summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/documentation/yocto-project-qs/yocto-project-qs.xml
blob: b069b3d459b9f0ed04657be3f4e250de9bc06f93 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >

<article id='yocto-project-qs-intro'>
    <articleinfo>
        <title>Yocto Project Quick Start</title>

        <copyright>
            <year>&COPYRIGHT_YEAR;</year>
            <holder>Linux Foundation</holder>
        </copyright>

        <legalnotice>
            <para>
                Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under
                the terms of the <ulink type="http" url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/uk/">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England &amp; Wales</ulink> as published by Creative Commons.
            </para>
            <note><title>Manual Notes</title>
                <itemizedlist>
                    <listitem><para>
                        For the latest version of the Yocto Project Quick
                        Start associated with this Yocto Project release
                        (version &YOCTO_DOC_VERSION;),
                        see the Yocto Project Quick Start from the
                        <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/documentation'>Yocto Project documentation page</ulink>.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>
                        This version of the manual is version
                        &YOCTO_DOC_VERSION;.
                        For later releases of the Yocto Project (if they exist),
                        go to the
                        <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/documentation'>Yocto Project documentation page</ulink>
                        and use the drop-down "Active Releases" button
                        and choose the Yocto Project version for which you want
                        the manual.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>
                        For an in-development version of the Yocto Project
                        Quick Start, see
                        <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_URL;/latest/yocto-project-qs/yocto-project-qs.html'></ulink>.
                        </para></listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
            </note>
        </legalnotice>


        <abstract>
            <imagedata fileref="figures/yocto-project-transp.png"
                        width="6in" depth="1in"
                        align="right" scale="25" />
        </abstract>
    </articleinfo>

    <section id='welcome'>
        <title>Welcome!</title>
        <para>
            Welcome to the Yocto Project!
            The Yocto Project is an open-source collaboration project whose
            focus is developers of embedded Linux systems.
            Among other things, the Yocto Project uses a build host based
            on the OpenEmbedded (OE) project, which uses the
            <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#bitbake-term'>BitBake</ulink>
            tool, to construct complete Linux images.
            The BitBake and OE components are combined together to form
            a reference build host, historically known as
            <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#poky'>Poky</ulink>
            (<emphasis>Pah</emphasis>-key).
        </para>

        <para>
            If you do not have a system that runs Linux and you want to give
            the Yocto Project a test run, you might consider using the Yocto
            Project Build Appliance.
            The Build Appliance allows you to build and boot a custom embedded
            Linux image with the Yocto Project using a non-Linux development
            system.
            See the
            <ulink url='https://www.yoctoproject.org/tools-resources/projects/build-appliance'>Yocto Project Build Appliance</ulink>
            for more information.
        </para>

        <para>
            This quick start is written so that you can quickly get a
            build host set up to use the Yocto Project and then build some
            Linux images.
            Rather than go into great detail about the Yocto Project and its
            many capabilities, this quick start provides the minimal
            information you need to try out the Yocto Project using a
            supported Linux build host.
            Reading and using the quick start should result in you having a
            basic understanding of what the Yocto Project is and how to use
            some of its core components.
            You will also have worked through steps to produce two images:
            one that is suitable for emulation and one that boots on actual
            hardware.
            The examples highlight the ease with which you can use the
            Yocto Project to create images for multiple types of hardware.
        </para>

        <para>
            For more detailed information on the Yocto Project, you can
            reference these resources:
            <itemizedlist>
                <listitem><para><emphasis>Website:</emphasis>
                    The
                    <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;'>Yocto Project Website</ulink>
                    provides the latest builds, breaking news, full development
                    documentation, and access to a rich Yocto Project
                    Development Community into which you can tap.
                    </para></listitem>
                <listitem><para><emphasis>FAQs:</emphasis>
                    Lists commonly asked Yocto Project questions and answers.
                    You can find two FAQs:
                    <ulink url='&YOCTO_WIKI_URL;/wiki/FAQ'>Yocto Project FAQ</ulink>
                    on a wiki, and the
                    "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#faq'>FAQ</ulink>"
                    chapter in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
                    </para></listitem>
                <listitem><para><emphasis>Developer Screencast:</emphasis>
                    The
                    <ulink url='http://vimeo.com/36450321'>Getting Started with the Yocto Project - New Developer Screencast Tutorial</ulink>
                    provides a 30-minute video created for users unfamiliar
                    with the Yocto Project but familiar with Linux build
                    hosts.
                    While this screencast is somewhat dated, the introductory
                    and fundamental concepts are useful for the beginner.
                    </para></listitem>
            </itemizedlist>
        </para>
    </section>

