diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'documentation/kernel-manual')
-rw-r--r-- | documentation/kernel-manual/kernel-concepts.xml | 194 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | documentation/kernel-manual/kernel-doc-intro.xml | 28 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | documentation/kernel-manual/kernel-how-to.xml | 1691 |
3 files changed, 351 insertions, 1562 deletions
diff --git a/documentation/kernel-manual/kernel-concepts.xml b/documentation/kernel-manual/kernel-concepts.xml index eede5a2e59..bcda78c4e1 100644 --- a/documentation/kernel-manual/kernel-concepts.xml +++ b/documentation/kernel-manual/kernel-concepts.xml | |||
@@ -46,12 +46,14 @@ | |||
46 | the baseline kernel is the most stable official release.</para></listitem> | 46 | the baseline kernel is the most stable official release.</para></listitem> |
47 | <listitem><para>Include major technological features as part of Yocto Project's up-rev | 47 | <listitem><para>Include major technological features as part of Yocto Project's up-rev |
48 | strategy.</para></listitem> | 48 | strategy.</para></listitem> |
49 | <listitem><para>Present a Git tree, that just like the upstream kernel.org tree, has a | 49 | <listitem><para>Present a kernel Git repository that, similar to the upstream |
50 | clear and continuous history.</para></listitem> | 50 | <filename>kernel.org</filename> tree, |
51 | has a clear and continuous history.</para></listitem> | ||
51 | <listitem><para>Deliver a key set of supported kernel types, where each type is tailored | 52 | <listitem><para>Deliver a key set of supported kernel types, where each type is tailored |
52 | to a specific use case (i.e. networking, consumer, devices, and so forth).</para></listitem> | 53 | to a specific use case (e.g. networking, consumer, devices, and so forth).</para></listitem> |
53 | <listitem><para>Employ a Git branching strategy that from a customer's point of view | 54 | <listitem><para>Employ a Git branching strategy that, from a developer's point of view, |
54 | results in a linear path from the baseline kernel.org, through a select group of features and | 55 | results in a linear path from the baseline <filename>kernel.org</filename>, |
56 | through a select group of features and | ||
55 | ends with their BSP-specific commits.</para></listitem> | 57 | ends with their BSP-specific commits.</para></listitem> |
56 | </itemizedlist> | 58 | </itemizedlist> |
57 | </para> | 59 | </para> |
@@ -60,27 +62,29 @@ | |||
60 | <section id='kernel-big-picture'> | 62 | <section id='kernel-big-picture'> |
61 | <title>Yocto Project Kernel Development and Maintenance Overview</title> | 63 | <title>Yocto Project Kernel Development and Maintenance Overview</title> |
62 | <para> | 64 | <para> |
63 | Yocto Project kernel, like other kernels, is based off the Linux kernel release | 65 | The Yocto Project kernel, like other kernels, is based off the Linux kernel release |
64 | from <ulink url='http://www.kernel.org'></ulink>. | 66 | from <ulink url='http://www.kernel.org'></ulink>. |
65 | At the beginning of our major development cycle, we choose our Yocto Project kernel | 67 | At the beginning of a major development cycle, the Yocto Project team |
66 | based on factors like release timing, the anticipated release timing of "final" (i.e. non "rc") | 68 | chooses its Yocto Project kernel |
67 | upstream kernel.org versions, and Yocto Project feature requirements. | 69 | based on factors like release timing, the anticipated release timing of final |
68 | Typically this will be a kernel that is in the | 70 | upstream <filename>kernel.org</filename> versions, and Yocto Project feature requirements. |
69 | final stages of development by the community (i.e. still in the release | 71 | Typically, the kernel chosen is in the |
70 | candidate or "rc" phase) and not yet a final release. | 72 | final stages of development by the community. |
71 | But by being in the final stages of external development, we know that the | 73 | In other words, the kernel is in the release |
72 | kernel.org final release will clearly land within the early stages of | 74 | candidate or "rc" phase and not yet a final release. |
75 | But, by being in the final stages of external development, the team knows that the | ||
76 | <filename>kernel.org</filename> final release will clearly be within the early stages of | ||
73 | the Yocto Project development window. | 77 | the Yocto Project development window. |
74 | </para> | 78 | </para> |
75 | <para> | 79 | <para> |
76 | This balance allows us to deliver the most up-to-date kernel | 80 | This balance allows the team to deliver the most up-to-date kernel |
77 | as possible, while still ensuring that we have a stable official release as | 81 | as possible, while still ensuring that the team has a stable official release as |
78 | our baseline kernel version. | 82 | the baseline kernel version. |
79 | </para> | 83 | </para> |
80 | <para> | 84 | <para> |
81 | The ultimate source for the Yocto Project kernel is a released kernel | 85 | The ultimate source for the Yocto Project kernel is a released kernel |
82 | from kernel.org. | 86 | from <filename>kernel.org</filename>. |
83 | In addition to a foundational kernel from kernel.org the released | 87 | In addition to a foundational kernel from <filename>kernel.org</filename>, the released |
84 | Yocto Project kernel contains a mix of important new mainline | 88 | Yocto Project kernel contains a mix of important new mainline |
85 | developments, non-mainline developments (when there is no alternative), | 89 | developments, non-mainline developments (when there is no alternative), |
86 | Board Support Package (BSP) developments, | 90 | Board Support Package (BSP) developments, |
@@ -88,37 +92,21 @@ | |||
88 | These additions result in a commercially released Yocto Project kernel that caters | 92 | These additions result in a commercially released Yocto Project kernel that caters |
89 | to specific embedded designer needs for targeted hardware. | 93 | to specific embedded designer needs for targeted hardware. |
90 | </para> | 94 | </para> |
91 | <!-- <para> | ||
92 | The following figure represents the overall place the Yocto Project kernel fills. | ||
93 | </para> | ||
94 | <para> | ||
95 | <imagedata fileref="figures/kernel-big-picture.png" width="6in" depth="6in" align="center" scale="100" /> | ||
96 | </para> | ||
97 | <para> | ||
98 | In the figure the ultimate source for the Yocto Project kernel is a released kernel | ||
99 | from kernel.org. | ||
100 | In addition to a foundational kernel from kernel.org the commercially released | ||
101 | Yocto Project kernel contains a mix of important new mainline | ||
102 | developments, non-mainline developments, Board Support Package (BSP) developments, | ||
103 | and custom features. | ||
104 | These additions result in a commercially released Yocto Project kernel that caters | ||
105 | to specific embedded designer needs for targeted hardware. | ||
106 | </para> --> | ||
107 | <para> | 95 | <para> |
108 | Once a Yocto Project kernel is officially released the Yocto Project team goes into | 96 | Once a Yocto Project kernel is officially released, the Yocto Project team goes into |
109 | their next development cycle, or "uprev" cycle while continuing maintenance on the | 97 | their next development cycle, or "uprev" cycle, while still continuing maintenance on the |
110 | released kernel. | 98 | released kernel. |
111 | It is important to note that the most sustainable and stable way | 99 | It is important to note that the most sustainable and stable way |
112 | to include feature development upstream is through a kernel uprev process. | 100 | to include feature development upstream is through a kernel uprev process. |
113 | Back-porting of hundreds of individual fixes and minor features from various | 101 | Back-porting hundreds of individual fixes and minor features from various |
114 | kernel versions is not sustainable and can easily compromise quality. | 102 | kernel versions is not sustainable and can easily compromise quality. |
103 | </para> | ||
104 | <para> | ||
115 | During the uprev cycle, the Yocto Project team uses an ongoing analysis of | 105 | During the uprev cycle, the Yocto Project team uses an ongoing analysis of |
116 | kernel development, BSP support, and release timing to select the best | 106 | kernel development, BSP support, and release timing to select the best |
117 | possible kernel.org version. | 107 | possible <filename>kernel.org</filename> version. |
118 | The team continually monitors community kernel | 108 | The team continually monitors community kernel |
119 | development to look for significant features of interest. | 109 | development to look for significant features of interest. |
120 | <!-- The illustration depicts this by showing the team looking back to kernel.org for new features, | ||
121 | BSP features, and significant bug fixes. --> | ||
122 | The team does consider back-porting large features if they have a significant advantage. | 110 | The team does consider back-porting large features if they have a significant advantage. |
123 | User or community demand can also trigger a back-port or creation of new | 111 | User or community demand can also trigger a back-port or creation of new |
124 | functionality in the Yocto Project baseline kernel during the uprev cycle. | 112 | functionality in the Yocto Project baseline kernel during the uprev cycle. |
@@ -130,7 +118,7 @@ | |||
130 | It is the Yocto Project team's policy to not back-port minor features to the released kernel. | 118 | It is the Yocto Project team's policy to not back-port minor features to the released kernel. |
131 | They only consider back-porting significant technological jumps - and, that is done | 119 | They only consider back-porting significant technological jumps - and, that is done |
132 | after a complete gap analysis. | 120 | after a complete gap analysis. |
133 | The reason for this policy is that simply back-porting any small to medium sized change | 121 | The reason for this policy is that back-porting any small to medium sized change |
134 | from an evolving kernel can easily create mismatches, incompatibilities and very | 122 | from an evolving kernel can easily create mismatches, incompatibilities and very |
135 | subtle errors. | 123 | subtle errors. |
136 | </para> | 124 | </para> |
@@ -163,18 +151,23 @@ | |||
163 | As mentioned earlier, a key goal of Yocto Project is to present the developer with | 151 | As mentioned earlier, a key goal of Yocto Project is to present the developer with |
164 | a kernel that has a clear and continuous history that is visible to the user. | 152 | a kernel that has a clear and continuous history that is visible to the user. |
165 | The architecture and mechanisms used achieve that goal in a manner similar to the | 153 | The architecture and mechanisms used achieve that goal in a manner similar to the |
166 | upstream kernel.org. | 154 | upstream <filename>kernel.org</filename>. |
167 | |||
168 | </para> | 155 | </para> |
169 | <para> | 156 | <para> |
170 | You can think of the Yocto Project kernel as consisting of a baseline kernel with | 157 | You can think of the Yocto Project kernel as consisting of a baseline kernel with |
171 | added features logically structured on top of the baseline. | 158 | added features logically structured on top of the baseline. |
172 | The features are tagged and organized by way of a branching strategy implemented by the | 159 | The features are tagged and organized by way of a branching strategy implemented by the |
173 | source code manager (SCM) Git. | 160 | source code manager (SCM) Git. |
161 | For information on Git as applied to the Yocto Project, see the | ||
162 | "<ulink url='http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/1.1/dev-manual/dev-manual.html#git'>Git</ulink>" | ||
