path: root/documentation/yocto-project-qs/qs.xml

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[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >

<chapter id='qs'>

    <section id='welcome'>
        <title>Welcome!</title>

        <para>
            Welcome to the Yocto Project!
            The Yocto Project is an open-source collaboration project whose
            focus is developers of embedded Linux systems.
            The Yocto Project provides a development
            environment that eases application, kernel image, and Linux image
            development for embedded hardware systems.
            You can think of the Yocto Project as an umbrella over-arching
            many components, which include a build system, a reference or
            test distribution, and various tools all designed to enhance
            your embedded Linux development experience.
        </para>

        <para>
            The Yocto Project uses a build host based on the OpenEmbedded
            (OE) project, which uses the
            <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#bitbake-term'>BitBake</ulink>
            tool, to construct complete images.
            The BitBake and OE components combine together to form
            a reference build host, historically known as
            <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#poky'>Poky</ulink>
            (<emphasis>Pah</emphasis>-kee).
            Tools exist that facilitate aspects of development such as
            layer creation to isolate your work, emulation for testing
            modules, modification of existing source code, integration of
            new or modified modules into existing images, and so forth.
        </para>

        <para>
            Rather than go into great detail about the Yocto Project and its
            many capabilities, this quick start provides high-level
            practical information that lets you try out the Yocto Project.
            The quick start is written to help introduce you to the Yocto
            Project, get a feel for how to use it to build a Linux image or
            two, and provide you with a "road map" to other areas of interest
            for the new user.
            <note><title>Tips</title>
                <itemizedlist>
                    <listitem><para>
                        For more introductory and conceptual information on the
                        Yocto Project, see the Yocto Project Overview Manual.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>
                        For guidance on where to look for information beyond
                        this quick start, see the
                        "<link linkend='where-to-go-next'>Where To Go Next</link>"
                        section.
                        </para></listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
            </note>
        </para>
     </section>

    <section id='reference-build'>
        <title>Reference Build</title>

        <para>
            This section of the quick start lets you work through setting up
            a build host and then shows you how to build two images: one for
            emulation and one for target hardware.
            The steps do not go into great detail but are rather focused on
            just letting you get set up and quickly experience the Yocto
            Project.
        </para>

        <section id='yp-resources'>
            <title>Setting Up to Use the Yocto Project</title>

            <para>
                Setting up to use the Yocto Project involves getting your build
                host ready.
                If you have a native Linux machine that runs a Yocto Project
                supported distribution as described by the
                "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#detailed-supported-distros'>Supported Linux Distributions</ulink>"
                section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual, you can prepare
                that machine as your build host.
                See the
                "<link linkend='qs-native-linux-build-host'>Using a Native Linux Machine</link>"
                section for more information.
            </para>

            <para>
                If you do not want to use the Yocto Project on a native Linux
                machine, you can prepare your build host to use
                <ulink url='https://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/crops/about/'>CROPS</ulink>,
                which leverages
                <ulink url='https://www.docker.com/'>Docker Containers</ulink>.
                You can set up a build host for Windows, Mac, and Linux
                machines.
                See the
                "<link linkend='qs-crops-build-host'>Using CROPS and Containers</link>"
                section for more information.
            </para>

            <section id='qs-crops-build-host'>
                <title>Using CROPS and Containers</title>

                <para>
                    Follow these steps to get your build host set up with a
                    Poky container that you can use to complete the build
                    examples further down in the Quick Start:
                    <orderedlist>
                        <listitem><para>
                            <emphasis>Set Up to use CROss PlatformS (CROPS):</emphasis>
                            Work through the first six steps of the procedure
                            in the
                            "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#setting-up-to-use-crops'>Setting Up to Use CROss PlatformS (CROPS)</ulink>"
                            section of the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
                            </para></listitem>
                        <listitem><para>
                            <emphasis>Set Up the Poky Container to Use the Yocto Project:</emphasis>
                            Go to
                            <ulink url='https://github.com/crops/poky-container/blob/master/README.md'></ulink>
                            and follow the directions to set up the Poky container
                            on your build host.</para>

                            <para>Once you complete the setup instructions for your
                            machine, you need to get a copy of the
                            <filename>poky</filename> repository on your build
                            host.
                            See the
                            "<link linkend='releases'>Yocto Project Release</link>"
                            section to continue.
                            </para></listitem>
                    </orderedlist>
                </para>
            </section>

            <section id='qs-native-linux-build-host'>
                <title>Using a Native Linux Machine</title>

                <para>
                    The following list shows what you need in order to use a
                    Linux-based build host to use the Yocto Project to build images:
                </para>

