution from source.
+
+You can read more about Poky in the "`Reference Embedded Distribution
+(Poky) <#reference-embedded-distribution>`__" section.
+
+.. _gs-packages-for-finished-targets:
+
+Packages for Finished Targets
+-----------------------------
+
+The following lists components associated with packages for finished
+targets:
+
+-  *Matchbox:* Matchbox is an Open Source, base environment for the X
+   Window System running on non-desktop, embedded platforms such as
+   handhelds, set-top boxes, kiosks, and anything else for which screen
+   space, input mechanisms, or system resources are limited.
+
+   Matchbox consists of a number of interchangeable and optional
+   applications that you can tailor to a specific, non-desktop platform
+   to enhance usability in constrained environments.
+
+   You can find the Matchbox source in the Yocto Project `Source
+   Repositories <&YOCTO_GIT_URL;>`__.
+
+-  *Opkg* Open PacKaGe management (opkg) is a lightweight package
+   management system based on the itsy package (ipkg) management system.
+   Opkg is written in C and resembles Advanced Package Tool (APT) and
+   Debian Package (dpkg) in operation.
+
+   Opkg is intended for use on embedded Linux devices and is used in
+   this capacity in the
+   `OpenEmbedded <http://www.openembedded.org/wiki/Main_Page>`__ and
+   `OpenWrt <https://openwrt.org/>`__ projects, as well as the Yocto
+   Project.
+
+   .. note::
+
+      As best it can, opkg maintains backwards compatibility with ipkg
+      and conforms to a subset of Debian’s policy manual regarding
+      control files.
+
+.. _gs-archived-components:
+
+Archived Components
+-------------------
+
+The Build Appliance is a virtual machine image that enables you to build
+and boot a custom embedded Linux image with the Yocto Project using a
+non-Linux development system.
+
+Historically, the Build Appliance was the second of three methods by
+which you could use the Yocto Project on a system that was not native to
+Linux.
+
+1. *Hob:* Hob, which is now deprecated and is no longer available since
+   the 2.1 release of the Yocto Project provided a rudimentary,
+   GUI-based interface to the Yocto Project. Toaster has fully replaced
+   Hob.
+
+2. *Build Appliance:* Post Hob, the Build Appliance became available. It
+   was never recommended that you use the Build Appliance as a
+   day-to-day production development environment with the Yocto Project.
+   Build Appliance was useful as a way to try out development in the
+   Yocto Project environment.
+
+3. *CROPS:* The final and best solution available now for developing
+   using the Yocto Project on a system not native to Linux is with
+   `CROPS <#gs-crops-overview>`__.
+
+.. _gs-development-methods:
+
+Development Methods
+===================
+
+The Yocto Project development environment usually involves a `Build
+Host <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#hardware-build-system-term>`__ and target
+hardware. You use the Build Host to build images and develop
+applications, while you use the target hardware to test deployed
+software.
+
+This section provides an introduction to the choices or development
+methods you have when setting up your Build Host. Depending on the your
+particular workflow preference and the type of operating system your
+Build Host runs, several choices exist that allow you to use the Yocto
+Project.
+
+.. note::
+
+   For additional detail about the Yocto Project development
+   environment, see the "
+   The Yocto Project Development Environment
+   " chapter.
+
+-  *Native Linux Host:* By far the best option for a Build Host. A
+   system running Linux as its native operating system allows you to
+   develop software by directly using the
+   `BitBake <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#bitbake-term>`__ tool. You can
+   accomplish all aspects of development from a familiar shell of a
+   supported Linux distribution.
+
+   For information on how to set up a Build Host on a system running
+   Linux as its native operating system, see the "`Setting Up a Native
+   Linux Host <&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#setting-up-a-native-linux-host>`__"
+   section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
+
+-  *CROss PlatformS (CROPS):* Typically, you use
+   `CROPS <https://github.com/crops/poky-container/>`__, which leverages
+   `Docker Containers <https://www.docker.com/>`__, to set up a Build
+   Host that is not running Linux (e.g. Microsoft Windows or macOS).
+
+   .. note::
+
+      You can, however, use CROPS on a Linux-based system.