163 | section in <ulink url='http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/1.1/dev-manual/dev-manual.html'>The | ||
164 | Yocto Project Development Manual</ulink>. | ||
165 | </para> | ||
166 | <para> | ||
174 | The result is that the user has the ability to see the added features and | 167 | The result is that the user has the ability to see the added features and |
175 | the commits that make up those features. | 168 | the commits that make up those features. |
176 | In addition to being able to see added features, the user can also view the history of what | 169 | In addition to being able to see added features, the user can also view the history of what |
177 | made up the baseline kernel as well. | 170 | made up the baseline kernel. |
178 | </para> | 171 | </para> |
179 | <para> | 172 | <para> |
180 | The following illustration shows the conceptual Yocto Project kernel. | 173 | The following illustration shows the conceptual Yocto Project kernel. |
@@ -183,18 +176,20 @@ | |||
183 | <imagedata fileref="figures/kernel-architecture-overview.png" width="6in" depth="7in" align="center" scale="100" /> | 176 | <imagedata fileref="figures/kernel-architecture-overview.png" width="6in" depth="7in" align="center" scale="100" /> |
184 | </para> | 177 | </para> |
185 | <para> | 178 | <para> |
186 | In the illustration, the "kernel.org Branch Point" marks the specific spot (or release) from | 179 | In the illustration, the "<filename>kernel.org</filename> Branch Point" |
187 | which the Yocto Project kernel is created. From this point "up" in the tree features and | 180 | marks the specific spot (or release) from |
188 | differences are organized and tagged. | 181 | which the Yocto Project kernel is created. |
182 | From this point "up" in the tree, features and differences are organized and tagged. | ||
189 | </para> | 183 | </para> |
190 | <para> | 184 | <para> |
191 | The "Yocto Project Baseline Kernel" contains functionality that is common to every kernel | 185 | The "Yocto Project Baseline Kernel" contains functionality that is common to every kernel |
192 | type and BSP that is organized further up the tree. Placing these common features in the | 186 | type and BSP that is organized further up the tree. |
187 | Placing these common features in the | ||
193 | tree this way means features don't have to be duplicated along individual branches of the | 188 | tree this way means features don't have to be duplicated along individual branches of the |
194 | structure. | 189 | structure. |
195 | </para> | 190 | </para> |
196 | <para> | 191 | <para> |
197 | From the Yocto Project Baseline Kernel branch points represent specific functionality | 192 | From the Yocto Project Baseline Kernel, branch points represent specific functionality |
198 | for individual BSPs as well as real-time kernels. | 193 | for individual BSPs as well as real-time kernels. |
199 | The illustration represents this through three BSP-specific branches and a real-time | 194 | The illustration represents this through three BSP-specific branches and a real-time |
200 | kernel branch. | 195 | kernel branch. |
@@ -209,8 +204,9 @@ | |||
209 | kernel as they apply to a given BSP. | 204 | kernel as they apply to a given BSP. |
210 | </para> | 205 | </para> |
211 | <para> | 206 | <para> |
212 | The resulting tree structure presents a clear path of markers (or branches) to the user | 207 | The resulting tree structure presents a clear path of markers (or branches) to the |
213 | that for all practical purposes is the kernel needed for any given set of requirements. | 208 | developer that, for all practical purposes, is the kernel needed for any given set |
209 | of requirements. | ||
214 | </para> | 210 | </para> |
215 | </section> | 211 | </section> |
216 | 212 | ||
@@ -221,50 +217,52 @@ | |||
221 | no longer shared and thus, needs to be isolated. | 217 | no longer shared and thus, needs to be isolated. |
222 | For example, board-specific incompatibilities would require different functionality | 218 | For example, board-specific incompatibilities would require different functionality |
223 | and would require a branch to separate the features. | 219 | and would require a branch to separate the features. |
224 | Likewise, for specific kernel features the same branching strategy is used. | 220 | Likewise, for specific kernel features, the same branching strategy is used. |
221 | </para> | ||
222 | <para> | ||
225 | This branching strategy results in a tree that has features organized to be specific | 223 | This branching strategy results in a tree that has features organized to be specific |
226 | for particular functionality, single kernel types, or a subset of kernel types. | 224 | for particular functionality, single kernel types, or a subset of kernel types. |
227 | This strategy results in not having to store the same feature twice internally in the | 225 | This strategy also results in not having to store the same feature twice |
228 | tree. | 226 | internally in the tree. |
229 | Rather we store the unique differences required to apply the feature onto the kernel type | 227 | Rather, the kernel team stores the unique differences required to apply the |
230 | in question. | 228 | feature onto the kernel type in question. |
229 | <note> | ||
230 | The Yocto Project team strives to place features in the tree such that they can be | ||
231 | shared by all boards and kernel types where possible. | ||
232 | However, during development cycles or when large features are merged, | ||
233 | the team cannot always follow this practice. | ||
234 | In those cases, the team uses isolated branches to merge features. | ||
235 | </note> | ||
231 | </para> | 236 | </para> |
232 | <note><para> | ||
233 | The Yocto Project team strives to place features in the tree such that they can be | ||
234 | shared by all boards and kernel types where possible. | ||
235 | However, during development cycles or when large features are merged this practice | ||
236 | cannot always be followed. | ||
237 | In those cases isolated branches are used for feature merging. | ||
238 | </para></note> | ||
239 | <para> | 237 | <para> |
240 | BSP-specific code additions are handled in a similar manner to kernel-specific additions. | 238 | BSP-specific code additions are handled in a similar manner to kernel-specific additions. |
241 | Some BSPs only make sense given certain kernel types. | 239 | Some BSPs only make sense given certain kernel types. |
242 | So, for these types, we create branches off the end of that kernel type for all | 240 | So, for these types, the team creates branches off the end of that kernel type for all |
243 | of the BSPs that are supported on that kernel type. | 241 | of the BSPs that are supported on that kernel type. |
244 | From the perspective of the tools that create the BSP branch, the BSP is really no | 242 | From the perspective of the tools that create the BSP branch, the BSP is really no |
245 | different than a feature. | 243 | different than a feature. |
246 | Consequently, the same branching strategy applies to BSPs as it does to features. | 244 | Consequently, the same branching strategy applies to BSPs as it does to features. |
247 | So again, rather than store the BSP twice, only the unique differences for the BSP across | 245 | So again, rather than store the BSP twice, the team only stores the unique |
248 | the supported multiple kernels are uniquely stored. | 246 | differences for the BSP across the supported multiple kernels. |
249 | </para> | 247 | </para> |
250 | <para> | 248 | <para> |
251 | While this strategy can result in a tree with a significant number of branches, it is | 249 | While this strategy can result in a tree with a significant number of branches, it is |
252 | important to realize that from the user's point of view, there is a linear | 250 | important to realize that from the developer's point of view, there is a linear |
253 | path that travels from the baseline kernel.org, through a select group of features and | 251 | path that travels from the baseline <filename>kernel.org</filename>, through a select |
254 | ends with their BSP-specific commits. | 252 | group of features and ends with their BSP-specific commits. |
255 | In other words, the divisions of the kernel are transparent and are not relevant | 253 | In other words, the divisions of the kernel are transparent and are not relevant |
256 | to the developer on a day-to-day basis. | 254 | to the developer on a day-to-day basis. |
257 | From the user's perspective, this is the "master" branch. | 255 | From the developer's perspective, this path is the "master" branch. |
258 | They do not need not be aware of the existence of any other branches at all. | 256 | The developer does not need not be aware of the existence of any other branches at all. |
259 | Of course there is value in the existence of these branches | 257 | Of course, there is value in the existence of these branches |
260 | in the tree, should a person decide to explore them. | 258 | in the tree, should a person decide to explore them. |
261 | For example, a comparison between two BSPs at either the commit level or at the line-by-line | 259 | For example, a comparison between two BSPs at either the commit level or at the line-by-line |
262 | code diff level is now a trivial operation. | 260 | code <filename>diff</filename> level is now a trivial operation. |
263 | </para> | 261 | </para> |
264 | <para> | 262 | <para> |
265 | Working with the kernel as a structured tree follows recognized community best practices. | 263 | Working with the kernel as a structured tree follows recognized community best practices. |
266 | In particular, the kernel as shipped with the product should be | 264 | In particular, the kernel as shipped with the product, should be |
267 | considered an 'upstream source' and viewed as a series of | 265 | considered an "upstream source" and viewed as a series of |
268 | historical and documented modifications (commits). | 266 | historical and documented modifications (commits). |
269 | These modifications represent the development and stabilization done | 267 | These modifications represent the development and stabilization done |
270 | by the Yocto Project kernel development team. | 268 | by the Yocto Project kernel development team. |
@@ -273,7 +271,7 @@ | |||
273 | Because commits only change at significant release points in the product life cycle, | 271 | Because commits only change at significant release points in the product life cycle, |
274 | developers can work on a branch created | 272 | developers can work on a branch created |
275 | from the last relevant commit in the shipped Yocto Project kernel. | 273 | from the last relevant commit in the shipped Yocto Project kernel. |
276 | As mentioned previously, the structure is transparent to the user | 274 | As mentioned previously, the structure is transparent to the developer |
277 | because the kernel tree is left in this state after cloning and building the kernel. | 275 | because the kernel tree is left in this state after cloning and building the kernel. |
278 | </para> | 276 | </para> |
279 | </section> | 277 | </section> |
@@ -281,20 +279,26 @@ | |||
281 | <section id='source-code-manager-git'> | 279 | <section id='source-code-manager-git'> |
282 | <title>Source Code Manager - Git</title> | 280 | <title>Source Code Manager - Git</title> |
283 | <para> | 281 | <para> |
284 | The Source Code Manager (SCM) is Git and it is the obvious mechanism for meeting the | 282 | The Source Code Manager (SCM) is Git. |
285 | previously mentioned goals. | 283 | This SCM is the obvious mechanism for meeting the previously mentioned goals. |
286 | Not only is it the SCM for kernel.org but Git continues to grow in popularity and | 284 | Not only is it the SCM for <filename>kernel.org</filename> but, |