                <itemizedlist>
                    <listitem><para><emphasis>Build Host</emphasis>
                        A build host with a minimum of 50 Gbytes of free disk
                        space that is running a supported Linux distribution (i.e.
                        recent releases of Fedora, openSUSE, CentOS, Debian, or
                        Ubuntu).
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><emphasis>Build Host Packages</emphasis>
                        Appropriate packages installed on the build host.
                        </para></listitem>
                </itemizedlist>

                <section id='the-linux-distro'>
                    <title>The Linux Distribution</title>

                    <para>
                        The Yocto Project team verifies each release against recent
                        versions of the most popular Linux distributions that
                        provide stable releases.
                        In general, if you have the current release minus one of the
                        following distributions, you should have no problems.
                        <itemizedlist>
                            <listitem><para>
                                Ubuntu
                                </para></listitem>
                            <listitem><para>
                                Fedora
                                </para></listitem>
                            <listitem><para>
                                openSUSE
                                </para></listitem>
                            <listitem><para>
                                CentOS
                                </para></listitem>
                            <listitem><para>
                                Debian
                                </para></listitem>
                        </itemizedlist>
                        For a more detailed list of distributions that support the
                        Yocto Project, see the
                        "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#detailed-supported-distros'>Supported Linux Distributions</ulink>"
                        section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
                    </para>

                    <para>
                        The OpenEmbedded build system should be able to run on any
                        modern distribution that has the following versions for
                        Git, tar, and Python.
                        <itemizedlist>
                            <listitem><para>
                                Git 1.8.3.1 or greater
                                </para></listitem>
                            <listitem><para>
                                tar 1.27 or greater
                                </para></listitem>
                            <listitem><para>
                                Python 3.4.0 or greater.
                                </para></listitem>
                        </itemizedlist>
                        If your build host does not meet any of these three listed
                        version requirements, you can take steps to prepare the
                        system so that you can still use the Yocto Project.
                        See the
                        "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#required-git-tar-and-python-versions'>Required Git, tar, and Python Versions</ulink>"
                        section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual for information.
                    </para>
                </section>

                <section id='packages'>
                    <title>The Build Host Packages</title>

                    <para>
                        Required build host packages vary depending on your
                        build machine and what you want to do with the Yocto Project.
                        For example, if you want to build an image that can run
                        on QEMU in graphical mode (a minimal, basic build
                        requirement), then the build host package requirements
                        are different than if you want to build an image on a headless
                        system or build out the Yocto Project documentation set.
                    </para>

                    <para>
                        Collectively, the number of required packages is large
                        if you want to be able to cover all cases.
                        <note>
                            In general, you need to have root access and then install
                            the required packages.
                            Thus, the commands in the following section may or may
                            not work depending on whether or not your Linux
                            distribution has <filename>sudo</filename> installed.
                        </note>
                    </para>

                    <para>
                        The following list shows the required packages needed to build
                        an image that runs on QEMU in graphical mode (e.g. essential
                        plus graphics support).
                        For lists of required packages for other scenarios, see the
                        "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#required-packages-for-the-host-development-system'>Required Packages for the Host Development System</ulink>"
                        section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
                        <itemizedlist>
                            <listitem><para><emphasis>Ubuntu and Debian</emphasis>
                                <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ sudo apt-get install &UBUNTU_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL; libsdl1.2-dev xterm
                                </literallayout>
                                </para></listitem>
                            <listitem><para><emphasis>Fedora</emphasis>
                                <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ sudo dnf install &FEDORA_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL; SDL-devel xterm
                                </literallayout>
                                </para></listitem>
                            <listitem><para><emphasis>OpenSUSE</emphasis>
                                <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ sudo zypper install &OPENSUSE_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL; libSDL-devel xterm
                                </literallayout>
                                </para></listitem>
                            <listitem><para><emphasis>CentOS</emphasis>
                                <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ sudo yum install &CENTOS_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL; SDL-devel xterm
                                </literallayout>
                                <note><title>Notes</title>
                                    <itemizedlist>
                                        <listitem><para>
                                            CentOS 6.x users need to ensure that the
                                            required versions of Git, tar and Python
                                            are available.
                                            For details, See the
                                            "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#required-git-tar-and-python-versions'>Required Git, tar, and Python Versions</ulink>"
                                            section in the Yocto Project Reference
                                            Manual for information.
                                            </para></listitem>
                                        <listitem><para>
                                            Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux
                                            (i.e. <filename>epel-release</filename>)
                                            is a collection of packages from Fedora
                                            built on RHEL/CentOS for easy installation
                                            of packages not included in enterprise
                                            Linux by default.
                                            You need to install these packages
                                            separately.
                                            </para></listitem>
                                        <listitem><para>
                                            The <filename>makecache</filename> command
                                            consumes additional Metadata from
                                            <filename>epel-release</filename>.
                                            </para></listitem>
                                    </itemizedlist>
                                </note>
                                </para></listitem>
                        </itemizedlist>
                    </para>
                </section>