    <section id='yp-intro'>
        <title>Introducing the Yocto Project Development Environment</title>

        <para>
            The Yocto Project through the OpenEmbedded build system provides an
            open source development environment targeting the ARM, MIPS,
            PowerPC, and x86 architectures for a variety of platforms
            including x86-64 and emulated ones.
            You can use components from the Yocto Project to design, develop,
            build, debug, simulate, and test the complete software stack using
            Linux, the X Window System, GTK+ frameworks, and Qt frameworks.
        </para>

        <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="figures/yocto-environment.png"
                    format="PNG" align='center' width="8in"/>
            </imageobject>
         </mediaobject>

        <para>
            Here are some highlights for the Yocto Project:
        </para>

        <itemizedlist>
            <listitem><para>
                Provides a recent Linux kernel along with a set of system
                commands and libraries suitable for the embedded
                environment.
                </para></listitem>
            <listitem><para>
                Makes available system components such as X11, GTK+, Qt,
                Clutter, and SDL (among others) so you can create a rich user
                experience on devices that have display hardware.
                For devices that do not have a display or where you wish to
                use alternative UI frameworks, these components need not be
                installed.
                </para></listitem>
            <listitem><para>
                Creates a focused and stable core compatible with the
                OpenEmbedded project with which you can easily and reliably
                build and develop.
                </para></listitem>
            <listitem><para>
                Fully supports a wide range of hardware and device emulation
                through the Quick EMUlator (QEMU).
                </para></listitem>
            <listitem><para>
                Provides a layer mechanism that allows you to easily extend
                the system, make customizations, and keep them organized.
                </para></listitem>
        </itemizedlist>

        <para>
            You can use the Yocto Project to generate images for many kinds
            of devices.
            As mentioned earlier, the Yocto Project supports creation of
            reference images that you can boot within and emulate using QEMU.
            The standard example machines target QEMU full-system
            emulation for 32-bit and 64-bit variants of x86, ARM, MIPS, and
            PowerPC architectures.
            Beyond emulation, you can use the layer mechanism to extend
            support to just about any platform that Linux can run on and that
            a toolchain can target.
        </para>

        <para>
            Another Yocto Project feature is the Sato reference User
            Interface.
            This optional UI that is based on GTK+ is intended for devices with
            restricted screen sizes and is included as part of the
            OpenEmbedded Core layer so that developers can test parts of the
            software stack.
        </para>
    </section>

    <section id='yp-resources'>
        <title>Setting Up to Use the Yocto Project</title>

        <para>
            The following list shows what you need in order to use a
            Linux-based build host to use the Yocto Project to build images:
        </para>

        <itemizedlist>
            <listitem><para><emphasis>Build Host</emphasis>
                A build host with a minimum of 50 Gbytes of free disk
                space that is running a supported Linux distribution (i.e.
                recent releases of Fedora, openSUSE, CentOS, Debian, or
                Ubuntu).
                </para></listitem>
            <listitem><para><emphasis>Build Host Packages</emphasis>
                Appropriate packages installed on the build host.
                </para></listitem>
            <listitem><para><emphasis>The Yocto Project</emphasis>
                A release of the Yocto Project.
                </para></listitem>
        </itemizedlist>

        <section id='the-linux-distro'>
            <title>The Linux Distribution</title>

            <para>
                The Yocto Project team verifies each release against recent
                versions of the most popular Linux distributions that
                provide stable releases.
                In general, if you have the current release minus one of the
                following distributions, you should have no problems.
                <itemizedlist>
                    <listitem><para>
                        Ubuntu
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>
                        Fedora
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>
                        openSUSE
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>
                        CentOS
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>
                        Debian
                        </para></listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
                For a more detailed list of distributions that support the
                Yocto Project, see the
                "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#detailed-supported-distros'>Supported Linux Distributions</ulink>"
                section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
            </para>