287 | supports many different work flows, front-ends and management techniques. | 285 | Git continues to grow in popularity and supports many different work flows, |
286 | front-ends and management techniques. | ||
288 | </para> | 287 | </para> |
289 | <para> | 288 | <para> |
290 | You can find documentation on Git at <ulink url='http://git-scm.com/documentation'></ulink>. | 289 | You can find documentation on Git at <ulink url='http://git-scm.com/documentation'></ulink>. |
291 | Also, the Yocto Project Development manual has an introduction to Git and describes a | 290 | You can also get an introduction to Git as it applies to the Yocto Project in the |
292 | minimal set of commands that allow you to be functional with Git. | 291 | "<ulink url='http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/1.1/dev-manual/dev-manual.html#git'>Git</ulink>" |
292 | section in <ulink url='http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/1.1/dev-manual/dev-manual.html'>The | ||
293 | Yocto Project Development Manual</ulink>. | ||
294 | This section overviews Git and describes a minimal set of commands that allow you to be | ||
295 | functional using Git. | ||
296 | <note> | ||
297 | You can use as much, or as little, of what Git has to offer to accomplish what | ||
298 | you need for your project. | ||
299 | You do not have to be a "Git Master" in order to use it with the Yocto Project. | ||
300 | </note> | ||
293 | </para> | 301 | </para> |
294 | <note><para> | ||
295 | It should be noted that you can use as much, or as little, of what Git has to offer | ||
296 | as is appropriate to your project. | ||
297 | </para></note> | ||
298 | </section> | 302 | </section> |
299 | </section> | 303 | </section> |
300 | 304 | ||
@@ -307,17 +311,19 @@ | |||
307 | present a simplified view of the kernel for ease of use. | 311 | present a simplified view of the kernel for ease of use. |
308 | </para> | 312 | </para> |
309 | <para> | 313 | <para> |
310 | The fundamental properties of the tools that manage and construct the | 314 | Fundamentally, the kernel tools that manage and construct the |
311 | Yocto Project kernel are: | 315 | Yocto Project kernel accomplish the following: |
312 | <itemizedlist> | 316 | <itemizedlist> |
313 | <listitem><para>Group patches into named, reusable features.</para></listitem> | 317 | <listitem><para>Group patches into named, reusable features.</para></listitem> |
314 | <listitem><para>Allow top down control of included features.</para></listitem> | 318 | <listitem><para>Allow top-down control of included features.</para></listitem> |
315 | <listitem><para>Bind kernel configuration to kernel patches and features.</para></listitem> | 319 | <listitem><para>Bind kernel configurations to kernel patches and features.</para></listitem> |
316 | <listitem><para>Present a seamless Git repository that blends Yocto Project value | 320 | <listitem><para>Present a seamless Git repository that blends Yocto Project value |
317 | with the kernel.org history and development.</para></listitem> | 321 | with the <filename>kernel.org</filename> history and development.</para></listitem> |
318 | </itemizedlist> | 322 | </itemizedlist> |
319 | </para> | 323 | </para> |
320 | <!--<para> | 324 | <!--<para> |
325 | WRITER NOTE: Put this in for post 1.1 if possible: | ||
326 | |||
321 | The tools that construct a kernel tree will be discussed later in this | 327 | The tools that construct a kernel tree will be discussed later in this |
322 | document. The following tools form the foundation of the Yocto Project | 328 | document. The following tools form the foundation of the Yocto Project |
323 | kernel toolkit: | 329 | kernel toolkit: |
diff --git a/documentation/kernel-manual/kernel-doc-intro.xml b/documentation/kernel-manual/kernel-doc-intro.xml index e119068393..a9e51725da 100644 --- a/documentation/kernel-manual/kernel-doc-intro.xml +++ b/documentation/kernel-manual/kernel-doc-intro.xml | |||
@@ -20,17 +20,20 @@ | |||
20 | on its history, organization, benefits, and use. | 20 | on its history, organization, benefits, and use. |
21 | The manual consists of two sections: | 21 | The manual consists of two sections: |
22 | <itemizedlist> | 22 | <itemizedlist> |
23 | <listitem><para>Concepts - Describes concepts behind the kernel. | 23 | <listitem><para><emphasis>Concepts:</emphasis> Describes concepts behind the kernel. |
24 | You will understand how the kernel is organized and why it is organized in | 24 | You will understand how the kernel is organized and why it is organized in |
25 | the way it is. You will understand the benefits of the kernel's organization | 25 | the way it is. You will understand the benefits of the kernel's organization |
26 | and the mechanisms used to work with the kernel and how to apply it in your | 26 | and the mechanisms used to work with the kernel and how to apply it in your |
27 | design process.</para></listitem> | 27 | design process.</para></listitem> |
28 | <listitem><para>Using the Kernel - Describes best practices and "how-to" information | 28 | <listitem><para><emphasis>Using the Kernel:</emphasis> Describes best practices |
29 | that lets you put the kernel to practical use. Some examples are "How to Build a | 29 | and "how-to" information |
30 | Project Specific Tree", "How to Examine Changes in a Branch", and "Saving Kernel | 30 | that lets you put the kernel to practical use. |
31 | Modifications."</para></listitem> | 31 | Some examples are "How to Build a |
32 | Project Specific Tree", "How to Examine Changes in a Branch", and "How to | ||
33 | Save Kernel Modifications."</para></listitem> | ||
32 | </itemizedlist> | 34 | </itemizedlist> |
33 | </para> | 35 | </para> |
36 | |||
34 | <para> | 37 | <para> |
35 | For more information on the kernel, see the following links: | 38 | For more information on the kernel, see the following links: |
36 | <itemizedlist> | 39 | <itemizedlist> |
@@ -38,10 +41,19 @@ | |||
38 | <listitem><para><ulink url='http://userweb.kernel.org/~akpm/stuff/tpp.txt'></ulink></para></listitem> | 41 | <listitem><para><ulink url='http://userweb.kernel.org/~akpm/stuff/tpp.txt'></ulink></para></listitem> |
39 | <listitem><para><ulink url='http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git;a=blob_plain;f=Documentation/HOWTO;hb=HEAD'></ulink></para></listitem> | 42 | <listitem><para><ulink url='http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git;a=blob_plain;f=Documentation/HOWTO;hb=HEAD'></ulink></para></listitem> |
40 | </itemizedlist> | 43 | </itemizedlist> |
41 | <para> | 44 | </para> |
42 | You can find more information on Yocto Project by visiting the website at | 45 | |
46 | <para> | ||
47 | For more discussion on the Yocto Project kernel, you can also see the | ||
48 | "<ulink url='http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/1.1/dev-manual/dev-manual.html#kernel-overview'>Kernel Overview</ulink>", | ||
49 | "<ulink url='http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/1.1/dev-manual/dev-manual.html#kernel-modification-workflow'>Kernel Modification Workflow</ulink>", and | ||
50 | "<ulink url='http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/1.1/dev-manual/dev-manual.html#dev-manual-kernel-appendix'>Kernel Modification Example</ulink>" sections all in | ||
51 | <ulink url='http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/1.1/dev-manual/dev-manual.html'>The Yocto Project Development Manual</ulink>. | ||
52 | </para> | ||
53 | |||
54 | <para> | ||
55 | For general information on the Yocto Project, visit the website at | ||
43 | <ulink url='http://www.yoctoproject.org'></ulink>. | 56 | <ulink url='http://www.yoctoproject.org'></ulink>. |
44 | </para> | ||
45 | </para> | 57 | </para> |
46 | </section> | 58 | </section> |
47 | 59 | ||
diff --git a/documentation/kernel-manual/kernel-how-to.xml b/documentation/kernel-manual/kernel-how-to.xml index 86e455357a..e62cfad655 100644 --- a/documentation/kernel-manual/kernel-how-to.xml +++ b/documentation/kernel-manual/kernel-how-to.xml | |||
@@ -16,18 +16,7 @@ | |||
16 | <itemizedlist> | 16 | <itemizedlist> |
17 | <listitem><para>Tree construction</para></listitem> | 17 | <listitem><para>Tree construction</para></listitem> |
18 | <listitem><para>Build strategies</para></listitem> | 18 | <listitem><para>Build strategies</para></listitem> |
19 | <!-- <listitem><para>Series & Configuration Compiler</para></listitem> | ||
20 | <listitem><para>kgit</para></listitem> --> | ||
21 | <listitem><para>Workflow examples</para></listitem> | 19 | <listitem><para>Workflow examples</para></listitem> |
22 | <!-- <listitem><para>Source Code Manager (SCM)</para></listitem> | ||
23 | <listitem><para>Board Support Package (BSP) template migration</para></listitem> | ||
24 | <listitem><para>BSP creation</para></listitem> | ||
25 | <listitem><para>Patching</para></listitem> | ||
26 | <listitem><para>Updating BSP patches and configuration</para></listitem> | ||
27 | <listitem><para>guilt</para></listitem> | ||
28 | <listitem><para>scc file example</para></listitem> | ||
29 | <listitem><para>"dirty" string</para></listitem> | ||
30 | <listitem><para>Transition kernel layer</para></listitem> --> | ||
31 | </itemizedlist> | 20 | </itemizedlist> |
32 | </para> | 21 | </para> |
33 | </section> | 22 | </section> |
@@ -35,65 +24,73 @@ | |||
35 | <section id='tree-construction'> | 24 | <section id='tree-construction'> |
36 | <title>Tree Construction</title> | 25 | <title>Tree Construction</title> |
37 | <para> | 26 | <para> |
38 | The Yocto Project kernel repository, as shipped with the product, is created by | 27 | This section describes construction of the Yocto Project kernel repositories as accomplished |
28 | by the Yocto Project team to create kernel repositories, which are found at | ||
29 | <ulink url='http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit.cgi'>http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit.cgi</ulink>, | ||
30 | that can be shipped as part of a Yocto Project release. | ||
31 | The team creates these repositories by | ||
39 | compiling and executing the set of feature descriptions for every BSP/feature | 32 | compiling and executing the set of feature descriptions for every BSP/feature |
40 | in the product. | 33 | in the product. |
41 | Those feature descriptions list all necessary patches, | 34 | Those feature descriptions list all necessary patches, |
42 | configuration, branching, tagging and feature divisions found in the kernel. | 35 | configuration, branching, tagging and feature divisions found in the kernel. |
43 | Thus, the Yocto Project kernel repository (or tree) is built. | 36 | Thus, the Yocto Project kernel repository (or tree) is built. |
44 | The existence of this tree allows you to build images based on your configurations | 37 | </para> |
38 | <para> | ||
39 | The existence of this tree allows you to access and clone a particular | ||
40 | Linux Yocto kernel repository and use it to build images based on their configurations | ||
45 | and features. | 41 | and features. |
46 | </para> | 42 | </para> |
47 | <para> | 43 | <para> |
48 | You can find the files used to describe all the valid features and BSPs in the Yocto Project | 44 | You can find the files used to describe all the valid features and BSPs |
49 | kernel in any clone of the kernel Git tree. | 45 | in the Yocto Project kernel in any clone of the Linux Yocto kernel source repository Git tree. |
50 | For example, the following command clones the Yocto Project baseline kernel that | 46 | For example, the following command clones the Yocto Project baseline kernel that |
51 | branched off of linux.org version 2.6.37: | 47 | branched off of <filename>linux.org</filename> version 3.0: |
52 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | 48 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> |
