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|
# Recipe creation tool - create build system handler for python
#
# Copyright (C) 2015 Mentor Graphics Corporation
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
# published by the Free Software Foundation.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
import ast
import codecs
import collections
import distutils.command.build_py
import email
import imp
import glob
import itertools
import logging
import os
import re
import sys
import subprocess
from recipetool.create import RecipeHandler
logger = logging.getLogger('recipetool')
tinfoil = None
def tinfoil_init(instance):
global tinfoil
tinfoil = instance
class PythonRecipeHandler(RecipeHandler):
base_pkgdeps = ['python-core']
excluded_pkgdeps = ['python-dbg']
# os.path is provided by python-core
assume_provided = ['builtins', 'os.path']
# Assumes that the host python builtin_module_names is sane for target too
assume_provided = assume_provided + list(sys.builtin_module_names)
bbvar_map = {
'Name': 'PN',
'Version': 'PV',
'Home-page': 'HOMEPAGE',
'Summary': 'SUMMARY',
'Description': 'DESCRIPTION',
'License': 'LICENSE',
'Requires': 'RDEPENDS_${PN}',
'Provides': 'RPROVIDES_${PN}',
'Obsoletes': 'RREPLACES_${PN}',
}
# PN/PV are already set by recipetool core & desc can be extremely long
excluded_fields = [
'Name',
'Version',
'Description',
]
setup_parse_map = {
'Url': 'Home-page',
'Classifiers': 'Classifier',
'Description': 'Summary',
}
setuparg_map = {
'Home-page': 'url',
'Classifier': 'classifiers',
'Summary': 'description',
'Description': 'long-description',
}
# Values which are lists, used by the setup.py argument based metadata
# extraction method, to determine how to process the setup.py output.
setuparg_list_fields = [
'Classifier',
'Requires',
'Provides',
'Obsoletes',
'Platform',
'Supported-Platform',
]
setuparg_multi_line_values = ['Description']
replacements = [
('License', r' ', '-'),
('License', r'-License$', ''),
('License', r'^UNKNOWN$', ''),
# Remove currently unhandled version numbers from these variables
('Requires', r' *\([^)]*\)', ''),
('Provides', r' *\([^)]*\)', ''),
('Obsoletes', r' *\([^)]*\)', ''),
('Install-requires', r'^([^><= ]+).*', r'\1'),
('Extras-require', r'^([^><= ]+).*', r'\1'),
('Tests-require', r'^([^><= ]+).*', r'\1'),
# Remove unhandled dependency on particular features (e.g. foo[PDF])
('Install-requires', r'\[[^\]]+\]$', ''),
]
classifier_license_map = {
'License :: OSI Approved :: Academic Free License (AFL)': 'AFL',
'License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License': 'Apache',
'License :: OSI Approved :: Apple Public Source License': 'APSL',
'License :: OSI Approved :: Artistic License': 'Artistic',
'License :: OSI Approved :: Attribution Assurance License': 'AAL',
'License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License': 'BSD',
'License :: OSI Approved :: Common Public License': 'CPL',
'License :: OSI Approved :: Eiffel Forum License': 'EFL',
'License :: OSI Approved :: European Union Public Licence 1.0 (EUPL 1.0)': 'EUPL-1.0',
'License :: OSI Approved :: European Union Public Licence 1.1 (EUPL 1.1)': 'EUPL-1.1',
