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1
2The LaTeX Project Public License
3=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
4
5LPPL Version 1.3c 2008-05-04
6
7Copyright 1999 2002-2008 LaTeX3 Project
8 Everyone is allowed to distribute verbatim copies of this
9 license document, but modification of it is not allowed.
10
11
12PREAMBLE
13========
14
15The LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL) is the primary license under
16which the LaTeX kernel and the base LaTeX packages are distributed.
17
18You may use this license for any work of which you hold the copyright
19and which you wish to distribute. This license may be particularly
20suitable if your work is TeX-related (such as a LaTeX package), but
21it is written in such a way that you can use it even if your work is
22unrelated to TeX.
23
24The section `WHETHER AND HOW TO DISTRIBUTE WORKS UNDER THIS LICENSE`,
25below, gives instructions, examples, and recommendations for authors
26who are considering distributing their works under this license.
27
28This license gives conditions under which a work may be distributed
29and modified, as well as conditions under which modified versions of
30that work may be distributed.
31
32We, the LaTeX3 Project, believe that the conditions below give you
33the freedom to make and distribute modified versions of your work
34that conform with whatever technical specifications you wish while
35maintaining the availability, integrity, and reliability of
36that work. If you do not see how to achieve your goal while
37meeting these conditions, then read the document `cfgguide.tex`
38and `modguide.tex` in the base LaTeX distribution for suggestions.
39
40
41DEFINITIONS
42===========
43
44In this license document the following terms are used:
45
46 `Work`
47 Any work being distributed under this License.
48
49 `Derived Work`
50 Any work that under any applicable law is derived from the Work.
51
52 `Modification`
53 Any procedure that produces a Derived Work under any applicable
54 law -- for example, the production of a file containing an
55 original file associated with the Work or a significant portion of
56 such a file, either verbatim or with modifications and/or
57 translated into another language.
58
59 `Modify`
60 To apply any procedure that produces a Derived Work under any
61 applicable law.
62
63 `Distribution`
64 Making copies of the Work available from one person to another, in
65 whole or in part. Distribution includes (but is not limited to)
66 making any electronic components of the Work accessible by
67 file transfer protocols such as FTP or HTTP or by shared file
68 systems such as Sun`s Network File System (NFS).
69
70 `Compiled Work`
71 A version of the Work that has been processed into a form where it
72 is directly usable on a computer system. This processing may
73 include using installation facilities provided by the Work,
74 transformations of the Work, copying of components of the Work, or
75 other activities. Note that modification of any installation
76 facilities provided by the Work constitutes modification of the Work.
77
78 `Current Maintainer`
79 A person or persons nominated as such within the Work. If there is
80 no such explicit nomination then it is the `Copyright Holder` under
81 any applicable law.
82
83 `Base Interpreter`
84 A program or process that is normally needed for running or
85 interpreting a part or the whole of the Work.
86
87 A Base Interpreter may depend on external components but these
88 are not considered part of the Base Interpreter provided that each
89 external component clearly identifies itself whenever it is used
90 interactively. Unless explicitly specified when applying the
91 license to the Work, the only applicable Base Interpreter is a
92 `LaTeX-Format` or in the case of files belonging to the
93 `LaTeX-format` a program implementing the `TeX language`.
94
95
96
97CONDITIONS ON DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
98===========================================
99
1001. Activities other than distribution and/or modification of the Work
101are not covered by this license; they are outside its scope. In
102particular, the act of running the Work is not restricted and no
103requirements are made concerning any offers of support for the Work.
104
1052. You may distribute a complete, unmodified copy of the Work as you
106received it. Distribution of only part of the Work is considered
107modification of the Work, and no right to distribute such a Derived
108Work may be assumed under the terms of this clause.
109
1103. You may distribute a Compiled Work that has been generated from a
111complete, unmodified copy of the Work as distributed under Clause 2
112above, as long as that Compiled Work is distributed in such a way that
113the recipients may install the Compiled Work on their system exactly
114as it would have been installed if they generated a Compiled Work
115directly from the Work.