53 | $ git clone http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/linux-yocto-2.6.37 | 49 | $ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/linux-yocto-3.0 |
54 | </literallayout> | 50 | </literallayout> |
55 | After you switch to the <filename>meta</filename> branch within the repository | 51 | For another example of how to set up a local Git repository of the Linux Yocto |
56 | you can see a snapshot of all the kernel configuration and feature descriptions that are | 52 | kernel files, see the |
53 | "<ulink url='http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/1.1/dev-manual/dev-manual.html#local-kernel-files'>Linux Yocto Kernel</ulink>" bulleted item in | ||
54 | <ulink url='http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/1.1/dev-manual/dev-manual.html'>The Yocto Project Development Manual</ulink>. | ||
55 | </para> | ||
56 | <para> | ||
57 | Once the Git repository is set up on your local machine, you can switch to the | ||
58 | <filename>meta</filename> branch within the repository. | ||
59 | Here, you can see a snapshot of all the kernel configuration and feature descriptions that are | ||
57 | used to build the kernel repository. | 60 | used to build the kernel repository. |
58 | These descriptions are in the form of <filename>.scc</filename> files. | 61 | These descriptions are in the form of <filename>.scc</filename> files. |
59 | </para> | 62 | </para> |
60 | <para> | 63 | <para> |
61 | You should realize, however, that browsing the snapshot of feature | 64 | You should realize, however, that browsing your local snapshot of feature |
62 | descriptions and patches is not an effective way to determine what is in a | 65 | descriptions and patches is not an effective way to determine what is in a |
63 | particular kernel branch. | 66 | particular kernel branch. |
64 | Instead, you should use Git directly to discover the changes | 67 | Instead, you should use Git directly to discover the changes in a branch. |
65 | in a branch. | ||
66 | Using Git is an efficient and flexible way to inspect changes to the kernel. | 68 | Using Git is an efficient and flexible way to inspect changes to the kernel. |
67 | For examples showing how to use Git to inspect kernel commits, see the following sections | 69 | For examples showing how to use Git to inspect kernel commits, see the following sections |
68 | in this chapter. | 70 | in this chapter. |
71 | <note> | ||
72 | Ground up reconstruction of the complete kernel tree is an action only taken by the | ||
73 | Yocto Project team during an active development cycle. | ||
74 | When you create a clone of the kernel Git repository, you are simply making it | ||
75 | efficiently available for building and development. | ||
76 | </note> | ||
69 | </para> | 77 | </para> |
70 | <note><para> | ||
71 | Ground up reconstruction of the complete kernel tree is an action only taken by the | ||
72 | Yocto Project team during an active development cycle. | ||
73 | Creating a project simply clones this tree to make it efficiently available for building | ||
74 | and development. | ||
75 | </para></note> | ||
76 | <para> | 78 | <para> |
77 | The following steps describe what happens during tree construction given the introduction | 79 | The following steps describe what happens when the Yocto kernel team constructs |
78 | of a new top-level kernel feature or BSP. | 80 | the kernel tree given the introduction of a new top-level kernel feature or BSP. |
79 | These are the actions that effectively create the tree that includes the new feature, patch, | 81 | These are the actions that effectively create the tree that includes the new feature, patch, |
80 | or BSP: | 82 | or BSP: |
81 | <orderedlist> | 83 | <orderedlist> |
82 | <listitem><para>A top-level kernel feature is passed to the kernel build subsystem. | 84 | <listitem><para>A top-level kernel feature is passed to the kernel build subsystem. |
83 | Normally, this is a BSP for a particular kernel type.</para></listitem> | 85 | Normally, this feature is a BSP for a particular kernel type.</para></listitem> |
84 | |||
85 | <listitem><para>The file that describes the top-level feature is located by searching | 86 | <listitem><para>The file that describes the top-level feature is located by searching |
86 | these system directories: | 87 | these system directories: |
87 | |||
88 | <itemizedlist> | 88 | <itemizedlist> |
89 | <listitem><para>The in-tree kernel-cache directories, which are located | 89 | <listitem><para>The in-tree kernel-cache directories, which are located |
90 | in <filename>meta/cfg/kernel-cache</filename></para></listitem> | 90 | in <filename>meta/cfg/kernel-cache</filename></para></listitem> |
91 | <!-- <listitem><para>kernel-*-cache directories in layers</para></listitem> --> | ||
92 | <listitem><para>Areas pointed to by <filename>SRC_URI</filename> statements | 91 | <listitem><para>Areas pointed to by <filename>SRC_URI</filename> statements |
93 | found in recipes</para></listitem> | 92 | found in recipes</para></listitem> |
94 | <!-- <listitem><para>configured and default templates</para></listitem> --> | ||
95 | </itemizedlist> | 93 | </itemizedlist> |
96 | |||
97 | For a typical build, the target of the search is a | 94 | For a typical build, the target of the search is a |
98 | feature description in an <filename>.scc</filename> file | 95 | feature description in an <filename>.scc</filename> file |
99 | whose name follows this format: | 96 | whose name follows this format: |
@@ -101,85 +98,60 @@ | |||
101 | <bsp_name>-<kernel_type>.scc | 98 | <bsp_name>-<kernel_type>.scc |
102 | </literallayout> | 99 | </literallayout> |
103 | </para></listitem> | 100 | </para></listitem> |
104 | |||
105 | <listitem><para>Once located, the feature description is either compiled into a simple script | 101 | <listitem><para>Once located, the feature description is either compiled into a simple script |
106 | of actions, or into an existing equivalent script that is already part of the | 102 | of actions, or into an existing equivalent script that is already part of the |
107 | shipped kernel.</para></listitem> | 103 | shipped kernel.</para></listitem> |
108 | |||
109 | <listitem><para>Extra features are appended to the top-level feature description. | 104 | <listitem><para>Extra features are appended to the top-level feature description. |
110 | These features can come from the <filename>KERNEL_FEATURES</filename> variable in | 105 | These features can come from the <filename>KERNEL_FEATURES</filename> variable in |
111 | recipes.</para></listitem> | 106 | recipes.</para></listitem> |
112 | |||
113 | <listitem><para>Each extra feature is located, compiled and appended to the script | 107 | <listitem><para>Each extra feature is located, compiled and appended to the script |
114 | as described in step three.</para></listitem> | 108 | as described in step three.</para></listitem> |
115 | 109 | <listitem><para>The script is executed to produce a series of <filename>meta-*</filename> | |
116 | <listitem><para>The script is executed to produce a meta-series. | 110 | directories. |
117 | The meta-series is a description of all the branches, tags, patches and configurations that | 111 | These directories are descriptions of all the branches, tags, patches and configurations that |
118 | need to be applied to the base Git repository to completely create the | 112 | need to be applied to the base Git repository to completely create the |
119 | source (build) branch for the new BSP or feature.</para></listitem> | 113 | source (build) branch for the new BSP or feature.</para></listitem> |
120 | |||
121 | <listitem><para>The base repository is cloned, and the actions | 114 | <listitem><para>The base repository is cloned, and the actions |
122 | listed in the meta-series are applied to the tree.</para></listitem> | 115 | listed in the <filename>meta-*</filename> directories are applied to the |
123 | 116 | tree.</para></listitem> | |
124 | <listitem><para>The Git repository is left with the desired branch checked out and any | 117 | <listitem><para>The Git repository is left with the desired branch checked out and any |
125 | required branching, patching and tagging has been performed.</para></listitem> | 118 | required branching, patching and tagging has been performed.</para></listitem> |
126 | </orderedlist> | 119 | </orderedlist> |
127 | </para> | 120 | </para> |
128 | |||
129 | <para> | 121 | <para> |
130 | The tree is now ready for configuration and compilation. | 122 | The kernel tree is now ready for developer consumption to be locally cloned, |
123 | configured, and built into a Linux Yocto kernel specific to some target hardware. | ||
124 | <note><para>The generated <filename>meta-*</filename> directories add to the kernel | ||
125 | as shipped with the Yocto Project release. | ||
126 | Any add-ons and configuration data are applied to the end of an existing branch. | ||
127 | The full repository generation that is found in the | ||
128 | official Yocto Project kernel repositories at | ||
129 | <ulink url='http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit.cgi'>http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit.cgi</ulink> | ||
130 | is the combination of all supported boards and configurations.</para> | ||
131 | <para>The technique the Yocto Project team uses is flexible and allows for seamless | ||
132 | blending of an immutable history with additional deployment specific patches. | ||
133 | Any additions to the kernel become an integrated part of the branches.</para> | ||
134 | </note> | ||
131 | </para> | 135 | </para> |
132 | |||
133 | <note><para>The end-user generated meta-series adds to the kernel as shipped with | ||
134 | the Yocto Project release. | ||
135 | Any add-ons and configuration data are applied to the end of an existing branch. | ||
136 | The full repository generation that is found in the | ||
137 | official Yocto Project kernel repositories is the combination of all | ||
138 | supported boards and configurations.</para> | ||
139 | |||
140 | <para>This technique is flexible and allows for seamless blending of an immutable | ||
141 | history with additional deployment specific patches. | ||
142 | Any additions to the kernel become an integrated part of the branches. | ||
143 | </para></note> | ||
144 | |||
145 | <!-- <note><para>It is key that feature descriptions indicate if any branches are | ||
146 | required, since the build system cannot automatically decide where a | ||
147 | BSP should branch or if that branch point needs a name with | ||
148 | significance. There is a single restriction enforced by the compilation | ||
149 | phase: | ||
150 | </para> | ||
151 | <para>A BSP must create a branch of the format <bsp name>-<kernel type>.</para> | ||
152 | |||
153 | <para>This means that all merged/support BSPs must indicate where to start | ||
154 | its branch from, with the right name, in its .scc files. The scc | ||
155 | section describes the available branching commands in more detail. | ||
156 | </para> | ||
157 | </note> --> | ||
158 | |||
159 | <!-- <para> | ||
160 | A summary of end user tree construction activities follow: | ||
161 | <itemizedlist> | ||
162 | <listitem><para>compile and link a full top-down kernel description from feature descriptions</para></listitem> | ||
163 | <listitem><para>execute the complete description to generate a meta-series</para></listitem> | ||
164 | <listitem><para>interpret the meta-series to create a customized Git repository for the | ||
165 | board</para></listitem> | ||
166 | <listitem><para>migrate configuration fragments and configure the kernel</para></listitem> | ||
167 | <listitem><para>checkout the BSP branch and build</para></listitem> | ||
168 | </itemizedlist> | ||
169 | </para> --> | ||
170 | </section> | 136 | </section> |