'License :: OSI Approved :: GNU Affero General Public License v3 or later (AGPLv3+)': 'AGPL-3.0+',
'License :: OSI Approved :: GNU Affero General Public License v3': 'AGPL-3.0',
'License :: OSI Approved :: GNU Free Documentation License (FDL)': 'GFDL',
'License :: OSI Approved :: GNU General Public License (GPL)': 'GPL',
'License :: OSI Approved :: GNU General Public License v2 (GPLv2)': 'GPL-2.0',
'License :: OSI Approved :: GNU General Public License v2 or later (GPLv2+)': 'GPL-2.0+',
'License :: OSI Approved :: GNU General Public License v3 (GPLv3)': 'GPL-3.0',
'License :: OSI Approved :: GNU General Public License v3 or later (GPLv3+)': 'GPL-3.0+',
'License :: OSI Approved :: GNU Lesser General Public License v2 (LGPLv2)': 'LGPL-2.0',
'License :: OSI Approved :: GNU Lesser General Public License v2 or later (LGPLv2+)': 'LGPL-2.0+',
'License :: OSI Approved :: GNU Lesser General Public License v3 (LGPLv3)': 'LGPL-3.0',
'License :: OSI Approved :: GNU Lesser General Public License v3 or later (LGPLv3+)': 'LGPL-3.0+',
'License :: OSI Approved :: GNU Library or Lesser General Public License (LGPL)': 'LGPL',
'License :: OSI Approved :: IBM Public License': 'IPL',
'License :: OSI Approved :: ISC License (ISCL)': 'ISC',
'License :: OSI Approved :: Intel Open Source License': 'Intel',
'License :: OSI Approved :: Jabber Open Source License': 'Jabber',
'License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License': 'MIT',
'License :: OSI Approved :: MITRE Collaborative Virtual Workspace License (CVW)': 'CVWL',
'License :: OSI Approved :: Motosoto License': 'Motosoto',
'License :: OSI Approved :: Mozilla Public License 1.0 (MPL)': 'MPL-1.0',
'License :: OSI Approved :: Mozilla Public License 1.1 (MPL 1.1)': 'MPL-1.1',
'License :: OSI Approved :: Mozilla Public License 2.0 (MPL 2.0)': 'MPL-2.0',
'License :: OSI Approved :: Nethack General Public License': 'NGPL',
'License :: OSI Approved :: Nokia Open Source License': 'Nokia',
'License :: OSI Approved :: Open Group Test Suite License': 'OGTSL',
'License :: OSI Approved :: Python License (CNRI Python License)': 'CNRI-Python',
'License :: OSI Approved :: Python Software Foundation License': 'PSF',
'License :: OSI Approved :: Qt Public License (QPL)': 'QPL',
'License :: OSI Approved :: Ricoh Source Code Public License': 'RSCPL',
'License :: OSI Approved :: Sleepycat License': 'Sleepycat',
'License :: OSI Approved :: Sun Industry Standards Source License (SISSL)': '-- Sun Industry Standards Source License (SISSL)',
'License :: OSI Approved :: Sun Public License': 'SPL',
'License :: OSI Approved :: University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License': 'NCSA',
'License :: OSI Approved :: Vovida Software License 1.0': 'VSL-1.0',
'License :: OSI Approved :: W3C License': 'W3C',
'License :: OSI Approved :: X.Net License': 'Xnet',
'License :: OSI Approved :: Zope Public License': 'ZPL',
'License :: OSI Approved :: zlib/libpng License': 'Zlib',
}
def __init__(self):
pass
def process(self, srctree, classes, lines_before, lines_after, handled, extravalues):
if 'buildsystem' in handled:
return False
if not RecipeHandler.checkfiles(srctree, ['setup.py']):