116
1174. If you are the Current Maintainer of the Work, you may, without
118restriction, modify the Work, thus creating a Derived Work. You may
119also distribute the Derived Work without restriction, including
120Compiled Works generated from the Derived Work. Derived Works
121distributed in this manner by the Current Maintainer are considered to
122be updated versions of the Work.
123
1245. If you are not the Current Maintainer of the Work, you may modify
125your copy of the Work, thus creating a Derived Work based on the Work,
126and compile this Derived Work, thus creating a Compiled Work based on
127the Derived Work.
128
1296. If you are not the Current Maintainer of the Work, you may
130distribute a Derived Work provided the following conditions are met
131for every component of the Work unless that component clearly states
132in the copyright notice that it is exempt from that condition. Only
133the Current Maintainer is allowed to add such statements of exemption
134to a component of the Work.
135
136 a. If a component of this Derived Work can be a direct replacement
137 for a component of the Work when that component is used with the
138 Base Interpreter, then, wherever this component of the Work
139 identifies itself to the user when used interactively with that
140 Base Interpreter, the replacement component of this Derived Work
141 clearly and unambiguously identifies itself as a modified version
142 of this component to the user when used interactively with that
143 Base Interpreter.
144
145 b. Every component of the Derived Work contains prominent notices
146 detailing the nature of the changes to that component, or a
147 prominent reference to another file that is distributed as part
148 of the Derived Work and that contains a complete and accurate log
149 of the changes.
150
151 c. No information in the Derived Work implies that any persons,
152 including (but not limited to) the authors of the original version
153 of the Work, provide any support, including (but not limited to)
154 the reporting and handling of errors, to recipients of the
155 Derived Work unless those persons have stated explicitly that
156 they do provide such support for the Derived Work.
157
158 d. You distribute at least one of the following with the Derived Work:
159
160 1. A complete, unmodified copy of the Work;
161 if your distribution of a modified component is made by
162 offering access to copy the modified component from a
163 designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy
164 the Work from the same or some similar place meets this
165 condition, even though third parties are not compelled to
166 copy the Work along with the modified component;
167
168 2. Information that is sufficient to obtain a complete,
169 unmodified copy of the Work.
170
1717. If you are not the Current Maintainer of the Work, you may
172distribute a Compiled Work generated from a Derived Work, as long as
173the Derived Work is distributed to all recipients of the Compiled
174Work, and as long as the conditions of Clause 6, above, are met with
175regard to the Derived Work.
176
1778. The conditions above are not intended to prohibit, and hence do not
178apply to, the modification, by any method, of any component so that it
179becomes identical to an updated version of that component of the Work as
180it is distributed by the Current Maintainer under Clause 4, above.
181
1829. Distribution of the Work or any Derived Work in an alternative
183format, where the Work or that Derived Work (in whole or in part) is
184then produced by applying some process to that format, does not relax or
185nullify any sections of this license as they pertain to the results of
186applying that process.
187
18810. a. A Derived Work may be distributed under a different license
189 provided that license itself honors the conditions listed in
190 Clause 6 above, in regard to the Work, though it does not have
191 to honor the rest of the conditions in this license.
192
193 b. If a Derived Work is distributed under a different license, that
194 Derived Work must provide sufficient documentation as part of
195 itself to allow each recipient of that Derived Work to honor the
196 restrictions in Clause 6 above, concerning changes from the Work.
197
19811. This license places no restrictions on works that are unrelated to
199the Work, nor does this license place any restrictions on aggregating
200such works with the Work by any means.
201
20212. Nothing in this license is intended to, or may be used to, prevent
203complete compliance by all parties with all applicable laws.