171 | 137 | ||
172 | <section id='build-strategy'> | 138 | <section id='build-strategy'> |
173 | <title>Build Strategy</title> | 139 | <title>Build Strategy</title> |
174 | <para> | 140 | <para> |
175 | There are some prerequisites that must be met before starting the compilation | 141 | Once a local Git repository of the Linux Yocto kernel exists on a development system, |
142 | you can consider the compilation phase of kernel development - building a kernel image. | ||
143 | Some prerequisites exist that must be met before starting the compilation | ||
176 | phase of the kernel build system: | 144 | phase of the kernel build system: |
177 | </para> | 145 | </para> |
178 | 146 | ||
179 | <itemizedlist> | 147 | <itemizedlist> |
180 | <listitem><para>There must be a kernel Git repository indicated in the SRC_URI.</para></listitem> | 148 | <listitem><para>The <filename>SRC_URI</filename> must point to the kernel Git |
181 | <listitem><para>There must be a BSP build branch - <bsp name>-<kernel type> in 0.9 or | 149 | repository.</para></listitem> |
182 | <kernel type>/<bsp name> in 1.0.</para></listitem> | 150 | <listitem><para>A BSP build branch must exist. |
151 | This branch has the following form: | ||
152 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
153 | <kernel_type>/<bsp_name> | ||
154 | </literallayout></para></listitem> | ||
183 | </itemizedlist> | 155 | </itemizedlist> |
184 | 156 | ||
185 | <para> | 157 | <para> |
@@ -187,15 +159,15 @@ A summary of end user tree construction activities follow: | |||
187 | of the build system. | 159 | of the build system. |
188 | However, other means do exist. | 160 | However, other means do exist. |
189 | For examples of alternate workflows such as bootstrapping a BSP, see | 161 | For examples of alternate workflows such as bootstrapping a BSP, see |
190 | the<link linkend='workflow-examples'> Workflow Examples</link> section in this manual. | 162 | the "<link linkend='workflow-examples'>Workflow Examples</link>". |
191 | </para> | 163 | </para> |
192 | 164 | ||
193 | <para> | 165 | <para> |
194 | Before building a kernel it is configured by processing all of the | 166 | Before building a kernel, the build process configures the kernel by processing all of the |
195 | configuration "fragments" specified by feature descriptions in the <filename>scc</filename> | 167 | configuration "fragments" specified by feature descriptions in the <filename>.scc</filename> |
196 | files. | 168 | files. |
197 | As the features are compiled, associated kernel configuration fragments are noted | 169 | As the features are compiled, associated kernel configuration fragments are noted |
198 | and recorded in the meta-series in their compilation order. | 170 | and recorded in the <filename>meta-*</filename> series of directories in their compilation order. |
199 | The fragments are migrated, pre-processed and passed to the Linux Kernel | 171 | The fragments are migrated, pre-processed and passed to the Linux Kernel |
200 | Configuration subsystem (<filename>lkc</filename>) as raw input in the form | 172 | Configuration subsystem (<filename>lkc</filename>) as raw input in the form |
201 | of a <filename>.config</filename> file. | 173 | of a <filename>.config</filename> file. |
@@ -205,201 +177,47 @@ A summary of end user tree construction activities follow: | |||
205 | </para> | 177 | </para> |
206 | 178 | ||
207 | <para> | 179 | <para> |
208 | Using the board's architecture and other relevant values from the board's template | 180 | Using the board's architecture and other relevant values from the board's template, |
209 | the Kernel compilation is started and a kernel image is produced. | 181 | kernel compilation is started and a kernel image is produced. |
210 | </para> | 182 | </para> |
211 | 183 | ||
212 | <para>The other thing that you will first see once you configure a kernel is that | 184 | <para> |
213 | it will generate a build tree that is separate from your Git source tree. | 185 | The other thing that you notice once you configure a kernel is that |
214 | This build tree has the name using the following form: | 186 | the build process generates a build tree that is separate from your kernel's local Git |
187 | source repository tree. | ||
188 | This build tree has a name that uses the following form, where | ||
189 | <filename>${MACHINE}</filename> is the metadata name of the machine (BSP) and "kernel_type" is one | ||
190 | of the Yocto Project supported kernel types (e.g. "standard"): | ||
215 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | 191 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> |
216 | linux-<BSPname>-<kerntype>-build | 192 | linux-${MACHINE}-<kernel_type>-build |
217 | </literallayout> | 193 | </literallayout> |
218 | "kerntype" is one of the standard kernel types. | ||
219 | </para> | 194 | </para> |
220 | 195 | ||
221 | <para> | 196 | <para> |
222 | The existing support in the kernel.org tree achieves this default functionality. | 197 | The existing support in the <filename>kernel.org</filename> tree achieves this |
198 | default functionality. | ||
223 | </para> | 199 | </para> |
224 | 200 | ||
225 | <para> | 201 | <para> |
226 | What this means, is that all the generated files for a particular BSP are now in this directory. | 202 | What this means, is that all the generated files for a particular machine or BSP are now in |
227 | The files include the final <filename>.config</filename>, all the <filename>.o</filename> | 203 | the build tree directory. |
204 | The files include the final <filename>.config</filename> file, all the <filename>.o</filename> | ||
228 | files, the <filename>.a</filename> files, and so forth. | 205 | files, the <filename>.a</filename> files, and so forth. |
229 | Since each BSP has its own separate build directory in its own separate branch | 206 | Since each machine or BSP has its own separate build directory in its own separate branch |
230 | of the Git tree you can easily switch between different BSP builds. | 207 | of the Git repository, you can easily switch between different builds. |
231 | </para> | 208 | </para> |
232 | </section> | 209 | </section> |
233 | 210 | ||
234 | <!-- <section id='scc'> | ||
235 | <title>Series & Configuration Compiler (SCC)</title> | ||
236 | <para> | ||
237 | In early versions of the product, kernel patches were simply listed in a flat | ||
238 | file called "patches.list", and then quilt was added as a tool to help | ||
239 | traverse this list, which in quilt terms was called a "series" file. | ||
240 | </para> | ||
241 | <para> | ||
242 | Before the 2.0 release, it was already apparent that a static series file was | ||
243 | too inflexible, and that the series file had to become more dynamic and rely | ||
244 | on certain state (like kernel type) in order to determine whether a patch was | ||
245 | to be used or not. The 2.0 release already made use of some stateful | ||
246 | construction of series files, but since the delivery mechanism was unchanged | ||
247 | (tar + patches + series files), most people were not aware of anything really | ||
248 | different. The 3.0 release continues with this stateful construction of | ||
249 | series files, but since the delivery mechanism is changed (Git + branches) it | ||
250 | now is more apparent to people. | ||
251 | </para> | ||
252 | <para> | ||
253 | As was previously mentioned, scc is a "series and configuration | ||
254 | compiler". Its role is to combine feature descriptions into a format that can | ||
255 | be used to generate a meta-series. A meta series contains all the required | ||
256 | information to construct a complete set of branches that are required to | ||
257 | build a desired board and feature set. The meta series is interpreted by the | ||
258 | kgit tools to create a Git repository that could be built. | ||
259 | </para> | ||
260 | <para> | ||
261 | To illustrate how scc works, a feature description must first be understood. | ||
262 | A feature description is simply a small bash shell script that is executed by | ||
263 | scc in a controlled environment. Each feature description describes a set of | ||
264 | operations that add patches, modify existing patches or configure the | ||
265 | kernel. It is key that feature descriptions can include other features, and | ||
266 | hence allow the division of patches and configuration into named, reusable | ||
267 | containers. | ||
268 | </para> | ||
269 | <para> | ||
270 | Each feature description can use any of the following valid scc commands: | ||
271 | <itemizedlist> | ||
272 | <listitem><para>shell constructs: bash conditionals and other utilities can be used in a feature | ||
273 | description. During compilation, the working directory is the feature | ||
274 | description itself, so any command that is "raw shell" and not from the | ||
275 | list of supported commands, can not directly modify a Git repository.</para></listitem> | ||
276 | |||
277 | <listitem><para>patch <relative path>/<patch name>: outputs a patch to be included in a feature's patch set. Only the name of | ||
278 | the patch is supplied, the path is calculated from the currently set | ||
279 | patch directory, which is normally the feature directory itself.</para></listitem> | ||
280 | |||
281 | <listitem><para>patch_trigger >condition< >action< <tgt>: indicate that a trigger should be set to perform an action on a | ||
282 | patch.</para> | ||
283 | |||
284 | <para>The conditions can be: | ||
285 | |||
286 | <itemizedlist> | ||
287 | <listitem><para>arch:<comma separated arch list or "all"></para></listitem> | ||
288 | <listitem><para>plat:<comma separated platform list or "all"></para></listitem> | ||
289 | </itemizedlist></para> | ||
290 | <para>The action can be: | ||
291 | <itemizedlist> | ||
292 | <listitem><para>exclude: This is used in exceptional situations where a patch | ||
293 | cannot be applied for certain reasons (arch or platform). | ||
294 | When the trigger is satisfied the patch will be removed from | ||
295 | the patch list.</para></listitem> | ||
296 | <listitem><para>include: This is used to include a patch only for a specific trigger. | ||
297 | Like exclude, this should only be used when necessary. | ||
298 | It takes 1 argument, the patch to include.</para></listitem> | ||
299 | </itemizedlist></para></listitem> | ||
300 | |||
301 | <listitem><para>include <feature name> [after <feature>]: includes a feature for processing. The feature is "expanded" at the | ||
302 | position of the include directive. This means that any patches, | ||
303 | configuration or sub-includes of the feature will appear in the final | ||
304 | series before the commands that follow the include.</para> | ||
305 | <para> | ||
306 | include searches the include directories for a matching feature name, | ||
307 | include directories are passed to scc by the caller using -I <path> and | ||
308 | is transparent to the feature script. This means that <feature name> must | ||
309 | be relative to one of the search paths. For example, if | ||
310 | /opt/kernel-cache/feat/sched.scc is to be included and scc is invoked | ||
311 | with -I /opt/kernel-cache, then a feature would issue "include | ||
312 | feat/sched.scc" to include the feature. | ||
313 | </para> | ||
314 | <para> | ||
315 | The optional "after" directive allows a feature to modify the existing | ||
316 | order of includes and insert a feature after the named feature is | ||
317 | processed. Note: the "include foo after bar" must be issued before "bar" | ||
318 | is processed, so is normally only used by a new top level feature to | ||
319 | modify the order of features in something it is including.</para></listitem> | ||
320 | |||
321 | <listitem><para>exclude <feature name>: Indicates that a particular feature should *not* be included even if an | ||