+
+   CROPS is an open source, cross-platform development framework that
+   provides an easily managed, extensible environment for building
+   binaries targeted for a variety of architectures on Windows, macOS,
+   or Linux hosts. Once the Build Host is set up using CROPS, you can
+   prepare a shell environment to mimic that of a shell being used on a
+   system natively running Linux.
+
+   For information on how to set up a Build Host with CROPS, see the
+   "`Setting Up to Use CROss PlatformS
+   (CROPS) <&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#setting-up-to-use-crops>`__" section in
+   the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
+
+-  *Windows Subsystem For Linux (WSLv2):* You may use Windows Subsystem
+   For Linux v2 to set up a build host using Windows 10.
+
+   .. note::
+
+      The Yocto Project is not compatible with WSLv1, it is compatible
+      but not officially supported nor validated with WSLv2, if you
+      still decide to use WSL please upgrade to WSLv2.
+
+   The Windows Subsystem For Linux allows Windows 10 to run a real Linux
+   kernel inside of a lightweight utility virtual machine (VM) using
+   virtualization technology.
+
+   For information on how to set up a Build Host with WSLv2, see the
+   "`Setting Up to Use Windows Subsystem For
+   Linux <&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#setting-up-to-use-wsl>`__" section in the
+   Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
+
+-  *Toaster:* Regardless of what your Build Host is running, you can use
+   Toaster to develop software using the Yocto Project. Toaster is a web
+   interface to the Yocto Project's `Open-Embedded build
+   system <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#build-system-term>`__. The interface
+   enables you to configure and run your builds. Information about
+   builds is collected and stored in a database. You can use Toaster to
+   configure and start builds on multiple remote build servers.
+
+   For information about and how to use Toaster, see the `Toaster User
+   Manual <&YOCTO_DOCS_TOAST_URL;>`__.
+
+.. _reference-embedded-distribution:
+
+Reference Embedded Distribution (Poky)
+======================================
+
+"Poky", which is pronounced *Pock*-ee, is the name of the Yocto
+Project's reference distribution or Reference OS Kit. Poky contains the
+`OpenEmbedded Build System <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#build-system-term>`__
+(`BitBake <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#bitbake-term>`__ and
+`OpenEmbedded-Core <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#oe-core>`__) as well as a set
+of `metadata <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#metadata>`__ to get you started
+building your own distro. In other words, Poky is a base specification
+of the functionality needed for a typical embedded system as well as the
+components from the Yocto Project that allow you to build a distribution
+into a usable binary image.
+
+Poky is a combined repository of BitBake, OpenEmbedded-Core (which is
+found in ``meta``), ``meta-poky``, ``meta-yocto-bsp``, and documentation
+provided all together and known to work well together. You can view
+these items that make up the Poky repository in the `Source
+Repositories <&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit/cgit.cgi/poky/tree/>`__.
+
+.. note::
+
+   If you are interested in all the contents of the
+   poky
+   Git repository, see the "
+   Top-Level Core Components
+   " section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
+
+The following figure illustrates what generally comprises Poky:
+
+-  BitBake is a task executor and scheduler that is the heart of the
+   OpenEmbedded build system.
+
+-  ``meta-poky``, which is Poky-specific metadata.
+
+-  ``meta-yocto-bsp``, which are Yocto Project-specific Board Support
+   Packages (BSPs).
+
+-  OpenEmbedded-Core (OE-Core) metadata, which includes shared
+   configurations, global variable definitions, shared classes,
+   packaging, and recipes. Classes define the encapsulation and
+   inheritance of build logic. Recipes are the logical units of software
+   and images to be built.
+
+-  Documentation, which contains the Yocto Project source files used to
+   make the set of user manuals.
+
+.. note::
+
+   While Poky is a "complete" distribution specification and is tested
+   and put through QA, you cannot use it as a product "out of the box"
+   in its current form.
+
+To use the Yocto Project tools, you can use Git to clone (download) the
+Poky repository then use your local copy of the reference distribution
+to bootstrap your own distribution.
+
+.. note::
+
+   Poky does not contain binary files. It is a working example of how to
+   build your own custom Linux distribution from source.
+
+Poky has a regular, well established, six-month release cycle under its
+own version. Major releases occur at the same time major releases (point
+releases) occur for the Yocto Project, which are typically in the Spring
+and Fall. For more information on the Yocto Project release schedule and
+cadence, see the "`Yocto Project Releases and the Stable Release
+Process <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-release-process>`__" chapter in the
+Yocto Project Reference Manual.