return
# setup.py is always parsed to get at certain required information, such as
# distutils vs setuptools
#
# If egg info is available, we use it for both its PKG-INFO metadata
# and for its requires.txt for install_requires.
# If PKG-INFO is available but no egg info is, we use that for metadata in preference to
# the parsed setup.py, but use the install_requires info from the
# parsed setup.py.
setupscript = os.path.join(srctree, 'setup.py')
try:
setup_info, uses_setuptools, setup_non_literals, extensions = self.parse_setup_py(setupscript)
except Exception:
logger.exception("Failed to parse setup.py")
setup_info, uses_setuptools, setup_non_literals, extensions = {}, True, [], []
egginfo = glob.glob(os.path.join(srctree, '*.egg-info'))
if egginfo:
info = self.get_pkginfo(os.path.join(egginfo[0], 'PKG-INFO'))
requires_txt = os.path.join(egginfo[0], 'requires.txt')
if os.path.exists(requires_txt):
with codecs.open(requires_txt) as f:
inst_req = []
extras_req = collections.defaultdict(list)
current_feature = None
for line in f.readlines():
line = line.rstrip()
if not line:
continue
if line.startswith('['):
current_feature = line[1:-1]
elif current_feature:
extras_req[current_feature].append(line)
else:
inst_req.append(line)
info['Install-requires'] = inst_req
info['Extras-require'] = extras_req
elif RecipeHandler.checkfiles(srctree, ['PKG-INFO']):
info = self.get_pkginfo(os.path.join(srctree, 'PKG-INFO'))
if setup_info:
if 'Install-requires' in setup_info:
info['Install-requires'] = setup_info['Install-requires']
if 'Extras-require' in setup_info:
info['Extras-require'] = setup_info['Extras-require']
else:
if setup_info:
info = setup_info
else:
info = self.get_setup_args_info(setupscript)
self.apply_info_replacements(info)
if uses_setuptools:
classes.append('setuptools')
else:
classes.append('distutils')
if 'Classifier' in info:
licenses = []
for classifier in info['Classifier']:
if classifier in self.classifier_license_map:
license = self.classifier_license_map[classifier]
licenses.append(license)
if licenses:
info['License'] = ' & '.join(licenses)
# Map PKG-INFO & setup.py fields to bitbake variables
bbinfo = {}
for field, values in info.iteritems():
if field in self.excluded_fields:
continue
if field not in self.bbvar_map:
continue
if isinstance(values, basestring):
value = values
else:
value = ' '.join(str(v) for v in values if v)
bbvar = self.bbvar_map[field]
if bbvar not in bbinfo and value:
bbinfo[bbvar] = value
comment_lic_line = None
for pos, line in enumerate(list(lines_before)):
if line.startswith('#') and 'LICENSE' in line:
comment_lic_line = pos
elif line.startswith('LICENSE =') and 'LICENSE' in bbinfo:
if line in ('LICENSE = "Unknown"', 'LICENSE = "CLOSED"'):
lines_before[pos] = 'LICENSE = "{}"'.format(bbinfo['LICENSE'])
if line == 'LICENSE = "CLOSED"' and comment_lic_line:
lines_before[comment_lic_line:pos] = [
'# WARNING: the following LICENSE value is a best guess - it is your',
'# responsibility to verify that the value is complete and correct.'
]
del bbinfo['LICENSE']
src_uri_line = None
for pos, line in enumerate(lines_before):
if line.startswith('SRC_URI ='):
src_uri_line = pos
if bbinfo:
mdinfo = ['']
for k in sorted(bbinfo):
v = bbinfo[k]
mdinfo.append('{} = "{}"'.format(k, v))
if src_uri_line:
lines_before[src_uri_line-1:src_uri_line-1] = mdinfo
else:
lines_before.extend(mdinfo)
mapped_deps, unmapped_deps = self.scan_setup_python_deps(srctree, setup_info, setup_non_literals)
extras_req = set()
if 'Extras-require' in info:
extras_req = info['Extras-require']
if extras_req:
lines_after.append('# The following configs & dependencies are from setuptools extras_require.')
lines_after.append('# These dependencies are optional, hence can be controlled via PACKAGECONFIG.')
lines_after.append('# The upstream names may not correspond exactly to bitbake package names.')
lines_after.append('#')
lines_after.append('# Uncomment this line to enable all the optional features.')
lines_after.append('#PACKAGECONFIG ?= "{}"'.format(' '.join(k.lower() for k in extras_req.iterkeys())))
for feature, feature_reqs in extras_req.iteritems():
unmapped_deps.difference_update(feature_reqs)
feature_req_deps = ('python-' + r.replace('.', '-').lower() for r in sorted(feature_reqs))
lines_after.append('PACKAGECONFIG[{}] = ",,,{}"'.format(feature.lower(), ' '.join(feature_req_deps)))
inst_reqs = set()
if 'Install-requires' in info:
if extras_req:
lines_after.append('')
inst_reqs = info['Install-requires']
if inst_reqs:
unmapped_deps.difference_update(inst_reqs)
inst_req_deps = ('python-' + r.replace('.', '-').lower() for r in sorted(inst_reqs))
lines_after.append('# WARNING: the following rdepends are from setuptools install_requires. These')
lines_after.append('# upstream names may not correspond exactly to bitbake package names.')