322 | 'include' directive is found. The exclude must be issued before the | ||
323 | include is processed, so is normally only used by a new top level feature | ||
324 | to modify the order of features in something it is including.</para></listitem> | ||
325 | |||
326 | <listitem><para>git <command>: Issues any Git command during tree construction. Note: this command is | ||
327 | not validated/sanitized so care must be taken to not damage the | ||
328 | tree. This can be used to script branching, tagging, pulls or other Git | ||
329 | operations.</para></listitem> | ||
330 | |||
331 | <listitem><para>dir <directory>: changes the working directory for "patch" directives. This can be used to | ||
332 | shorten a long sequence of patches by not requiring a common relative | ||
333 | directory to be issued each time.</para></listitem> | ||
334 | |||
335 | <listitem><para>kconf <type> <fragment name>: associates a kernel config frag with the feature. | ||
336 | <type> can be | ||
337 | "hardware" or "non-hardware" and is used by the kernel configuration | ||
338 | subsystem to audit configuration. <fragment name> is the name of a file | ||
339 | in the current feature directory that contains a series of kernel | ||
340 | configuration options. There is no restriction on the chosen fragment | ||
341 | name, although a suffix of ".cfg" is recommended. Multiple fragment | ||
342 | specifications are supported.</para></listitem> | ||
343 | |||
344 | <listitem><para>branch <branch name>: creates a branch in the tree. All subsequent patch commands will be | ||
345 | applied to the new branch and changes isolated from the rest of the | ||
346 | repository.</para></listitem> | ||
347 | |||
348 | <listitem><para>scc_leaf <base feature> <branch name>: Performs a combination feature include and branch. This is mainly a | ||
349 | convenience directive, but has significance to some build system bindings | ||
350 | as a sentinel to indicate that this intends to create a branch that is | ||
351 | valid for kernel compilation.</para></listitem> | ||
352 | |||
353 | <listitem><para>tag <tag name>: Tags the tree. The tag will be applied in processing order, so will | ||
354 | be after already applied patches and precede patches yet to be applied.</para></listitem> | ||
355 | |||
356 | <listitem><para>define <var> <value>: Creates a variable with a particular value that can be used in subsequent | ||
357 | feature descriptions.</para></listitem> | ||
358 | </itemizedlist> | ||
359 | |||
360 | </para> | ||
361 | </section> --> | ||
362 | |||
363 | <!-- <section id='kgit-tools'> | ||
364 | <title>kgit Tools</title> | ||
365 | <para> | ||
366 | The kgit tools are responsible for constructing and maintaining the Wind | ||
367 | River kernel repository. These activities include importing, exporting, and | ||
368 | applying patches as well as sanity checking and branch management. From the | ||
369 | developers perspective, the kgit tools are hidden and rarely require | ||
370 | interactive use. But one tool in particular that warrants further description | ||
371 | is "kgit-meta". | ||
372 | </para> | ||
373 | <para> | ||
374 | kgit-meta is the actual application of feature description(s) to a kernel repo. | ||
375 | In other words, it is responsible for interpreting the meta series generated | ||
376 | from a scc compiled script. As a result, kgit-meta is coupled to the set of | ||
377 | commands permitted in a .scc feature description (listed in the scc section). | ||
378 | kgit-meta understands both the meta series format and how to use Git and | ||
379 | guilt to modify a base Git repository. It processes a meta-series line by | ||
380 | line, branching, tagging, patching and tracking changes that are made to the | ||
381 | base Git repository. | ||
382 | </para> | ||
383 | <para> | ||
384 | Once kgit-meta has processed a meta-series, it leaves the repository with the | ||
385 | last branch checked out, and creates the necessary guilt infrastructure to | ||
386 | inspect the tree, or add to it via using guilt. As was previously mentioned, | ||
387 | guilt is not required, but is provided as a convenience. Other utilities such | ||
388 | as quilt, stgit, Git or others can also be used to manipulate the Git | ||
389 | repository. | ||
390 | </para> | ||
391 | </section> --> | ||
392 | |||
393 | <section id='workflow-examples'> | 211 | <section id='workflow-examples'> |
394 | <title>Workflow Examples</title> | 212 | <title>Workflow Examples</title> |
395 | 213 | ||
396 | <para> | 214 | <para> |
397 | As previously noted, the Yocto Project kernel has built in Git integration. | 215 | As previously noted, the Yocto Project kernel has built in Git integration. |
398 | However, these utilities are not the only way to work with the kernel repository. | 216 | However, these utilities are not the only way to work with the kernel repository. |
399 | Yocto Project has not made changes to Git or to other tools that | 217 | The Yocto Project has not made changes to Git or to other tools that |
400 | would invalidate alternate workflows. | 218 | would invalidate alternate workflows. |
401 | Additionally, the way the kernel repository is constructed results in using | 219 | Additionally, the way the kernel repository is constructed results in using |
402 | only core Git functionality thus allowing any number of tools or front ends to use the | 220 | only core Git functionality, thus allowing any number of tools or front ends to use the |
403 | resulting tree. | 221 | resulting tree. |
404 | </para> | 222 | </para> |
405 | 223 | ||
@@ -417,7 +235,7 @@ repository. | |||
417 | 235 | ||
418 | <para> | 236 | <para> |
419 | In projects that have a collection of directories that | 237 | In projects that have a collection of directories that |
420 | contain patches to the kernel it is possible to inspect or "grep" the contents | 238 | contain patches to the kernel, it is possible to inspect or "grep" the contents |
421 | of the directories to get a general feel for the changes. | 239 | of the directories to get a general feel for the changes. |
422 | This sort of patch inspection is not an efficient way to determine what has been done to the | 240 | This sort of patch inspection is not an efficient way to determine what has been done to the |
423 | kernel. | 241 | kernel. |
@@ -441,15 +259,12 @@ repository. | |||
441 | Note that because the Yocto Project Git repository does not break existing Git | 259 | Note that because the Yocto Project Git repository does not break existing Git |
442 | functionality and because there exists many permutations of these types of | 260 | functionality and because there exists many permutations of these types of |
443 | commands there are many more methods to discover changes. | 261 | commands there are many more methods to discover changes. |
444 | </para> | 262 | <note> |
445 | 263 | Unless you provide a commit range | |
446 | <note><para> | 264 | (<kernel-type>..<bsp>-<kernel-type>), <filename>kernel.org</filename> history |
447 | Unless you provide a commit range | 265 | is blended with Yocto Project changes. |
448 | (<kernel-type>..<bsp>-<kernel-type>), kernel.org history | 266 | </note> |
449 | is blended with Yocto Project changes. | 267 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> |
450 | </para></note> | ||
451 | |||
452 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
453 | # full description of the changes | 268 | # full description of the changes |
454 | > git whatchanged <kernel type>..<kernel type>/<bsp> | 269 | > git whatchanged <kernel type>..<kernel type>/<bsp> |
455 | > eg: git whatchanged yocto/standard/base..yocto/standard/common-pc/base | 270 | > eg: git whatchanged yocto/standard/base..yocto/standard/common-pc/base |
@@ -469,7 +284,8 @@ repository. | |||
469 | 284 | ||
470 | # determine the commits which touch each line in a file | 285 | # determine the commits which touch each line in a file |
471 | > git blame <path to file> | 286 | > git blame <path to file> |
472 | </literallayout> | 287 | </literallayout> |
288 | </para> | ||
473 | </section> | 289 | </section> |
474 | 290 | ||
475 | <section id='show-a-particular-feature-or-branch-change'> | 291 | <section id='show-a-particular-feature-or-branch-change'> |
@@ -479,13 +295,11 @@ repository. | |||
479 | Significant features or branches are tagged in the Yocto Project tree to divide | 295 | Significant features or branches are tagged in the Yocto Project tree to divide |
480 | changes. | 296 | changes. |
481 | Remember to first determine (or add) the tag of interest. | 297 | Remember to first determine (or add) the tag of interest. |
482 | </para> | 298 | <note> |
483 | 299 | Because BSP branch, <filename>kernel.org</filename>, and feature tags are all | |
484 | <note><para> | 300 | present, there could be many tags. |
485 | Because BSP branch, kernel.org, and feature tags are all present, there are many tags. | 301 | </note> |
486 | </para></note> | 302 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> |
487 | |||
488 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
489 | # show the changes tagged by a feature | 303 | # show the changes tagged by a feature |
490 | > git show <tag> | 304 | > git show <tag> |
491 | > eg: git show yaffs2 | 305 | > eg: git show yaffs2 |
@@ -496,11 +310,13 @@ repository. | |||
496 | # show the changes in a kernel type | 310 | # show the changes in a kernel type |
497 | > git whatchanged yocto/base..<kernel type> | 311 | > git whatchanged yocto/base..<kernel type> |
498 | > eg: git whatchanged yocto/base..yocto/standard/base | 312 | > eg: git whatchanged yocto/base..yocto/standard/base |
499 | </literallayout> | 313 | </literallayout> |
314 | </para> | ||
500 | 315 | ||
501 | <para> | 316 | <para> |
502 | You can use many other comparisons to isolate BSP changes. | 317 | You can use many other comparisons to isolate BSP changes. |
503 | For example, you can compare against kernel.org tags (e.g. v2.6.27.18, etc), or | 318 | For example, you can compare against <filename>kernel.org</filename> tags |
319 | (e.g. v2.6.27.18, etc), or | ||
504 | you can compare against subsystems (e.g. <filename>git whatchanged mm</filename>). | 320 | you can compare against subsystems (e.g. <filename>git whatchanged mm</filename>). |
505 | </para> | 321 | </para> |
506 | </section> | 322 | </section> |
@@ -510,8 +326,8 @@ repository. | |||
510 | <title>Development: Saving Kernel Modifications</title> | 326 | <title>Development: Saving Kernel Modifications</title> |
511 | 327 | ||
512 | <para> | 328 | <para> |
513 | Another common operation is to build a BSP supplied by Yocto Project, make some | 329 | Another common operation is to build a BSP supplied by the Yocto Project, make some |
514 | changes, rebuild and then test. | 330 | changes, rebuild, and then test. |
515 | Those local changes often need to be exported, shared or otherwise maintained. | 331 | Those local changes often need to be exported, shared or otherwise maintained. |
516 | </para> | 332 | </para> |
517 | 333 | ||
@@ -519,7 +335,7 @@ repository. | |||
519 | Since the Yocto Project kernel source tree is backed by Git, this activity is | 335 | Since the Yocto Project kernel source tree is backed by Git, this activity is |
520 | much easier as compared to with previous releases. | 336 | much easier as compared to with previous releases. |
521 | Because Git tracks file modifications, additions and deletions, it is easy | 337 | Because Git tracks file modifications, additions and deletions, it is easy |
522 | to modify the code and later realize that the changes should be saved. | 338 | to modify the code and later realize that you need to save the changes. |
523 | It is also easy to determine what has changed. | 339 | It is also easy to determine what has changed. |