            <para>
                The OpenEmbedded build system should be able to run on any
                modern distribution that has the following versions for
                Git, tar, and Python.
                <itemizedlist>
                    <listitem><para>
                        Git 1.8.3.1 or greater
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>
                        tar 1.24 or greater
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>
                        Python 3.4.0 or greater.
                        </para></listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
                If your build host does not meet any of these three listed
                version requirements, you can take steps to prepare the
                system so that you can still use the Yocto Project.
                See the
                "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#required-git-tar-and-python-versions'>Required Git, tar, and Python Versions</ulink>"
                section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual for information.
            </para>
        </section>

        <section id='packages'>
            <title>The Build Host Packages</title>

            <para>
                Required build host packages vary depending on your
                build machine and what you want to do with the Yocto Project.
                For example, if you want to build an image that can run
                on QEMU in graphical mode (a minimal, basic build
                requirement), then the build host package requirements
                are different than if you want to build an image on a headless
                system or build out the Yocto Project documentation set.
            </para>

            <para>
                Collectively, the number of required packages is large
                if you want to be able to cover all cases.
                <note>
                    In general, you need to have root access and then install
                    the required packages.
                    Thus, the commands in the following section may or may
                    not work depending on whether or not your Linux
                    distribution has <filename>sudo</filename> installed.
                </note>
            </para>

            <para>
                The following list shows the required packages needed to build
                an image that runs on QEMU in graphical mode (e.g. essential
                plus graphics support).
                For lists of required packages for other scenarios, see the
                "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#required-packages-for-the-host-development-system'>Required Packages for the Host Development System</ulink>"
                section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
                <itemizedlist>
                    <listitem><para><emphasis>Ubuntu and Debian</emphasis>
                        <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ sudo apt-get install &UBUNTU_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL; libsdl1.2-dev xterm
                        </literallayout>
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><emphasis>Fedora</emphasis>
                        <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ sudo dnf install &FEDORA_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL; SDL-devel xterm
                        </literallayout>
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><emphasis>OpenSUSE</emphasis>
                        <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ sudo zypper install &OPENSUSE_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL; libSDL-devel xterm
                        </literallayout>
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><emphasis>CentOS</emphasis>
                        <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ sudo yum install &CENTOS_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL; SDL-devel xterm
                        </literallayout>
                        <note><title>Notes</title>
                            <itemizedlist>
                                <listitem><para>
                                    CentOS 6.x users need to ensure that the
                                    required versions of Git, tar and Python
                                    are available.
                                    For details, See the
                                    "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#required-git-tar-and-python-versions'>Required Git, tar, and Python Versions</ulink>"
                                    section in the Yocto Project Reference
                                    Manual for information.
                                    </para></listitem>
                                <listitem><para>
                                    Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux
                                    (i.e. <filename>epel-release</filename>)
                                    is a collection of packages from Fedora
                                    built on RHEL/CentOS for easy installation
                                    of packages not included in enterprise
                                    Linux by default.
                                    You need to install these packages
                                    separately.
                                    </para></listitem>
                                <listitem><para>
                                    The <filename>makecache</filename> command
                                    consumes additional Metadata from
                                    <filename>epel-release</filename>.
                                    </para></listitem>
                            </itemizedlist>
                        </note>
                        </para></listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
            </para>
        </section>

        <section id='releases'>
            <title>Yocto Project Release</title>

            <para>
                The last requirement you need to meet before using the
                Yocto Project is getting a Yocto Project release.
                It is recommended that you get the latest Yocto Project release
                by setting up (cloning in
                <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#git'>Git</ulink> terms) a
                local copy of the <filename>poky</filename> Git repository on
                your build host and then checking out the latest release.
                Doing so allows you to easily update to newer Yocto Project
                releases as well as contribute back to the Yocto Project.
            </para>