+
+Much has been said about Poky being a "default configuration." A default
+configuration provides a starting image footprint. You can use Poky out
+of the box to create an image ranging from a shell-accessible minimal
+image all the way up to a Linux Standard Base-compliant image that uses
+a GNOME Mobile and Embedded (GMAE) based reference user interface called
+Sato.
+
+One of the most powerful properties of Poky is that every aspect of a
+build is controlled by the metadata. You can use metadata to augment
+these base image types by adding metadata
+`layers <#the-yocto-project-layer-model>`__ that extend functionality.
+These layers can provide, for example, an additional software stack for
+an image type, add a board support package (BSP) for additional
+hardware, or even create a new image type.
+
+Metadata is loosely grouped into configuration files or package recipes.
+A recipe is a collection of non-executable metadata used by BitBake to
+set variables or define additional build-time tasks. A recipe contains
+fields such as the recipe description, the recipe version, the license
+of the package and the upstream source repository. A recipe might also
+indicate that the build process uses autotools, make, distutils or any
+other build process, in which case the basic functionality can be
+defined by the classes it inherits from the OE-Core layer's class
+definitions in ``./meta/classes``. Within a recipe you can also define
+additional tasks as well as task prerequisites. Recipe syntax through
+BitBake also supports both ``_prepend`` and ``_append`` operators as a
+method of extending task functionality. These operators inject code into
+the beginning or end of a task. For information on these BitBake
+operators, see the "`Appending and Prepending (Override Style
+Syntax) <&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;#appending-and-prepending-override-style-syntax>`__"
+section in the BitBake User's Manual.
+
+.. _openembedded-build-system-workflow:
+
+The OpenEmbedded Build System Workflow
+======================================
+
+The `OpenEmbedded build
+system <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#build-system-term>`__ uses a "workflow" to
+accomplish image and SDK generation. The following figure overviews that
+workflow: Following is a brief summary of the "workflow":
+
+1. Developers specify architecture, policies, patches and configuration
+   details.
+
+2. The build system fetches and downloads the source code from the
+   specified location. The build system supports standard methods such
+   as tarballs or source code repositories systems such as Git.
+
+3. Once source code is downloaded, the build system extracts the sources
+   into a local work area where patches are applied and common steps for
+   configuring and compiling the software are run.
+
+4. The build system then installs the software into a temporary staging
+   area where the binary package format you select (DEB, RPM, or IPK) is
+   used to roll up the software.
+
+5. Different QA and sanity checks run throughout entire build process.
+
+6. After the binaries are created, the build system generates a binary
+   package feed that is used to create the final root file image.
+
+7. The build system generates the file system image and a customized
+   Extensible SDK (eSDK) for application development in parallel.
+
+For a very detailed look at this workflow, see the "`OpenEmbedded Build
+System Concepts <#openembedded-build-system-build-concepts>`__" section.
+
+Some Basic Terms
+================
+
+It helps to understand some basic fundamental terms when learning the
+Yocto Project. Although a list of terms exists in the "`Yocto Project
+Terms <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-terms>`__" section of the Yocto Project
+Reference Manual, this section provides the definitions of some terms
+helpful for getting started:
+
+-  *Configuration Files:* Files that hold global definitions of
+   variables, user-defined variables, and hardware configuration
+   information. These files tell the `Open-Embedded build
+   system <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#build-system-term>`__ what to build and
+   what to put into the image to support a particular platform.
+
+-  *Extensible Software Development Kit (eSDK):* A custom SDK for
+   application developers. This eSDK allows developers to incorporate
+   their library and programming changes back into the image to make
+   their code available to other application developers. For information
+   on the eSDK, see the `Yocto Project Application Development and the
+   Extensible Software Development Kit (eSDK) <&YOCTO_DOCS_SDK_URL;>`__
+   manual.
+
+-  *Layer:* A collection of related recipes. Layers allow you to
+   consolidate related metadata to customize your build. Layers also
+   isolate information used when building for multiple architectures.