lines_after.append('RDEPENDS_${{PN}} += "{}"'.format(' '.join(inst_req_deps)))
if mapped_deps:
name = info.get('Name')
if name and name[0] in mapped_deps:
# Attempt to avoid self-reference
mapped_deps.remove(name[0])
mapped_deps -= set(self.excluded_pkgdeps)
if inst_reqs or extras_req:
lines_after.append('')
lines_after.append('# WARNING: the following rdepends are determined through basic analysis of the')
lines_after.append('# python sources, and might not be 100% accurate.')
lines_after.append('RDEPENDS_${{PN}} += "{}"'.format(' '.join(sorted(mapped_deps))))
unmapped_deps -= set(extensions)
unmapped_deps -= set(self.assume_provided)
if unmapped_deps:
if mapped_deps:
lines_after.append('')
lines_after.append('# WARNING: We were unable to map the following python package/module')
lines_after.append('# dependencies to the bitbake packages which include them:')
lines_after.extend('# {}'.format(d) for d in sorted(unmapped_deps))
handled.append('buildsystem')
def get_pkginfo(self, pkginfo_fn):
msg = email.message_from_file(open(pkginfo_fn, 'r'))
msginfo = {}
for field in msg.keys():
values = msg.get_all(field)
if len(values) == 1:
msginfo[field] = values[0]
else:
msginfo[field] = values
return msginfo
def parse_setup_py(self, setupscript='./setup.py'):
with codecs.open(setupscript) as f:
info, imported_modules, non_literals, extensions = gather_setup_info(f)
def _map(key):
key = key.replace('_', '-')
key = key[0].upper() + key[1:]
if key in self.setup_parse_map:
key = self.setup_parse_map[key]
return key
# Naive mapping of setup() arguments to PKG-INFO field names
for d in [info, non_literals]:
for key, value in d.items():
new_key = _map(key)
if new_key != key:
del d[key]
d[new_key] = value
return info, 'setuptools' in imported_modules, non_literals, extensions
def get_setup_args_info(self, setupscript='./setup.py'):
cmd = ['python', setupscript]
info = {}
keys = set(self.bbvar_map.keys())
keys |= set(self.setuparg_list_fields)
keys |= set(self.setuparg_multi_line_values)
grouped_keys = itertools.groupby(keys, lambda k: (k in self.setuparg_list_fields, k in self.setuparg_multi_line_values))
for index, keys in grouped_keys:
if index == (True, False):
# Splitlines output for each arg as a list value
for key in keys:
arg = self.setuparg_map.get(key, key.lower())
try:
arg_info = self.run_command(cmd + ['--' + arg], cwd=os.path.dirname(setupscript))
except (OSError, subprocess.CalledProcessError):
pass
else:
info[key] = [l.rstrip() for l in arg_info.splitlines()]
elif index == (False, True):
# Entire output for each arg
for key in keys:
arg = self.setuparg_map.get(key, key.lower())
try:
arg_info = self.run_command(cmd + ['--' + arg], cwd=os.path.dirname(setupscript))
except (OSError, subprocess.CalledProcessError):
pass
else:
info[key] = arg_info
else:
info.update(self.get_setup_byline(list(keys), setupscript))
return info
def get_setup_byline(self, fields, setupscript='./setup.py'):
info = {}
cmd = ['python', setupscript]
cmd.extend('--' + self.setuparg_map.get(f, f.lower()) for f in fields)
try:
info_lines = self.run_command(cmd, cwd=os.path.dirname(setupscript)).splitlines()
except (OSError, subprocess.CalledProcessError):
pass
else:
if len(fields) != len(info_lines):
logger.error('Mismatch between setup.py output lines and number of fields')
sys.exit(1)
for lineno, line in enumerate(info_lines):
line = line.rstrip()
info[fields[lineno]] = line
return info
def apply_info_replacements(self, info):
for variable, search, replace in self.replacements:
if variable not in info:
continue
def replace_value(search, replace, value):
if replace is None:
if re.search(search, value):
return None
else:
new_value = re.sub(search, replace, value)
if value != new_value:
return new_value
return value
value = info[variable]
if isinstance(value, basestring):
new_value = replace_value(search, replace, value)
if new_value is None:
del info[variable]
elif new_value != value:
info[variable] = new_value
elif hasattr(value, 'iteritems'):
for dkey, dvalue in value.iteritems():
new_list = []
for pos, a_value in enumerate(dvalue):