                <para>
                    Once you complete the setup instructions for your
                    machine, you need to get a copy of the
                    <filename>poky</filename> repository on your build
                    host.
                    Continue with the
                    "<link linkend='releases'>Yocto Project Release</link>"
                    section.
                </para>
            </section>

            <section id='releases'>
                <title>Yocto Project Release</title>

                <para>
                    Now that your build host has the right packages (native
                    Linux machine) or you have the Poky container set up
                    (CROPS), you need to get a copy of the Yocto Project.
                    It is recommended that you get the latest Yocto Project release
                    by setting up (cloning in
                    <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_OVERVIEW_URL;#git'>Git</ulink>
                    terms) a local copy of the <filename>poky</filename> Git
                    repository on your build host and then checking out the
                    latest release.
                    Doing so allows you to easily update to newer Yocto Project
                    releases as well as contribute back to the Yocto Project.
                </para>

                <para>
                    Here is an example from a native Linux machine that is
                    running Ubuntu.
                    <note>
                        If your build host is using a Poky container, you can
                        use the same Git commands.
                    </note>
                    The following example clones the <filename>poky</filename>
                    repository and then checks out the latest Yocto Project Release
                    by tag (i.e. <filename>&DISTRO_REL_TAG;</filename>):
                    <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky
     Cloning into 'poky'...
     remote: Counting objects: 361782, done.
     remote: Compressing objects: 100% (87100/87100), done.
     remote: Total 361782 (delta 268619), reused 361439 (delta 268277)
     Receiving objects: 100% (361782/361782), 131.94 MiB | 6.88 MiB/s, done.
     Resolving deltas: 100% (268619/268619), done.
     Checking connectivity... done.
     $ git checkout tags/&DISTRO_REL_TAG; -b poky_&DISTRO;
                    </literallayout>
                </para>

                <para>
                    The previous Git <filename>checkout</filename> command
                    creates a local branch named
                    <filename>poky_&DISTRO;</filename>.
                    The files available to you in that branch exactly match the
                    repository's files in the
                    <filename>&DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;</filename>
                    development branch at the time of the Yocto Project &DISTRO;
                    release.
                    <note>
                        Rather than checking out the entire development branch
                        of a release (i.e. the tip), which could be continuously
                        changing while you are doing your development, you would
                        check out a branch based on a release tag as shown in
                        the previous example.
                        Doing so provides you with an unchanging, stable set of
                        files.
                    </note>
                </para>

                <para>
                    For more options and information about accessing Yocto
                    Project related repositories, see the
                    "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#working-with-yocto-project-source-files'>Working With Yocto Project Source Files</ulink>"
                    section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
                </para>
            </section>
        </section>

        <section id='qs-building-images'>
            <title>Building Images</title>

            <para>
                You are now ready to give the Yocto Project a try.
                For this example, you will be using the command line to build
                your images.
                <note>
                    A graphical user interface to the Yocto Project is available
                    through
                    <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#toaster-term'>Toaster</ulink>.
                    See the
                    <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_TOAST_URL;'>Toaster User Manual</ulink>
                    for more information.
                </note>
            </para>

            <para>
                The remainder of this quick start steps you through the
                following:
                <itemizedlist>
                    <listitem><para>
                        Build a <filename>qemux86</filename> reference image
                        and run it in the QEMU emulator.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>
                        Easily change configurations so that you can quickly
                        create a second image that you can load onto bootable
                        media and actually boot target hardware.
                        This example uses the MinnowBoard
                        Turbot-compatible boards.
                        </para></listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
                <note>
                    The steps in the following two sections do not provide detail,
                    but rather provide minimal, working commands and examples
                    designed to just get you started.
                    For more details, see the appropriate manuals in the
                    <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/documentation'>Yocto Project manual set</ulink>.
                </note>
            </para>

            <section id='building-an-image-for-emulation'>
                <title>Building an Image for Emulation</title>

                <para>
                    Use the following commands to build your image.
                    The OpenEmbedded build system creates an entire Linux
                    distribution, including the toolchain, from source.
                    <note><title>Notes about Network Proxies</title>
                        <itemizedlist>
                            <listitem><para>
                                By default, the build process searches for source
                                code using a pre-determined order through a set of
                                locations.
                                If you are working behind a firewall and your build
                                host is not set up for proxies, you could encounter
                                problems with the build process when fetching source
                                code (e.g. fetcher failures or Git failures).
                                </para></listitem>
                            <listitem><para>
                                If you do not know your proxy settings, consult your
                                local network infrastructure resources and get that
                                information.
                                A good starting point could also be to check your
                                web browser settings.
                                Finally, you can find more information on using the
                                Yocto Project behind a firewall in the Yocto Project
                                Reference Manual
                                <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#how-does-the-yocto-project-obtain-source-code-and-will-it-work-behind-my-firewall-or-proxy-server'>FAQ</ulink>
                                and on the
                                "<ulink url='https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/Working_Behind_a_Network_Proxy'>Working Behind a Network Proxy</ulink>"
                                wiki page.
                                </para></listitem>
                        </itemizedlist>
                    </note>
                </para>