            <para>
                Here is an example from an Ubuntu build host that clones the
                <filename>poky</filename> repository and then checks out the
                latest Yocto Project Release (i.e. &DISTRO;):
                <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky
     Cloning into 'poky'...
     remote: Counting objects: 361782, done.
     remote: Compressing objects: 100% (87100/87100), done.
     remote: Total 361782 (delta 268619), reused 361439 (delta 268277)
     Receiving objects: 100% (361782/361782), 131.94 MiB | 6.88 MiB/s, done.
     Resolving deltas: 100% (268619/268619), done.
     Checking connectivity... done.
     $ git checkout &DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;
                </literallayout>
                You can also get the Yocto Project Files by downloading
                Yocto Project releases from the
                <ulink url="&YOCTO_HOME_URL;">Yocto Project website</ulink>.
            </para>

            <para>
                For more information on getting set up with the Yocto Project
                release, see the
                "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#local-yp-release'>Yocto Project Release</ulink>"
                item in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
            </para>
        </section>
    </section>

    <section id='qs-building-images'>
        <title>Building Images</title>

        <para>
            Now that you have your system requirements in order, you can give
            Yocto Project a try.
            You can try out Yocto Project using either the command-line
            interface or using Toaster, which uses a graphical user
            interface.
            If you want to try out the Yocto Project using a GUI, see the
            <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_TOAST_URL;'>Toaster User Manual</ulink>
            for information on how to install and set up Toaster.
        </para>

        <para>
            To use the Yocto Project through the command-line interface,
            finish this quick start, which presents steps that let you
            do the following:
            <itemizedlist>
                <listitem><para>
                    Build a <filename>qemux86</filename> reference image
                    and run it in the QEMU emulator.
                    </para></listitem>
                <listitem><para>
                    Easily change configurations so that you can quickly
                    create a second image that you can load onto bootable
                    media and actually boot target hardware.
                    This example uses the MinnowBoard
                    MAX-compatible boards.
                    </para></listitem>
            </itemizedlist>
            <note>
                The steps in the following two sections do not provide detail,
                but rather provide minimal, working commands and examples
                designed to just get you started.
                For more details, see the appropriate manuals in the
                <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/documentation'>Yocto Project manual set</ulink>.
            </note>
        </para>

        <section id='building-an-image-for-emulation'>
            <title>Building an Image for Emulation</title>

            <para>
                Use the following commands to build your image.
                The OpenEmbedded build system creates an entire Linux
                distribution, including the toolchain, from source.
                <note><title>Note about Network Proxies</title>
                    <para>
                        By default, the build process searches for source code
                        using a pre-determined order through a set of
                        locations.
                        If you are working behind a firewall and your build
                        host is not set up for proxies, you could encounter
                        problems with the build process when fetching source
                        code (e.g. fetcher failures or Git failures).
                    </para>

                    <para>
                        If you do not know your proxy settings, consult your
                        local network infrastructure resources and get that
                        information.
                        A good starting point could also be to check your web
                        browser settings.
                        Finally, you can find more information on using the
                        Yocto Project behind a firewall in the Yocto Project
                        Reference Manual
                        <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#how-does-the-yocto-project-obtain-source-code-and-will-it-work-behind-my-firewall-or-proxy-server'>FAQ</ulink>
                        and on the
                        "<ulink url='https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/Working_Behind_a_Network_Proxy'>Working Behind a Network Proxy</ulink>"
                        wiki page.
                    </para>
                </note>
            </para>