204
205
206NO WARRANTY
207===========
208
209There is no warranty for the Work. Except when otherwise stated in
210writing, the Copyright Holder provides the Work `as is`, without
211warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not
212limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a
213particular purpose. The entire risk as to the quality and performance
214of the Work is with you. Should the Work prove defective, you assume
215the cost of all necessary servicing, repair, or correction.
216
217In no event unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing
218will The Copyright Holder, or any author named in the components of the
219Work, or any other party who may distribute and/or modify the Work as
220permitted above, be liable to you for damages, including any general,
221special, incidental or consequential damages arising out of any use of
222the Work or out of inability to use the Work (including, but not limited
223to, loss of data, data being rendered inaccurate, or losses sustained by
224anyone as a result of any failure of the Work to operate with any other
225programs), even if the Copyright Holder or said author or said other
226party has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
227
228
229MAINTENANCE OF THE WORK
230=======================
231
232The Work has the status `author-maintained` if the Copyright Holder
233explicitly and prominently states near the primary copyright notice in
234the Work that the Work can only be maintained by the Copyright Holder
235or simply that it is `author-maintained`.
236
237The Work has the status `maintained` if there is a Current Maintainer
238who has indicated in the Work that they are willing to receive error
239reports for the Work (for example, by supplying a valid e-mail
240address). It is not required for the Current Maintainer to acknowledge
241or act upon these error reports.
242
243The Work changes from status `maintained` to `unmaintained` if there
244is no Current Maintainer, or the person stated to be Current
245Maintainer of the work cannot be reached through the indicated means
246of communication for a period of six months, and there are no other
247significant signs of active maintenance.
248
249You can become the Current Maintainer of the Work by agreement with
250any existing Current Maintainer to take over this role.
251
252If the Work is unmaintained, you can become the Current Maintainer of
253the Work through the following steps:
254
255 1. Make a reasonable attempt to trace the Current Maintainer (and
256 the Copyright Holder, if the two differ) through the means of
257 an Internet or similar search.
258
259 2. If this search is successful, then enquire whether the Work
260 is still maintained.
261
262 a. If it is being maintained, then ask the Current Maintainer
263 to update their communication data within one month.
264
265 b. If the search is unsuccessful or no action to resume active
266 maintenance is taken by the Current Maintainer, then announce
267 within the pertinent community your intention to take over
268 maintenance. (If the Work is a LaTeX work, this could be
269 done, for example, by posting to comp.text.tex.)
270
271 3a. If the Current Maintainer is reachable and agrees to pass
272 maintenance of the Work to you, then this takes effect
273 immediately upon announcement.
274
275 b. If the Current Maintainer is not reachable and the Copyright
276 Holder agrees that maintenance of the Work be passed to you,
277 then this takes effect immediately upon announcement.
278
279 4. If you make an `intention announcement` as described in 2b. above
280 and after three months your intention is challenged neither by
281 the Current Maintainer nor by the Copyright Holder nor by other
282 people, then you may arrange for the Work to be changed so as
283 to name you as the (new) Current Maintainer.
284
285 5. If the previously unreachable Current Maintainer becomes
286 reachable once more within three months of a change completed
287 under the terms of 3b) or 4), then that Current Maintainer must
288 become or remain the Current Maintainer upon request provided
289 they then update their communication data within one month.
290
291A change in the Current Maintainer does not, of itself, alter the fact
292that the Work is distributed under the LPPL license.
293
294If you become the Current Maintainer of the Work, you should
295immediately provide, within the Work, a prominent and unambiguous
296statement of your status as Current Maintainer. You should also
297announce your new status to the same pertinent community as
298in 2b) above.
299
300
301WHETHER AND HOW TO DISTRIBUTE WORKS UNDER THIS LICENSE
302======================================================
303
304This section contains important instructions, examples, and
305recommendations for authors who are considering distributing their
306works under this license. These authors are addressed as `you` in
307this section.