                <para>
                    <orderedlist>
                        <listitem><para>
                            <emphasis>Be Sure Your Build Host is Set Up:</emphasis>
                            The steps to build an image in this section depend on
                            your build host being properly set up.
                            Be sure you have worked through the requirements
                            described in the
                            "<link linkend='yp-resources'>Setting Up to Use the Yocto Project</link>"
                            section.
                            </para></listitem>
                        <listitem><para>
                            <emphasis>Check Out Your Branch:</emphasis>
                            Be sure you are in the
                            <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
                            (e.g. <filename>poky</filename>) and then check out
                            the branch associated with the latest Yocto Project
                            Release:
                            <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ cd ~/poky
     $ git checkout -b &DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP; origin/&DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;
                            </literallayout>
                            Git's <filename>checkout</filename> command checks out
                            the current Yocto Project release into a local branch
                            whose name matches the release (i.e.
                            <filename>&DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;</filename>).
                            The local branch tracks the upstream branch of the
                            same name.
                            Creating your own branch based on the released
                            branch ensures you are using the latest files for
                            that release.
                            </para></listitem>
                        <listitem><para>
                            <emphasis>Initialize the Build Environment:</emphasis>
                            Run the
                            <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></ulink>
                            environment setup script to define the OpenEmbedded
                            build environment on your build host.
                            <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ source &OE_INIT_FILE;
                            </literallayout>
                            Among other things, the script creates the
                            <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>,
                            which is <filename>build</filename> in this case
                            and is located in the
                            <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
                            After the script runs, your current working directory
                            is set to the Build Directory.
                            Later, when the build completes, the Build Directory
                            contains all the files created during the build.
                            </para></listitem>
                        <listitem><para>
                            <emphasis>Examine Your Local Configuration File:</emphasis>
                            When you set up the build environment, a local
                            configuration file named
                            <filename>local.conf</filename> becomes available in
                            a <filename>conf</filename> subdirectory of the
                            Build Directory.
                            Before using BitBake to start the build, you can
                            look at this file and be sure your general
                            configurations are how you want them:
                            <itemizedlist>
                                <listitem><para>
                                    To help conserve disk space during builds,
                                    you can add the following statement to your
                                    project's configuration file, which for this
                                    example is
                                    <filename>poky/build/conf/local.conf</filename>.
                                    Adding this statement deletes the work
                                    directory used for building a recipe once the
                                    recipe is built.
                                    <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     INHERIT += "rm_work"
                                    </literallayout>
                                    </para></listitem>
                                <listitem><para>
                                    By default, the target machine for the build is
                                    <filename>qemux86</filename>,
                                    which produces an image that can be used in
                                    the QEMU emulator and is targeted at an
                                    <trademark class='registered'>Intel</trademark>
                                    32-bit based architecture.
                                    Further on in this example, this default is
                                    easily changed through the
                                    <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink>
                                    variable so that you can quickly
                                    build an image for a different machine.
                                    </para></listitem>
                                <listitem><para>
                                    Another consideration before you build is the
                                    package manager used when creating the image.
                                    The default <filename>local.conf</filename>
                                    file selects the RPM package manager.
                                    You can control this configuration by using the
                                    <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PACKAGE_CLASSES'><filename>PACKAGE_CLASSES</filename></ulink></filename>
                                    variable.</para>
                                    <para>Selection of the package manager is separate
                                    from whether package management is used at runtime
                                    in the target image.</para>
                                    <para>For additional package manager selection
                                    information, see the
                                    "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-package'><filename>package.bbclass</filename></ulink>"
                                    section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
                                    </para></listitem>
                            </itemizedlist>
                            </para></listitem>
                        <listitem><para>
                            <emphasis>Start the Build:</emphasis>
                            Continue with the following command to build an OS image
                            for the target, which is
                            <filename>core-image-sato</filename> in this example:
                            <note>
                                Depending on the number of processors and cores, the
                                amount of RAM, the speed of your Internet connection
                                and other factors, the build process could take
                                several hours the first time you run it.
                                Subsequent builds run much faster since parts of the
                                build are cached.
                            </note>
                            <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ bitbake core-image-sato
                            </literallayout>
                            <note>
                                <para>
                                    If you experience a build error due to resources
                                    temporarily being unavailable and it appears you
                                    should not be having this issue, it might be due
                                    to the combination of a 4.3+ Linux kernel and
                                    <filename>systemd</filename> version 228+
                                    (i.e. see this
                                    <ulink url='http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/253903/creating-threads-fails-with-resource-temporarily-unavailable-with-4-3-kernel'>link</ulink>
                                    for information).
                                </para>