            <para>
                <orderedlist>
                    <listitem><para><emphasis>Be Sure Your Build Host is Set Up:</emphasis>
                        The steps to build an image in this section depend on
                        your build host being properly set up.
                        Be sure you have worked through the requirements
                        described in the
                        "<link linkend='yp-resources'>Setting Up to Use the Yocto Project</link>"
                        section.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><emphasis>Check Out Your Branch:</emphasis>
                        Be sure you are in the
                        <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
                        (e.g. <filename>poky</filename>) and then check out
                        the branch associated with the latest Yocto Project
                        Release:
                        <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ cd ~/poky
     $ git checkout -b &DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP; origin/&DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;
                        </literallayout>
                        Git's <filename>checkout</filename> command checks out
                        the current Yocto Project release into a local branch
                        whose name matches the release (i.e.
                        <filename>&DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;</filename>).
                        The local branch tracks the upstream branch of the
                        same name.
                        Creating your own branch based on the released
                        branch ensures you are using the latest files for
                        that release.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><emphasis>Initialize the Build Environment:</emphasis>
                        Run the
                        <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></ulink>
                        environment setup script to define the OpenEmbedded
                        build environment on your build host.
                        <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ source &OE_INIT_FILE;
                        </literallayout>
                        Among other things, the script creates the
                        <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>,
                        which is <filename>build</filename> in this case
                        and is located in the
                        <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
                        After the script runs, your current working directory
                        is set to the Build Directory.
                        Later, when the build completes, the Build Directory
                        contains all the files created during the build.
                        <note>
                            For information on running a memory-resident
                            <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#usingpoky-components-bitbake'>BitBake</ulink>,
                            see the
                            <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></ulink>
                            setup script.
                        </note>
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><emphasis>Examine Your Local Configuration File:</emphasis>
                        When you set up the build environment, a local
                        configuration file named
                        <filename>local.conf</filename> becomes available in
                        a <filename>conf</filename> subdirectory of the
                        Build Directory.
                        Before using BitBake to start the build, you can
                        look at this file and be sure your general
                        configurations are how you want them:
                        <itemizedlist>
                            <listitem><para>
                                To help conserve disk space during builds,
                                you can add the following statement to your
                                project's configuration file, which for this
                                example is
                                <filename>poky/build/conf/local.conf</filename>.
                                Adding this statement deletes the work
                                directory used for building a recipe once the
                                recipe is built.
                                <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     INHERIT += "rm_work"
                                </literallayout>
                                </para></listitem>
                            <listitem><para>
                                By default, the target machine for the build is
                                <filename>qemux86</filename>,
                                which produces an image that can be used in
                                the QEMU emulator and is targeted at an
                                <trademark class='registered'>Intel</trademark>
                                32-bit based architecture.
                                Further on in this example, this default is
                                easily changed through the
                                <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink>
                                variable so that you can quickly
                                build an image for a different machine.
                                </para></listitem>
                            <listitem><para>
                                Another consideration before you build is the
                                package manager used when creating the image.
                                The default <filename>local.conf</filename>
                                file selects the RPM package manager.
                                You can control this configuration by using the
                                <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PACKAGE_CLASSES'><filename>PACKAGE_CLASSES</filename></ulink></filename>
                                variable.</para>
                                <para>Selection of the package manager is separate
                                from whether package management is used at runtime
                                in the target image.</para>
                                <para>For additional package manager selection
                                information, see the
                                "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-package'><filename>package.bbclass</filename></ulink>"
                                section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
                                </para></listitem>
                        </itemizedlist>
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><emphasis>Start the Build:</emphasis>
                        Continue with the following command to build an OS image
                        for the target, which is
                        <filename>core-image-sato</filename> in this example:
                        <note>
                            Depending on the number of processors and cores, the
                            amount of RAM, the speed of your Internet connection
                            and other factors, the build process could take
                            several hours the first time you run it.
                            Subsequent builds run much faster since parts of the
                            build are cached.
                        </note>
                        <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ bitbake core-image-sato
                        </literallayout>
                        <note>
                            <para>
                                If you experience a build error due to resources
                                temporarily being unavailable and it appears you
                                should not be having this issue, it might be due
                                to the combination of a 4.3+ Linux kernel and
                                <filename>systemd</filename> version 228+
                                (i.e. see this
                                <ulink url='http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/253903/creating-threads-fails-with-resource-temporarily-unavailable-with-4-3-kernel'>link</ulink>
                                for information).
                            </para>