524 | This method also provides many tools to commit, undo and export those modifications. | 340 | This method also provides many tools to commit, undo and export those modifications. |
525 | </para> | 341 | </para> |
@@ -529,45 +345,43 @@ repository. | |||
529 | The technique employed | 345 | The technique employed |
530 | depends on the destination for the patches: | 346 | depends on the destination for the patches: |
531 | 347 | ||
532 | <itemizedlist> | 348 | <itemizedlist> |
533 | <listitem><para>Bulk storage</para></listitem> | 349 | <listitem><para>Bulk storage</para></listitem> |
534 | <listitem><para>Internal sharing either through patches or by using Git</para></listitem> | 350 | <listitem><para>Internal sharing either through patches or by using Git</para></listitem> |
535 | <listitem><para>External submissions</para></listitem> | 351 | <listitem><para>External submissions</para></listitem> |
536 | <listitem><para>Exporting for integration into another SCM</para></listitem> | 352 | <listitem><para>Exporting for integration into another Source Code |
537 | </itemizedlist> | 353 | Manager (SCM)</para></listitem> |
354 | </itemizedlist> | ||
538 | </para> | 355 | </para> |
539 | 356 | ||
540 | <para> | 357 | <para> |
541 | Because of the following list of issues, the destination of the patches also influences | 358 | Because of the following list of issues, the destination of the patches also influences |
542 | the method for gathering them: | 359 | the method for gathering them: |
543 | 360 | ||
544 | <itemizedlist> | 361 | <itemizedlist> |
545 | <listitem><para>Bisectability</para></listitem> | 362 | <listitem><para>Bisectability</para></listitem> |
546 | <listitem><para>Commit headers</para></listitem> | 363 | <listitem><para>Commit headers</para></listitem> |
547 | <listitem><para>Division of subsystems for separate submission or review</para></listitem> | 364 | <listitem><para>Division of subsystems for separate submission or review</para></listitem> |
548 | </itemizedlist> | 365 | </itemizedlist> |
549 | </para> | 366 | </para> |
550 | 367 | ||
551 | <section id='bulk-export'> | 368 | <section id='bulk-export'> |
552 | <title>Bulk Export</title> | 369 | <title>Bulk Export</title> |
553 | 370 | ||
554 | <para> | 371 | <para> |
555 | This section describes how you can export in "bulk" changes that have not | 372 | This section describes how you can "bulk" export changes that have not |
556 | been separated or divided. | 373 | been separated or divided. |
557 | This situation works well when you are simply storing patches outside of the kernel | 374 | This situation works well when you are simply storing patches outside of the kernel |
558 | source repository, either permanently or temporarily, and you are not committing | 375 | source repository, either permanently or temporarily, and you are not committing |
559 | incremental changes during development. | 376 | incremental changes during development. |
560 | </para> | 377 | <note> |
561 | 378 | This technique is not appropriate for full integration of upstream submission | |
562 | <note><para> | 379 | because changes are not properly divided and do not provide an avenue for per-change |
563 | This technique is not appropriate for full integration of upstream submission | 380 | commit messages. |
564 | because changes are not properly divided and do not provide an avenue for per-change | 381 | Therefore, this example assumes that changes have not been committed incrementally |
565 | commit messages. | 382 | during development and that you simply must gather and export them. |
566 | Therefore, this example assumes that changes have not been committed incrementally | 383 | </note> |
567 | during development and that you simply must gather and export them. | 384 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> |
568 | </para></note> | ||
569 | |||
570 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
571 | # bulk export of ALL modifications without separation or division | 385 | # bulk export of ALL modifications without separation or division |
572 | # of the changes | 386 | # of the changes |
573 | 387 | ||
@@ -575,7 +389,8 @@ repository. | |||
575 | > git commit -s -a -m >commit message< | 389 | > git commit -s -a -m >commit message< |
576 | or | 390 | or |
577 | > git commit -s -a # and interact with $EDITOR | 391 | > git commit -s -a # and interact with $EDITOR |
578 | </literallayout> | 392 | </literallayout> |
393 | </para> | ||
579 | 394 | ||
580 | <para> | 395 | <para> |
581 | The previous operations capture all the local changes in the project source | 396 | The previous operations capture all the local changes in the project source |
@@ -596,18 +411,19 @@ repository. | |||
596 | <para> | 411 | <para> |
597 | This section describes how to save modifications when you are making incremental | 412 | This section describes how to save modifications when you are making incremental |
598 | commits or practicing planned sharing. | 413 | commits or practicing planned sharing. |
599 | The examples in this section assume that changes have been incrementally committed | 414 | The examples in this section assume that you have incrementally committed |
600 | to the tree during development and now need to be exported. The sections that follow | 415 | changes to the tree during development and now need to export them. |
416 | The sections that follow | ||
601 | describe how you can export your changes internally through either patches or by | 417 | describe how you can export your changes internally through either patches or by |
602 | using Git commands. | 418 | using Git commands. |
603 | </para> | 419 | </para> |
604 | 420 | ||
605 | <para> | 421 | <para> |
606 | During development the following commands are of interest. | 422 | During development, the following commands are of interest. |
607 | For full Git documentation, refer to the Git man pages or to an online resource such | 423 | For full Git documentation, refer to the Git documentation at |
608 | as <ulink url='http://github.com'></ulink>. | 424 | <ulink url='http://github.com'></ulink>. |
609 | 425 | ||
610 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | 426 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> |
611 | # edit a file | 427 | # edit a file |
612 | > vi >path</file | 428 | > vi >path</file |
613 | # stage the change | 429 | # stage the change |
@@ -620,11 +436,11 @@ repository. | |||
620 | > git commit -s | 436 | > git commit -s |
621 | 437 | ||
622 | ... etc. | 438 | ... etc. |
623 | </literallayout> | 439 | </literallayout> |
624 | </para> | 440 | </para> |
625 | 441 | ||
626 | <para> | 442 | <para> |
627 | Distributed development with git is possible when you use a universally | 443 | Distributed development with Git is possible when you use a universally |
628 | agreed-upon unique commit identifier (set by the creator of the commit) that maps to a | 444 | agreed-upon unique commit identifier (set by the creator of the commit) that maps to a |
629 | specific change set with a specific parent. | 445 | specific change set with a specific parent. |
630 | This identifier is created for you when | 446 | This identifier is created for you when |
@@ -632,7 +448,8 @@ repository. | |||
632 | a commit. | 448 | a commit. |
633 | As an individual in isolation, this is of no interest. | 449 | As an individual in isolation, this is of no interest. |
634 | However, if you | 450 | However, if you |
635 | intend to share your tree with normal git push and pull operations for | 451 | intend to share your tree with normal Git <filename>push</filename> and |
452 | <filename>pull</filename> operations for | ||
636 | distributed development, you should consider the ramifications of changing a | 453 | distributed development, you should consider the ramifications of changing a |
637 | commit that you have already shared with others. | 454 | commit that you have already shared with others. |
638 | </para> | 455 | </para> |
@@ -642,19 +459,19 @@ repository. | |||
642 | another repository, you can update both the commit content and commit messages | 459 | another repository, you can update both the commit content and commit messages |
643 | associated with development by using the following commands: | 460 | associated with development by using the following commands: |
644 | 461 | ||
645 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | 462 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> |
646 | > Git add >path</file | 463 | > Git add >path</file |
647 | > Git commit --amend | 464 | > Git commit --amend |
648 | > Git rebase or Git rebase -i | 465 | > Git rebase or Git rebase -i |
649 | </literallayout> | 466 | </literallayout> |
650 | </para> | 467 | </para> |
651 | 468 | ||
652 | <para> | 469 | <para> |
653 | Again, assuming that the changes have not been pushed upstream, and that | 470 | Again, assuming that the changes have not been pushed upstream, and that |
654 | no pending works-in-progress exist (use <filename>git status</filename> to check) then | 471 | no pending works-in-progress exists (use <filename>git status</filename> to check), then |
655 | you can revert (undo) commits by using the following commands: | 472 | you can revert (undo) commits by using the following commands: |
656 | 473 | ||
657 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | 474 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> |
658 | # remove the commit, update working tree and remove all | 475 | # remove the commit, update working tree and remove all |
659 | # traces of the change | 476 | # traces of the change |
660 | > git reset --hard HEAD^ | 477 | > git reset --hard HEAD^ |
@@ -662,26 +479,26 @@ repository. | |||
662 | > git reset --soft HEAD^ | 479 | > git reset --soft HEAD^ |
663 | # remove the commit, leave file change, but not staged for commit | 480 | # remove the commit, leave file change, but not staged for commit |
664 | > git reset --mixed HEAD^ | 481 | > git reset --mixed HEAD^ |
665 | </literallayout> | 482 | </literallayout> |
666 | </para> | 483 | </para> |
667 | 484 | ||
668 | <para> | 485 | <para> |
669 | You can create branches, "cherry-pick" changes or perform any number of Git | 486 | You can create branches, "cherry-pick" changes, or perform any number of Git |
670 | operations until the commits are in good order for pushing upstream | 487 | operations until the commits are in good order for pushing upstream |
671 | or for pull requests. | 488 | or for pull requests. |
672 | After a push or pull, commits are normally considered | 489 | After a <filename>push</filename> or <filename>pull</filename> command, |
490 | commits are normally considered | ||
673 | "permanent" and you should not modify them. | 491 | "permanent" and you should not modify them. |
674 | If they need to be changed you can incrementally do so with new commits. | 492 | If the commits need to be changed, you can incrementally do so with new commits. |
675 | These practices follow the standard Git workflow and the kernel.org best | 493 | These practices follow standard Git workflow and the <filename>kernel.org</filename> best |
676 | practices, which Yocto Project recommends. | 494 | practices, which Yocto Project recommends. |
495 | <note> | ||
496 | It is recommended to tag or branch before adding changes to a Yocto Project | ||
497 | BSP or before creating a new one. | ||
498 | The reason for this recommendation is because the branch or tag provides a | ||
499 | reference point to facilitate locating and exporting local changes. | ||
500 | </note> | ||
677 | </para> | 501 | </para> |
678 | |||
679 | <note><para> | ||
680 | It is recommended to tag or branch before adding changes to a Yocto Project | ||
681 | BSP or before creating a new one. | ||
682 | The reason for this recommendation is because the branch or tag provides a | ||
683 | reference point to facilitate locating and exporting local changes. | ||