                                <para>
                                    To work around this issue, you can try either
                                    of the following:
                                    <itemizedlist>
                                        <listitem><para>
                                            Try the build again.
                                            </para></listitem>
                                        <listitem><para>
                                            Modify the "DefaultTasksMax"
                                            <filename>systemd</filename> parameter
                                            by uncommenting it and setting it to
                                            "infinity".
                                            You can find this parameter in the
                                            <filename>system.conf</filename> file
                                            located in
                                            <filename>/etc/systemd</filename>
                                            on most systems.
                                            </para></listitem>
                                    </itemizedlist>
                                </para>
                            </note>
                            For information on using the
                            <filename>bitbake</filename> command, see the
                            "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#usingpoky-components-bitbake'>BitBake</ulink>"
                            section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual, or see the
                            "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;#bitbake-user-manual-command'>BitBake Command</ulink>"
                            section in the BitBake User Manual.
                            For information on other targets, see the
                            "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-images'>Images</ulink>"
                            chapter in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
                            </para></listitem>
                        <listitem><para>
                            <emphasis>Simulate Your Image Using QEMU:</emphasis>
                            Once this particular image is built, you can start QEMU
                            and run the image:
                            <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ runqemu qemux86
                            </literallayout>
                            If you want to learn more about running QEMU, see the
                            "<ulink url="&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#dev-manual-qemu">Using the Quick EMUlator (QEMU)</ulink>"
                            chapter in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
                            </para></listitem>
                        <listitem><para>
                            <emphasis>Exit QEMU:</emphasis>
                            Exit QEMU by either clicking on the shutdown icon or by
                            typing <filename>Ctrl-C</filename> in the QEMU
                            transcript window from which you evoked QEMU.
                            </para></listitem>
                    </orderedlist>
                </para>
            </section>

            <section id='building-an-image-for-hardware'>
                <title>Building an Image for Hardware</title>

                <para id='qs-minnowboard-example'>
                    The following steps show how easy it is to set up to build an
                    image for a new machine.
                    These steps build an image for the MinnowBoard Turbot, which is
                    supported by the Yocto Project and the
                    <filename>meta-intel</filename> <filename>intel-corei7-64</filename>
                    and <filename>intel-core2-32</filename> Board Support Packages
                    (BSPs).
                    <note>
                        The MinnowBoard Turbot ships with 64-bit firmware.
                        If you want to use the board in 32-bit mode, you must
                        download the
                        <ulink url='http://firmware.intel.com/projects/minnowboard-max'>32-bit firmware</ulink>.
                    </note>
                </para>

                <para>
                    <orderedlist>
                        <listitem><para>
                            <emphasis>Create a Local Copy of the
                            <filename>meta-intel</filename> Repository:</emphasis>
                            Building an image for the MinnowBoard Turbot requires
                            the
                            <filename>meta-intel</filename> layer.
                            Use the <filename>git clone</filename> command to create
                            a local copy of the repository inside your
                            <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>,
                            which is <filename>poky</filename> in this example:
                            <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ cd $HOME/poky
     $ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/meta-intel
     Cloning into 'meta-intel'...
     remote: Counting objects: 14039, done.
     remote: Compressing objects: 100% (4471/4471), done.
     remote: Total 14039 (delta 8130), reused 13837 (delta 7947)
     Receiving objects: 100% (14039/14039), 4.27 MiB | 3.98 MiB/s, done.
     Resolving deltas: 100% (8130/8130), done.
     Checking connectivity... done.
                            </literallayout>
                            By default when you clone a Git repository, the
                            "master" branch is checked out.
                            Before you build your image that uses the
                            <filename>meta-intel</filename> layer, you must be
                            sure that both repositories
                            (<filename>meta-intel</filename> and
                            <filename>poky</filename>) are using the same releases.
                            Because you used the <filename>&DISTRO_REL_TAG;</filename>
                            tag when you checked out the <filename>poky</filename>
                            repository by tag, you should use a
                            <filename>meta-intel</filename>
                            tag that corresponds with the release you used for
                            <filename>poky</filename>.
                            Consequently, you need to checkout out the
                            "<filename>&METAINTELVERSION;-&DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;-&YOCTO_DOC_VERSION;</filename>"
                            branch after cloning <filename>meta-intel</filename>:
                            <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ cd $HOME/poky/meta-intel
     $ git checkout tags/&METAINTELVERSION;-&DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;-&YOCTO_DOC_VERSION; -b meta-intel-&DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;-&YOCTO_DOC_VERSION;
     Switched to a new branch 'meta-intel-&DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;-&YOCTO_DOC_VERSION;'
                            </literallayout>
                            The previous Git <filename>checkout</filename> command
                            creates a local branch named
                            <filename>meta-intel-&DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;-&YOCTO_DOC_VERSION;</filename>.
                            You have the option to name your local branch whatever
                            you want by providing any name you like for
                            "meta-intel-&DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;-&YOCTO_DOC_VERSION;"
                            in the above example.
                            </para></listitem>
                        <listitem><para>
                            <emphasis>Configure the Build:</emphasis>
                            To configure the build, you edit the
                            <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> and
                            <filename>local.conf</filename> files, both of which are
                            located in the <filename>build/conf</filename> directory.
                            </para>