                            <para>
                                To work around this issue, you can try either
                                of the following:
                                <itemizedlist>
                                    <listitem><para>
                                        Try the build again.
                                        </para></listitem>
                                    <listitem><para>
                                        Modify the "DefaultTasksMax"
                                        <filename>systemd</filename> parameter
                                        by uncommenting it and setting it to
                                        "infinity".
                                        You can find this parameter in the
                                        <filename>system.conf</filename> file
                                        located in
                                        <filename>/etc/systemd</filename>
                                        on most systems.
                                        </para></listitem>
                                </itemizedlist>
                            </para>
                        </note>
                        For information on using the
                        <filename>bitbake</filename> command, see the
                        "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#usingpoky-components-bitbake'>BitBake</ulink>"
                        section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual, or see the
                        "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;#bitbake-user-manual-command'>BitBake Command</ulink>"
                        section in the BitBake User Manual.
                        For information on other targets, see the
                        "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-images'>Images</ulink>"
                        chapter in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><emphasis>Simulate Your Image Using QEMU:</emphasis>
                        Once this particular image is built, you can start QEMU
                        and run the image:
                        <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ runqemu qemux86
                        </literallayout>
                        If you want to learn more about running QEMU, see the
                        "<ulink url="&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#dev-manual-qemu">Using the Quick EMUlator (QEMU)</ulink>"
                        chapter in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><emphasis>Exit QEMU:</emphasis>
                        Exit QEMU by either clicking on the shutdown icon or by
                        opening a terminal, typing
                        <filename>poweroff</filename>, and then pressing "Enter".
                        </para></listitem>
                </orderedlist>
            </para>
        </section>

        <section id='building-an-image-for-hardware'>
            <title>Building an Image for Hardware</title>

            <para id='qs-minnowboard-example'>
                The following steps show how easy it is to set up to build an
                image for a new machine.
                These steps build an image for the MinnowBoard MAX, which is
                supported by the Yocto Project and the
                <filename>meta-intel</filename> <filename>intel-corei7-64</filename>
                and <filename>intel-core2-32</filename> Board Support Packages
                (BSPs).
                <note>
                    The MinnowBoard MAX ships with 64-bit firmware.
                    If you want to use the board in 32-bit mode, you must
                    download the
                    <ulink url='http://firmware.intel.com/projects/minnowboard-max'>32-bit firmware</ulink>.
                </note>
            </para>

            <para>
                <orderedlist>
                    <listitem><para><emphasis>Create a Local Copy of the
                        <filename>meta-intel</filename> Repository:</emphasis>
                        Building an image for the MinnowBoard MAX requires the
                        <filename>meta-intel</filename> layer.
                        Use the <filename>git clone</filename> command to create
                        a local copy of the repository inside your
                        <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>,
                        which is <filename>poky</filename> in this example:
                        <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ cd $HOME/poky
     $ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/meta-intel
     Cloning into 'meta-intel'...
     remote: Counting objects: 14039, done.
     remote: Compressing objects: 100% (4471/4471), done.
     remote: Total 14039 (delta 8130), reused 13837 (delta 7947)
     Receiving objects: 100% (14039/14039), 4.27 MiB | 3.98 MiB/s, done.
     Resolving deltas: 100% (8130/8130), done.
     Checking connectivity... done.
                        </literallayout>
                        By default when you clone a Git repository, the
                        "master" branch is checked out.
                        Before you build your image that uses the
                        <filename>meta-intel</filename> layer, you must be
                        sure that both repositories
                        (<filename>meta-intel</filename> and
                        <filename>poky</filename>) are using the same releases.
                        Consequently, you need to checkout out the
                        "<filename>&DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;</filename>" release after
                        cloning <filename>meta-intel</filename>:
                        <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ cd $HOME/poky/meta-intel
     $ git checkout &DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;
     Branch &DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP; set up to track remote branch &DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP; from origin.
     Switched to a new branch '&DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;'
                        </literallayout>
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><emphasis>Configure the Build:</emphasis>
                        To configure the build, you edit the
                        <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> and
                        <filename>local.conf</filename> files, both of which are
                        located in the <filename>build/conf</filename> directory.
                        </para>