new_value = replace_value(search, replace, a_value)
if new_value is not None and new_value != value:
new_list.append(new_value)
if value != new_list:
value[dkey] = new_list
else:
new_list = []
for pos, a_value in enumerate(value):
new_value = replace_value(search, replace, a_value)
if new_value is not None and new_value != value:
new_list.append(new_value)
if value != new_list:
info[variable] = new_list
def scan_setup_python_deps(self, srctree, setup_info, setup_non_literals):
if 'Package-dir' in setup_info:
package_dir = setup_info['Package-dir']
else:
package_dir = {}
class PackageDir(distutils.command.build_py.build_py):
def __init__(self, package_dir):
self.package_dir = package_dir
pd = PackageDir(package_dir)
to_scan = []
if not any(v in setup_non_literals for v in ['Py-modules', 'Scripts', 'Packages']):
if 'Py-modules' in setup_info:
for module in setup_info['Py-modules']:
try:
package, module = module.rsplit('.', 1)
except ValueError:
package, module = '.', module
module_path = os.path.join(pd.get_package_dir(package), module + '.py')
to_scan.append(module_path)
if 'Packages' in setup_info:
for package in setup_info['Packages']:
to_scan.append(pd.get_package_dir(package))
if 'Scripts' in setup_info:
to_scan.extend(setup_info['Scripts'])
else:
logger.info("Scanning the entire source tree, as one or more of the following setup keywords are non-literal: py_modules, scripts, packages.")
if not to_scan:
to_scan = ['.']
logger.info("Scanning paths for packages & dependencies: %s", ', '.join(to_scan))
provided_packages = self.parse_pkgdata_for_python_packages()
scanned_deps = self.scan_python_dependencies([os.path.join(srctree, p) for p in to_scan])
mapped_deps, unmapped_deps = set(self.base_pkgdeps), set()
for dep in scanned_deps:
mapped = provided_packages.get(dep)
if mapped:
mapped_deps.add(mapped)
else:
unmapped_deps.add(dep)
return mapped_deps, unmapped_deps
def scan_python_dependencies(self, paths):
deps = set()
try:
dep_output = self.run_command(['pythondeps', '-d'] + paths)
except (OSError, subprocess.CalledProcessError):
pass
else:
for line in dep_output.splitlines():
line = line.rstrip()
dep, filename = line.split('\t', 1)
if filename.endswith('/setup.py'):
continue
deps.add(dep)
try:
provides_output = self.run_command(['pythondeps', '-p'] + paths)
except (OSError, subprocess.CalledProcessError):
pass
else:
provides_lines = (l.rstrip() for l in provides_output.splitlines())
provides = set(l for l in provides_lines if l and l != 'setup')
deps -= provides
return deps
def parse_pkgdata_for_python_packages(self):
suffixes = [t[0] for t in imp.get_suffixes()]
pkgdata_dir = tinfoil.config_data.getVar('PKGDATA_DIR', True)
ldata = tinfoil.config_data.createCopy()
bb.parse.handle('classes/python-dir.bbclass', ldata, True)
python_sitedir = ldata.getVar('PYTHON_SITEPACKAGES_DIR', True)
dynload_dir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(python_sitedir), 'lib-dynload')
python_dirs = [python_sitedir + os.sep,
os.path.join(os.path.dirname(python_sitedir), 'dist-packages') + os.sep,
os.path.dirname(python_sitedir) + os.sep]
packages = {}
for pkgdatafile in glob.glob('{}/runtime/*'.format(pkgdata_dir)):
files_info = None
with open(pkgdatafile, 'r') as f:
for line in f.readlines():
field, value = line.split(': ', 1)
if field == 'FILES_INFO':
files_info = ast.literal_eval(value)
break
else:
continue
for fn in files_info.iterkeys():
for suffix in suffixes:
if fn.endswith(suffix):
break
else:
continue
if fn.startswith(dynload_dir + os.sep):
base = os.path.basename(fn)
provided = base.split('.', 1)[0]
packages[provided] = os.path.basename(pkgdatafile)
continue
for python_dir in python_dirs:
if fn.startswith(python_dir):
relpath = fn[len(python_dir):]
relstart, _, relremaining = relpath.partition(os.sep)
if relstart.endswith('.egg'):
relpath = relremaining
base, _ = os.path.splitext(relpath)
if '/.debug/' in base:
continue
if os.path.basename(base) == '__init__':
base = os.path.dirname(base)
base = base.replace(os.sep + os.sep, os.sep)
provided = base.replace(os.sep, '.')