                            <para>Here is a quick way to make the edits.
                            The first command uses the
                            <filename>bitbake-layers add-layer</filename> command
                            to add the <filename>meta-intel</filename>
                            layer, which contains the <filename>intel-core*</filename>
                            BSPs to the build.
                            The second command selects the BSP by setting the
                            <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink>
                            variable.
                            <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ cd $HOME/poky/build
     $ bitbake-layers add-layer "$HOME/poky/meta-intel"
     $ echo 'MACHINE = "intel-corei7-64"' >> conf/local.conf
                            </literallayout>
                            <note><title>Notes</title>
                            <para>
                                If you want a 64-bit build, use the following:
                                <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ echo 'MACHINE = "intel-corei7-64"' >> conf/local.conf
                                </literallayout>
                            </para>

                            <para>
                                If you want 32-bit images, use the following:
                                <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ echo 'MACHINE = "intel-core2-32"' >> conf/local.conf
                                </literallayout>
                            </para>
                            </note>
                            </para></listitem>
                        <listitem><para>
                            <emphasis>Build an Image for MinnowBoard
                            Turbot:</emphasis>
                            The type of image you build depends on your goals.
                            For example, the previous build created a
                            <filename>core-image-sato</filename> image, which is an
                            image with Sato support.
                            It is possible to build many image types for the
                            MinnowBoard Turbot.
                            Some possibilities are <filename>core-image-base</filename>,
                            which is a console-only image.
                            Another choice could be a
                            <filename>core-image-full-cmdline</filename>, which is
                            another console-only image but has more full-features
                            Linux system functionality installed.
                            For types of images you can build using the Yocto
                            Project, see the
                            "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-images'>Images</ulink>"
                            chapter in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.</para>
                            <para>Because configuration changes are minimal to set up
                            for this second build, the OpenEmbedded build system can
                            re-use files from previous builds as much as possible.
                            Re-using files means this second build will be much faster
                            than an initial build.
                            For this example, the <filename>core-image-base</filename>
                            image is built:
                            <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ bitbake core-image-base
                            </literallayout>
                            <note>
                                <para>
                                    If you experience a build error due to resources
                                    temporarily being unavailable and it appears you
                                    should not be having this issue, it might be due
                                    to the combination of a 4.3+ Linux kernel and
                                    <filename>systemd</filename> version 228+
                                    (i.e. see this
                                    <ulink url='http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/253903/creating-threads-fails-with-resource-temporarily-unavailable-with-4-3-kernel'>link</ulink>
                                    for information).
                                </para>

                                <para>
                                    To work around this issue, you can try either
                                    of the following:
                                    <itemizedlist>
                                        <listitem><para>
                                            Try the build again.
                                            </para></listitem>
                                        <listitem><para>
                                            Modify the "DefaultTasksMax"
                                            <filename>systemd</filename> parameter
                                            by uncommenting it and setting it to
                                            "infinity".
                                            You can find this parameter in the
                                            <filename>system.conf</filename> file
                                            located in
                                            <filename>/etc/systemd</filename>
                                            on most systems.
                                            </para></listitem>
                                    </itemizedlist>
                                </para>
                            </note>
                            Once the build completes, the resulting console-only image
                            is located in the Build Directory here:
                            <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     tmp/deploy/images/intel-corei7-64/core-image-base-intel-corei7-64.wic
                            </literallayout>
                            </para></listitem>
                        <listitem><para>
                            <emphasis>Write the Image:</emphasis>
                            You can write the image just built to a bootable media
                            (e.g. a USB key, SATA drive, SD card, etc.) using the
                            <filename>dd</filename> utility:
                            <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ sudo dd if=tmp/deploy/images/intel-corei7-64/core-image-base-intel-corei7-64.wic of=TARGET_DEVICE
                            </literallayout>
                            In the previous command, the
                            <filename>TARGET_DEVICE</filename> is the device node in
                            the host machine (e.g. <filename>/dev/sdc</filename>, which
                            is most likely a USB stick, or
                            <filename>/dev/mmcblk0</filename>, which is most likely an
                            SD card).
                            </para></listitem>
                        <listitem><para>
                            <emphasis>Boot the Hardware:</emphasis>
                            With the boot device provisioned, you can insert the
                            media into the MinnowBoard Turbot and boot the hardware.
                            The board should automatically detect the media and boot to
                            the bootloader and subsequently the operating system.
                            </para>