+   Layers are hierarchical in their ability to override previous
+   specifications. You can include any number of available layers from
+   the Yocto Project and customize the build by adding your layers after
+   them. You can search the Layer Index for layers used within Yocto
+   Project.
+
+   For more detailed information on layers, see the "`Understanding and
+   Creating
+   Layers <&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#understanding-and-creating-layers>`__"
+   section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual. For a
+   discussion specifically on BSP Layers, see the "`BSP
+   Layers <&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#bsp-layers>`__" section in the Yocto
+   Project Board Support Packages (BSP) Developer's Guide.
+
+-  *Metadata:* A key element of the Yocto Project is the Metadata that
+   is used to construct a Linux distribution and is contained in the
+   files that the OpenEmbedded build system parses when building an
+   image. In general, Metadata includes recipes, configuration files,
+   and other information that refers to the build instructions
+   themselves, as well as the data used to control what things get built
+   and the effects of the build. Metadata also includes commands and
+   data used to indicate what versions of software are used, from where
+   they are obtained, and changes or additions to the software itself
+   (patches or auxiliary files) that are used to fix bugs or customize
+   the software for use in a particular situation. OpenEmbedded-Core is
+   an important set of validated metadata.
+
+-  *OpenEmbedded Build System:* The terms "BitBake" and "build system"
+   are sometimes used for the OpenEmbedded Build System.
+
+   BitBake is a task scheduler and execution engine that parses
+   instructions (i.e. recipes) and configuration data. After a parsing
+   phase, BitBake creates a dependency tree to order the compilation,
+   schedules the compilation of the included code, and finally executes
+   the building of the specified custom Linux image (distribution).
+   BitBake is similar to the ``make`` tool.
+
+   During a build process, the build system tracks dependencies and
+   performs a native or cross-compilation of the package. As a first
+   step in a cross-build setup, the framework attempts to create a
+   cross-compiler toolchain (i.e. Extensible SDK) suited for the target
+   platform.
+
+-  *OpenEmbedded-Core (OE-Core):* OE-Core is metadata comprised of
+   foundation recipes, classes, and associated files that are meant to
+   be common among many different OpenEmbedded-derived systems,
+   including the Yocto Project. OE-Core is a curated subset of an
+   original repository developed by the OpenEmbedded community that has
+   been pared down into a smaller, core set of continuously validated
+   recipes. The result is a tightly controlled and quality-assured core
+   set of recipes.
+
+   You can see the Metadata in the ``meta`` directory of the Yocto
+   Project `Source
+   Repositories <http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi>`__.
+
+-  *Packages:* In the context of the Yocto Project, this term refers to
+   a recipe's packaged output produced by BitBake (i.e. a "baked
+   recipe"). A package is generally the compiled binaries produced from
+   the recipe's sources. You "bake" something by running it through
+   BitBake.
+
+   It is worth noting that the term "package" can, in general, have
+   subtle meanings. For example, the packages referred to in the
+   "`Required Packages for the Build
+   Host <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#required-packages-for-the-build-host>`__"
+   section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual are compiled binaries
+   that, when installed, add functionality to your Linux distribution.
+
+   Another point worth noting is that historically within the Yocto
+   Project, recipes were referred to as packages - thus, the existence
+   of several BitBake variables that are seemingly mis-named, (e.g.
+   ```PR`` <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PR>`__,
+   ```PV`` <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PV>`__, and
+   ```PE`` <&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PE>`__).
+
+-  *Poky:* Poky is a reference embedded distribution and a reference
+   test configuration. Poky provides the following:
+
+   -  A base-level functional distro used to illustrate how to customize
+      a distribution.
+
+   -  A means by which to test the Yocto Project components (i.e. Poky
+      is used to validate the Yocto Project).
+
+   -  A vehicle through which you can download the Yocto Project.
+
+   Poky is not a product level distro. Rather, it is a good starting
+   point for customization.
+
+   .. note::
+
+      Poky is an integration layer on top of OE-Core.
+
+-  *Recipe:* The most common form of metadata. A recipe contains a list
+   of settings and tasks (i.e. instructions) for building packages that
+   are then used to build the binary image. A recipe describes where you
+   get source code and which patches to apply. Recipes describe
+   dependencies for libraries or for other recipes as well as
+   configuration and compilation options. Related recipes are
+   consolidated into a layer.