packages[provided] = os.path.basename(pkgdatafile)
return packages
@classmethod
def run_command(cls, cmd, **popenargs):
if 'stderr' not in popenargs:
popenargs['stderr'] = subprocess.STDOUT
try:
return subprocess.check_output(cmd, **popenargs)
except OSError as exc:
logger.error('Unable to run `{}`: {}', ' '.join(cmd), exc)
raise
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as exc:
logger.error('Unable to run `{}`: {}', ' '.join(cmd), exc.output)
raise
def gather_setup_info(fileobj):
parsed = ast.parse(fileobj.read(), fileobj.name)
visitor = SetupScriptVisitor()
visitor.visit(parsed)
non_literals, extensions = {}, []
for key, value in visitor.keywords.items():
if key == 'ext_modules':
if isinstance(value, list):
for ext in value:
if (isinstance(ext, ast.Call) and
isinstance(ext.func, ast.Name) and
ext.func.id == 'Extension' and
not has_non_literals(ext.args)):
extensions.append(ext.args[0])
elif has_non_literals(value):
non_literals[key] = value
del visitor.keywords[key]
return visitor.keywords, visitor.imported_modules, non_literals, extensions
class SetupScriptVisitor(ast.NodeVisitor):
def __init__(self):
ast.NodeVisitor.__init__(self)
self.keywords = {}
self.non_literals = []
self.imported_modules = set()
def visit_Expr(self, node):
if isinstance(node.value, ast.Call) and \
isinstance(node.value.func, ast.Name) and \
node.value.func.id == 'setup':
self.visit_setup(node.value)
def visit_setup(self, node):
call = LiteralAstTransform().visit(node)
self.keywords = call.keywords
for k, v in self.keywords.iteritems():
if has_non_literals(v):
self.non_literals.append(k)
def visit_Import(self, node):
for alias in node.names:
self.imported_modules.add(alias.name)
def visit_ImportFrom(self, node):
self.imported_modules.add(node.module)
class LiteralAstTransform(ast.NodeTransformer):
"""Simplify the ast through evaluation of literals."""
excluded_fields = ['ctx']
def visit(self, node):
if not isinstance(node, ast.AST):
return node
else:
return ast.NodeTransformer.visit(self, node)
def generic_visit(self, node):
try:
return ast.literal_eval(node)
except ValueError:
for field, value in ast.iter_fields(node):
if field in self.excluded_fields:
delattr(node, field)
if value is None:
continue
if isinstance(value, list):
if field in ('keywords', 'kwargs'):
new_value = dict((kw.arg, self.visit(kw.value)) for kw in value)
else:
new_value = [self.visit(i) for i in value]
else:
new_value = self.visit(value)
setattr(node, field, new_value)
return node
def visit_Name(self, node):
if hasattr('__builtins__', node.id):
return getattr(__builtins__, node.id)
else:
return self.generic_visit(node)
def visit_Tuple(self, node):
return tuple(self.visit(v) for v in node.elts)
def visit_List(self, node):
return [self.visit(v) for v in node.elts]
def visit_Set(self, node):
return set(self.visit(v) for v in node.elts)
def visit_Dict(self, node):
keys = (self.visit(k) for k in node.keys)
values = (self.visit(v) for v in node.values)
return dict(zip(keys, values))
def has_non_literals(value):
if isinstance(value, ast.AST):
return True
elif isinstance(value, basestring):
return False
elif hasattr(value, 'itervalues'):
return any(has_non_literals(v) for v in value.itervalues())
elif hasattr(value, '__iter__'):
return any(has_non_literals(v) for v in value)
def register_recipe_handlers(handlers):
# We need to make sure this is ahead of the makefile fallback handler
handlers.insert(0, PythonRecipeHandler())
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