                        <para>Here is a quick way to make the edits.
                        The first command uses the
                        <filename>bitbake-layers add-layer</filename> command
                        to add the <filename>meta-intel</filename>
                        layer, which contains the <filename>intel-core*</filename>
                        BSPs to the build.
                        The second command selects the BSP by setting the
                        <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink>
                        variable.
                        <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ cd $HOME/poky/build
     $ bitbake-layers add-layer "$HOME/poky/meta-intel"
     $ echo 'MACHINE = "intel-corei7-64"' >> conf/local.conf
                        </literallayout>
                        <note><title>Notes</title>
                        <para>
                            If you want a 64-bit build, use the following:
                            <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ echo 'MACHINE = "intel-corei7-64"' >> conf/local.conf
                            </literallayout>
                        </para>

                        <para>
                            If you want 32-bit images, use the following:
                            <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ echo 'MACHINE = "intel-core2-32"' >> conf/local.conf
                            </literallayout>
                        </para>
                        </note>
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><emphasis>Build an Image for MinnowBoard MAX:</emphasis>
                        The type of image you build depends on your goals.
                        For example, the previous build created a
                        <filename>core-image-sato</filename> image, which is an
                        image with Sato support.
                        It is possible to build many image types for the
                        MinnowBoard MAX.
                        Some possibilities are <filename>core-image-base</filename>,
                        which is a console-only image.
                        Another choice could be a
                        <filename>core-image-full-cmdline</filename>, which is
                        another console-only image but has more full-features
                        Linux system functionality installed.
                        For types of images you can build using the Yocto
                        Project, see the
                        "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-images'>Images</ulink>"
                        chapter in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.</para>
                        <para>Because configuration changes are minimal to set up
                        for this second build, the OpenEmbedded build system can
                        re-use files from previous builds as much as possible.
                        Re-using files means this second build will be much faster
                        than an initial build.
                        For this example, the <filename>core-image-base</filename>
                        image is built:
                        <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ bitbake core-image-base
                        </literallayout>
                        <note>
                            <para>
                                If you experience a build error due to resources
                                temporarily being unavailable and it appears you
                                should not be having this issue, it might be due
                                to the combination of a 4.3+ Linux kernel and
                                <filename>systemd</filename> version 228+
                                (i.e. see this
                                <ulink url='http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/253903/creating-threads-fails-with-resource-temporarily-unavailable-with-4-3-kernel'>link</ulink>
                                for information).
                            </para>

                            <para>
                                To work around this issue, you can try either
                                of the following:
                                <itemizedlist>
                                    <listitem><para>
                                        Try the build again.
                                        </para></listitem>
                                    <listitem><para>
                                        Modify the "DefaultTasksMax"
                                        <filename>systemd</filename> parameter
                                        by uncommenting it and setting it to
                                        "infinity".
                                        You can find this parameter in the
                                        <filename>system.conf</filename> file
                                        located in
                                        <filename>/etc/systemd</filename>
                                        on most systems.
                                        </para></listitem>
                                </itemizedlist>
                            </para>
                        </note>
                        Once the build completes, the resulting console-only image
                        is located in the Build Directory here:
                        <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     tmp/deploy/images/intel-corei7-64/core-image-base-intel-corei7-64.wic
                        </literallayout>
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><emphasis>Write the Image:</emphasis>
                        You can write the image just built to a bootable media
                        (e.g. a USB key, SATA drive, SD card, etc.) using the
                        <filename>dd</filename> utility:
                        <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ sudo dd if=tmp/deploy/images/intel-corei7-64/core-image-base-intel-corei7-64.wic of=TARGET_DEVICE
                        </literallayout>
                        In the previous command, the
                        <filename>TARGET_DEVICE</filename> is the device node in
                        the host machine (e.g. <filename>/dev/sdc</filename>, which
                        is most likely a USB stick, or
                        <filename>/dev/mmcblk0</filename>, which is most likely an
                        SD card).
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><emphasis>Boot the Hardware:</emphasis>
                        With the boot device provisioned, you can insert the
                        media into the MinnowBoard MAX and boot the hardware.
                        The board should automatically detect the media and boot to
                        the bootloader and subsequently the operating system.
                        </para>