                            <para>If the board does not boot automatically, you can
                            boot it manually from the EFI shell as follows:
                            <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     Shell> connect -r
     Shell> map -r
     Shell> fs0:
     Shell> bootx64
                            </literallayout>
                            <note>
                                For a 32-bit image use the following:
                                <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     Shell> bootia32
                                </literallayout>
                            </note>
                            </para></listitem>
                    </orderedlist>
                </para>
            </section>
        </section>
    </section>

    <section id='where-to-go-next'>
        <title>Where To Go Next</title>

        <para>
            Now that you have experienced using the Yocto Project, you might
            be asking yourself "What now?"
            This next section of the Quick Start provides some "sign posts"
            that can help you find additional information depending on what
            you want to accomplish with the Yocto Project.
            The section provides a list of resources for more information,
            some links into sections that provide basic tasks, and some
            links into more specialized areas that go beyond building images.
            <note>
                You can also see the
                <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/documentation'></ulink> page for
                suggested sets of Yocto Project manuals designed for various
                levels of experience.
            </note>
        </para>

        <section id='additional-resources'>
            <title>Additional Resources</title>

            <para>
                The Yocto Project has many sources of information including
                the website, wiki pages, and user manuals.
                This section lists resources you might find helpful:
                <itemizedlist>
                    <listitem><para>
                        <emphasis>Website:</emphasis>
                        The
                        <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;'>Yocto Project Website</ulink>
                        provides background information, the latest builds,
                        breaking news, full development documentation, and
                        access to a rich Yocto Project Development Community
                        into which you can tap.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>
                        <emphasis>FAQs:</emphasis>
                        Lists commonly asked Yocto Project questions and
                        answers.
                        You can find two FAQs:
                        <ulink url='&YOCTO_WIKI_URL;/wiki/FAQ'>Yocto Project FAQ</ulink>
                        on a wiki, and the
                        "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#faq'>FAQ</ulink>"
                        chapter in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>
                        <emphasis>Developer Screencast:</emphasis>
                        The
                        <ulink url='http://vimeo.com/36450321'>Getting Started with the Yocto Project - New Developer Screencast Tutorial</ulink>
                        provides a 30-minute video created for users unfamiliar
                        with the Yocto Project but familiar with Linux build
                        hosts.
                        While this screencast is somewhat dated, the
                        introductory and fundamental concepts are useful for
                        the beginner.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>
                        <emphasis>Yocto Project Implementation of Bugzilla:</emphasis>
                        The Yocto Project uses its own implementation of
                        Bugzilla that you can find
                        <ulink url='&YOCTO_BUGZILLA_URL;'>here</ulink>.
                        Bugzilla allows you to report and track the progress
                        of defects and improvements to the Yocto Project.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>
                        <emphasis>Yocto Project Wiki:</emphasis>
                        The
                        <ulink url='&YOCTO_WIKI_URL;'>Yocto Project Wiki</ulink>
                        provides additional information on where to go next
                        when ramping up with the Yocto Project, release
                        information, project planning, and QA information.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>
                        <emphasis>Yocto Project Mailing Lists:</emphasis>
                        Related mailing lists provide a forum for discussion,
                        patch submission and announcements.
                        Several mailing lists exist and are grouped according
                        to areas of concern.
                        See the
                        "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#resources-mailinglist'>Mailing lists</ulink>"
                        section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual for a
                        complete list of Yocto Project mailing lists.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>
                        <emphasis>Comprehensive List of Links and Other Documentation:</emphasis>
                        The
                        "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#resources-links-and-related-documentation'>Links and Related Documentation</ulink>"
                        section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual provides a
                        comprehensive list of all related links and other
                        user documentation.
                        </para></listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
            </para>
        </section>