308
309Choosing This License or Another License
310----------------------------------------
311
312If for any part of your work you want or need to use *distribution*
313conditions that differ significantly from those in this license, then
314do not refer to this license anywhere in your work but, instead,
315distribute your work under a different license. You may use the text
316of this license as a model for your own license, but your license
317should not refer to the LPPL or otherwise give the impression that
318your work is distributed under the LPPL.
319
320The document `modguide.tex` in the base LaTeX distribution explains
321the motivation behind the conditions of this license. It explains,
322for example, why distributing LaTeX under the GNU General Public
323License (GPL) was considered inappropriate. Even if your work is
324unrelated to LaTeX, the discussion in `modguide.tex` may still be
325relevant, and authors intending to distribute their works under any
326license are encouraged to read it.
327
328A Recommendation on Modification Without Distribution
329-----------------------------------------------------
330
331It is wise never to modify a component of the Work, even for your own
332personal use, without also meeting the above conditions for
333distributing the modified component. While you might intend that such
334modifications will never be distributed, often this will happen by
335accident -- you may forget that you have modified that component; or
336it may not occur to you when allowing others to access the modified
337version that you are thus distributing it and violating the conditions
338of this license in ways that could have legal implications and, worse,
339cause problems for the community. It is therefore usually in your
340best interest to keep your copy of the Work identical with the public
341one. Many works provide ways to control the behavior of that work
342without altering any of its licensed components.
343
344How to Use This License
345-----------------------
346
347To use this license, place in each of the components of your work both
348an explicit copyright notice including your name and the year the work
349was authored and/or last substantially modified. Include also a
350statement that the distribution and/or modification of that
351component is constrained by the conditions in this license.
352
353Here is an example of such a notice and statement:
354
355 %% pig.dtx
356 %% Copyright 2005 M. Y. Name
357 %
358 % This work may be distributed and/or modified under the
359 % conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
360 % of this license or (at your option) any later version.
361 % The latest version of this license is in
362 % http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
363 % and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
364 % version 2005/12/01 or later.
365 %
366 % This work has the LPPL maintenance status `maintained`.
367 %
368 % The Current Maintainer of this work is M. Y. Name.
369 %
370 % This work consists of the files pig.dtx and pig.ins
371 % and the derived file pig.sty.
372
373Given such a notice and statement in a file, the conditions
374given in this license document would apply, with the `Work` referring
375to the three files `pig.dtx`, `pig.ins`, and `pig.sty` (the last being
376generated from `pig.dtx` using `pig.ins`), the `Base Interpreter`
377referring to any `LaTeX-Format`, and both `Copyright Holder` and
378`Current Maintainer` referring to the person `M. Y. Name`.
379
380If you do not want the Maintenance section of LPPL to apply to your
381Work, change `maintained` above into `author-maintained`.
382However, we recommend that you use `maintained`, as the Maintenance
383section was added in order to ensure that your Work remains useful to
384the community even when you can no longer maintain and support it
385yourself.
386
387Derived Works That Are Not Replacements
388---------------------------------------
389
390Several clauses of the LPPL specify means to provide reliability and
391stability for the user community. They therefore concern themselves
392with the case that a Derived Work is intended to be used as a
393(compatible or incompatible) replacement of the original Work. If
394this is not the case (e.g., if a few lines of code are reused for a
395completely different task), then clauses 6b and 6d shall not apply.
396
397
398Important Recommendations
399-------------------------
400
401 Defining What Constitutes the Work
402
403 The LPPL requires that distributions of the Work contain all the
404 files of the Work. It is therefore important that you provide a
405 way for the licensee to determine which files constitute the Work.
406 This could, for example, be achieved by explicitly listing all the
407 files of the Work near the copyright notice of each file or by
408 using a line such as:
409
410 % This work consists of all files listed in manifest.txt.
411
412 in that place. In the absence of an unequivocal list it might be
413 impossible for the licensee to determine what is considered by you
414 to comprise the Work and, in such a case, the licensee would be
415 entitled to make reasonable conjectures as to which files comprise
416 the Work.
417
418