                        <para>If the board does not boot automatically, you can
                        boot it manually from the EFI shell as follows:
                        <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     Shell> connect -r
     Shell> map -r
     Shell> fs0:
     Shell> bootx64
                        </literallayout>
                        <note>
                            For a 32-bit image use the following:
                            <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     Shell> bootia32
                            </literallayout>
                        </note>
                        </para></listitem>
                </orderedlist>
            </para>
        </section>
    </section>

    <section id='qs-next-steps'>
        <title>Next Steps</title>

        <para>
            If you completed all the steps in the previous section then
            congratulations!
            What now?
        </para>

        <para>
            Depending on what you primary interests are with the Yocto Project,
            you could consider any of the following:
            <itemizedlist>
                <listitem><para><emphasis>Visit the Yocto Project Web Site:</emphasis>
                    The official
                    <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;'>Yocto Project</ulink>
                    web site contains information on the entire project.
                    Visiting this site is a good way to familiarize yourself
                    with the overall project.
                    </para></listitem>
                <listitem><para><emphasis>Look Through the Yocto Project Development Manual:</emphasis>
                    The
                    <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#dev-manual-intro'>Yocto Project Development Manual</ulink>
                    is a great place to get a feel for how to use the Yocto
                    Project.
                    The manual contains conceptual and procedural information
                    that covers
                    <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#dev-manual-model'>common development models</ulink>
                    and introduces
                    <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#dev-manual-newbie'>the Yocto Project open source development environment</ulink>.
                    The manual also contains several targeted sections that
                    cover specific
                    <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#extendpoky'>common tasks</ulink>
                    such as understanding and creating layers, customizing
                    images, writing new recipes, working with libraries, and
                    configuring and patching the kernel.
                    </para></listitem>
                <listitem><para><emphasis>Look Through the Yocto Project Software Development Kit (SDK) Developer's Guide:</emphasis>
                    The
                    <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_SDK_URL;#sdk-intro'>Yocto Project Software Development Kit (SDK) Developer's Guide</ulink>
                    describes how to use both the
                    <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_SDK_URL;#sdk-using-the-standard-sdk'>standard SDK</ulink>
                    and the
                    <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_SDK_URL;#sdk-extensible'>extensible SDK</ulink>,
                    which are used primarily for application development.
                    This manual also provides an example workflow that uses
                    the popular <trademark class='trade'>Eclipse</trademark>
                    development environment.
                    See the
                    "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_SDK_URL;#workflow-using-eclipse'>Workflow using Eclipse™</ulink>"
                    section.
                    </para></listitem>
                <listitem><para><emphasis>Learn About Board Support Packages (BSPs):</emphasis>
                    If you want to learn about BSPs, see the
                    <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#bsp'>Yocto Project Board Support Packages (BSP) Developer's Guide</ulink>.
                    </para></listitem>
                <listitem><para><emphasis>Learn About Toaster:</emphasis>
                    Toaster is a web interface to the Yocto Project's
                    OpenEmbedded build system.
                    If you are interested in using this type of interface to
                    create images, see the
                    <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_TOAST_URL;#toaster-manual-intro'>Toaster User Manual</ulink>.
                    </para></listitem>
                <listitem><para><emphasis>Have Available the Yocto Project Reference Manual</emphasis>
                    The
                    <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-manual-intro'>Yocto Project Reference Manual</ulink>,
                    unlike the rest of the Yocto Project manual set, is
                    comprised of material suited for reference rather than
                    procedures.
                    You can get
                    <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#usingpoky'>build details</ulink>,
                    a
                    <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#development-concepts'>closer look</ulink>
                    at how the pieces of the Yocto Project development
                    environment work together, information on various
                    <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#technical-details'>technical details</ulink>,
                    guidance on
                    <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#migration'>migrating to a newer Yocto Project release</ulink>,
                    reference material on the
                    <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-structure'>directory structure</ulink>,
                    <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes'>classes</ulink>,
                    and
                    <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks'>tasks</ulink>.
                    The Yocto Project Reference Manual also contains a fairly
                    comprehensive
                    <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-variables-glossary'>glossary of variables</ulink>
                    used within the Yocto Project.
                    </para></listitem>
            </itemizedlist>
        </para>
    </section>
</article>
<!--
vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
-->