        <section id='qs-guided-examples'>
            <title>Guided Examples</title>

            <para>
                Depending on what you primary interests are with the Yocto
                Project, you could consider any of the following:
                <itemizedlist>
                    <listitem><para>
                        <emphasis>Add a Layer for Hardware Support:</emphasis>
                        For steps on how to add a Board Support Package (BSP)
                        layer that supports specific hardware, see the
                        "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#creating-a-new-bsp-layer-using-the-bitbake-layers-script'>Creating a new BSP Layer Using the <filename>bitbake-layers</filename> Script</ulink>"
                        section in the Yocto Project Board Support Package
                        (BSP) Developer's Guide.
                        For background information on BSP layers, see the
                        "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#bsp-layers'>BSP Layers</ulink>"
                        section in the same manual.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>
                        <emphasis>Add a Layer for Software:</emphasis>
                        For steps on how to add a general layer for software,
                        see the
                        "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#creating-a-general-layer-using-the-bitbake-layers-script'>Creating a General Layer Using the <filename>bitbake-layers</filename> Script</ulink>"
                        section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
                        For background information on layers in general, see the
                        "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#understanding-and-creating-layers'>Understanding and Creating Layers</ulink>"
                        section in the same manual.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>
                        <emphasis>Write a New Recipe:</emphasis>
                        For steps on how to write a new recipe,
                        see the
                        "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#new-recipe-writing-a-new-recipe'>Writing a New Recipe</ulink>"
                        section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para role='writernotes'>
                        <emphasis>Create a Layer for Customizations:</emphasis>
                        This is a step suggested by Richard.
                        I don't know the distinction between creating a layer
                        for customizations and creating a general layer as
                        pointed out earlier for creating a general layer
                        (i.e. a layer for software).
                        I need some help on this bullet item.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>
                        <emphasis>Add a Custom Kernel:</emphasis>
                        For steps on how to modify and create your own custom
                        kernel, see the
                        "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_DEV_URL;#using-devtool-to-patch-the-kernel'>Using <filename>devtool</filename> to Patch the Kernel</ulink>"
                        section in the Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development
                        Manual.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>
                        <emphasis>Change the Default Kernel Configuration:</emphasis>
                        For steps on how to configure the kernel, see the
                        "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_DEV_URL;#configuring-the-kernel'>Configuring the Kernel</ulink>"
                        section in the Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development
                        Manual.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>
                        <emphasis>Submit a Change to the Yocto Project:</emphasis>
                        For steps on how to submit a change or patch to the
                        Yocto Project, see the
                        "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#how-to-submit-a-change'>Submitting a Change to the Yocto Project</ulink>"
                        section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
                        </para></listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
            </para>
        </section>

        <section id='going-beyond-builds'>
            <title>Going Beyond Builds</title>

            <para>
                This section presents some pointers to topics that go beyond
                building images:
                <itemizedlist>
                    <listitem><para>
                        <emphasis>The OpenEmbedded Layer Index:</emphasis>
                        This index shows layers that exist for use with the
                        Yocto Project.
                        More times than not, you can find layers for your own
                        use or layers that are close to what you need and can
                        be leveraged when creating your own layers.
                        See
                        <ulink url='http://layers.openembedded.org/layerindex/branch/master/layers/'>http://layers.openembedded.org/layerindex/branch/master/layers/</ulink>
                        for the layer index.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>
                        <emphasis>Yocto Project Autobuilder:</emphasis>
                        Autobuilders provide automatic building in a
                        development or production environment.
                        For information on the autobuilders used by the Yocto
                        Project, see the
                        "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#usingpoky-changes-collaborate'>Setting Up a Team Yocto Project Development Environment</ulink>"
                        section of the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
                        You can also see the
                        <ulink url='http://autobuilder.yoctoproject.org/'>http://autobuilder.yoctoproject.org/</ulink>
                        link.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>
                        <emphasis>Yocto Project Compatibility:</emphasis>
                        When you create layers, you can take steps to make sure
                        your layer is compatible with the Yocto Project.
                        See the
                        "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#making-sure-your-layer-is-compatible-with-yocto-project'>Making Sure Your Layer is Compatible With Yocto Project</ulink>"
                        section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual
                        for more information.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para role='writernotes'>
                        <emphasis>Auto Upgrade Tools:</emphasis>
                        This is a step suggested by Richard.
                        I don't know what this is and need help with this
                        bullet item.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para role='writernotes'>
                        <emphasis>Patches and Patchwork:</emphasis>
                        This is a step suggested by Richard.
                        I don't know what this is and need help with this
                        bullet item.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para role='writernotes'>
                        <emphasis>Pseudo:</emphasis>
                        Pseudo gives the illusion of running under root and is
                        is used during the image generation process.
                        I don't have much on this in the manual set.
                        Is there any more information we can leverage?
                        For information on Fakeroot and Pseudo, see the
                        "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#fakeroot-and-pseudo'>Fakeroot and Pseudo</ulink>"
                        section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para role='writernotes'>
                        <emphasis>OPKG:</emphasis>
                        OPKG is a file management system.
                        I am not sure what Richard had in mind for suggesting
                        this "beyond builds" topic.
                        I have one reference at
                        "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#runtime-package-management-target-ipk'>Using IPK</ulink>"
                        in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual that
                        is the bulk of my known information.
                        I need more help with this bullet item.
                        </para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>
                        <emphasis>Team Yocto Project Development Environments:</emphasis>
                        For information on Yocto Project development team
                        environments, see the
                        "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#usingpoky-changes-collaborate'>Setting Up a Team Yocto Project Development Environment</ulink>"
                        section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
                        </para></listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
            </para>
        </section>
    </section>
</chapter>
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