684 | </para></note> | ||
685 | 502 | ||
686 | <section id='export-internally-via-patches'> | 503 | <section id='export-internally-via-patches'> |
687 | <title>Exporting Changes Internally by Using Patches</title> | 504 | <title>Exporting Changes Internally by Using Patches</title> |
@@ -699,27 +516,23 @@ repository. | |||
699 | Once the directory is created, you can apply it to a repository using the | 516 | Once the directory is created, you can apply it to a repository using the |
700 | <filename>git am</filename> command to reproduce the original commit and all | 517 | <filename>git am</filename> command to reproduce the original commit and all |
701 | the related information such as author, date, commit log, and so forth. | 518 | the related information such as author, date, commit log, and so forth. |
702 | </para> | 519 | <note> |
703 | 520 | The new commit identifiers (ID) will be generated upon re-application. | |
704 | <note><para> | 521 | This action reflects that the commit is now applied to an underlying commit |
705 | The new commit identifiers (ID) will be generated upon re-application. | 522 | with a different ID. |
706 | This action reflects that the commit is now applied to an underlying commit | 523 | </note> |
707 | with a different ID. | 524 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> |
708 | </para></note> | ||
709 | |||
710 | <para> | ||
711 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
712 | # <first-commit> can be a tag if one was created before development | 525 | # <first-commit> can be a tag if one was created before development |
713 | # began. It can also be the parent branch if a branch was created | 526 | # began. It can also be the parent branch if a branch was created |
714 | # before development began. | 527 | # before development began. |
715 | 528 | ||
716 | > git format-patch -o <dir> <first commit>..<last commit> | 529 | > git format-patch -o <dir> <first commit>..<last commit> |
717 | </literallayout> | 530 | </literallayout> |
718 | </para> | 531 | </para> |
719 | 532 | ||
720 | <para> | 533 | <para> |
721 | In other words: | 534 | In other words: |
722 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | 535 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> |
723 | # Identify commits of interest. | 536 | # Identify commits of interest. |
724 | 537 | ||
725 | # If the tree was tagged before development | 538 | # If the tree was tagged before development |
@@ -731,13 +544,8 @@ repository. | |||
731 | > git whatchanged # identify last commit | 544 | > git whatchanged # identify last commit |
732 | > git format-patch -o <save dir> <commit id> | 545 | > git format-patch -o <save dir> <commit id> |
733 | > git format-patch -o <save dir> <rev-list> | 546 | > git format-patch -o <save dir> <rev-list> |
734 | </literallayout> | 547 | </literallayout> |
735 | </para> | 548 | </para> |
736 | |||
737 | <!--<para> | ||
738 | See the "template patching" example for how to use the patches to | ||
739 | automatically apply to a new kernel build. | ||
740 | </para>--> | ||
741 | </section> | 549 | </section> |
742 | 550 | ||
743 | <section id='export-internally-via-git'> | 551 | <section id='export-internally-via-git'> |
@@ -746,44 +554,38 @@ repository. | |||
746 | <para> | 554 | <para> |
747 | This section describes how you can export changes from a working directory | 555 | This section describes how you can export changes from a working directory |
748 | by pushing the changes into a master repository or by making a pull request. | 556 | by pushing the changes into a master repository or by making a pull request. |
749 | Once you have pushed the changes in the master repository you can then | 557 | Once you have pushed the changes in the master repository, you can then |
750 | pull those same changes into a new kernel build at a later time. | 558 | pull those same changes into a new kernel build at a later time. |
751 | </para> | 559 | </para> |
752 | 560 | ||
753 | <para> | 561 | <para> |
754 | Use this command form to push the changes: | 562 | Use this command form to push the changes: |
755 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | 563 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> |
756 | > git push ssh://<master_server>/<path_to_repo> | 564 | > git push ssh://<master_server>/<path_to_repo> |
757 | <local_branch>:<remote_branch> | 565 | <local_branch>:<remote_branch> |
758 | </literallayout> | 566 | </literallayout> |
759 | </para> | 567 | </para> |
760 | 568 | ||
761 | <para> | 569 | <para> |
762 | For example, the following command pushes the changes from your local branch | 570 | For example, the following command pushes the changes from your local branch |
763 | <filename>yocto/standard/common-pc/base</filename> to the remote branch with the same name | 571 | <filename>yocto/standard/common-pc/base</filename> to the remote branch with the same name |
764 | in the master repository <filename>//git.mycompany.com/pub/git/kernel-2.6.37</filename>. | 572 | in the master repository <filename>//git.mycompany.com/pub/git/kernel-3.0</filename>. |
765 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | 573 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> |
766 | > git push ssh://git.mycompany.com/pub/git/kernel-2.6.37 \ | 574 | > git push ssh://git.mycompany.com/pub/git/kernel-3.0 \ |
767 | yocto/standard/common-pc/base:yocto/standard/common-pc/base | 575 | yocto/standard/common-pc/base:yocto/standard/common-pc/base |
768 | </literallayout> | 576 | </literallayout> |
769 | </para> | 577 | </para> |
770 | 578 | ||
771 | <para> | 579 | <para> |
772 | A pull request entails using <filename>git request-pull</filename> to compose an email to the | 580 | A pull request entails using <filename>git request-pull</filename> to compose |
581 | an email to the | ||
773 | maintainer requesting that a branch be pulled into the master repository, see | 582 | maintainer requesting that a branch be pulled into the master repository, see |
774 | <ulink url='http://github.com/guides/pull-requests'></ulink> for an example. | 583 | <ulink url='http://github.com/guides/pull-requests'></ulink> for an example. |
584 | <note> | ||
585 | Other commands such as <filename>git stash</filename> or branching can also be used to save | ||
586 | changes, but are not covered in this document. | ||
587 | </note> | ||
775 | </para> | 588 | </para> |
776 | |||
777 | <note><para> | ||
778 | Other commands such as <filename>git stash</filename> or branching can also be used to save | ||
779 | changes, but are not covered in this document. | ||
780 | </para></note> | ||
781 | |||
782 | <!--<para> | ||
783 | See the section "importing from another SCM" for how a Git push to the | ||
784 | default_kernel, can be used to automatically update the builds of all users | ||
785 | of a central Git repository. | ||
786 | </para>--> | ||
787 | </section> | 589 | </section> |
788 | </section> | 590 | </section> |
789 | 591 | ||
@@ -794,26 +596,29 @@ repository. | |||
794 | This section describes how to export changes for external upstream submission. | 596 | This section describes how to export changes for external upstream submission. |
795 | If the patch series is large or the maintainer prefers to pull | 597 | If the patch series is large or the maintainer prefers to pull |
796 | changes, you can submit these changes by using a pull request. | 598 | changes, you can submit these changes by using a pull request. |
797 | However, it is common to sent patches as an email series. | 599 | However, it is common to send patches as an email series. |
798 | This method allows easy review and integration of the changes. | 600 | This method allows easy review and integration of the changes. |
601 | <note> | ||
602 | Before sending patches for review be sure you understand the | ||
603 | community standards for submitting and documenting changes and follow their best practices. | ||
604 | For example, kernel patches should follow standards such as: | ||
605 | <itemizedlist> | ||
606 | <listitem><para> | ||
607 | <ulink url='http://userweb.kernel.org/~akpm/stuff/tpp.txt'></ulink></para></listitem> | ||
608 | <listitem><para> | ||
609 | <ulink url='http://linux.yyz.us/patch-format.html'></ulink></para></listitem> | ||
610 | <listitem><para>Documentation/SubmittingPatches (in any linux | ||
611 | kernel source tree)</para></listitem> | ||
612 | </itemizedlist> | ||
613 | </note> | ||
799 | </para> | 614 | </para> |
800 | 615 | ||
801 | <note><para> | ||
802 | Before sending patches for review be sure you understand the | ||
803 | community standards for submitting and documenting changes and follow their best practices. | ||
804 | For example, kernel patches should follow standards such as: | ||
805 | <itemizedlist> | ||
806 | <listitem><para><ulink url='http://userweb.kernel.org/~akpm/stuff/tpp.txt'></ulink></para></listitem> | ||
807 | <listitem><para><ulink url='http://linux.yyz.us/patch-format.html'></ulink></para></listitem> | ||
808 | <listitem><para>Documentation/SubmittingPatches (in any linux kernel source tree)</para></listitem> | ||
809 | </itemizedlist> | ||
810 | </para></note> | ||
811 | |||
812 | <para> | 616 | <para> |
813 | The messages used to commit changes are a large part of these standards. | 617 | The messages used to commit changes are a large part of these standards. |
814 | Consequently, be sure that the headers for each commit have the required information. | 618 | Consequently, be sure that the headers for each commit have the required information. |
815 | If the initial commits were not properly documented or do not meet those standards, | 619 | If the initial commits were not properly documented or do not meet those standards, |
816 | you can re-base by using the <filename>git rebase -i</filename> command to manipulate the commits and | 620 | you can re-base by using the <filename>git rebase -i</filename> command to |
621 | manipulate the commits and | ||
817 | get them into the required format. | 622 | get them into the required format. |
818 | Other techniques such as branching and cherry-picking commits are also viable options. | 623 | Other techniques such as branching and cherry-picking commits are also viable options. |
819 | </para> | 624 | </para> |
@@ -821,13 +626,14 @@ repository. | |||
821 | <para> | 626 | <para> |
822 | Once you complete the commits, you can generate the email that sends the patches | 627 | Once you complete the commits, you can generate the email that sends the patches |
823 | to the maintainer(s) or lists that review and integrate changes. | 628 | to the maintainer(s) or lists that review and integrate changes. |
824 | The command <filename>git send-email</filename> is commonly used to ensure that patches are properly | 629 | The command <filename>git send-email</filename> is commonly used to ensure |
630 | that patches are properly | ||
825 | formatted for easy application and avoid mailer-induced patch damage. | 631 | formatted for easy application and avoid mailer-induced patch damage. |
826 | </para> | 632 | </para> |
827 | 633 | ||
828 | <para> | 634 | <para> |
829 | The following is an example of dumping patches for external submission: | 635 | The following is an example of dumping patches for external submission: |
830 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | 636 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> |
831 | # dump the last 4 commits | 637 | # dump the last 4 commits |
832 | > git format-patch --thread -n -o ~/rr/ HEAD^^^^ | 638 | > git format-patch --thread -n -o ~/rr/ HEAD^^^^ |
833 | > git send-email --compose --subject '[RFC 0/N] <patch series summary>' \ | 639 | > git send-email --compose --subject '[RFC 0/N] <patch series summary>' \ |
@@ -835,7 +641,7 @@ repository. | |||
835 | --cc list@yoctoproject.org ~/rr | 641 | --cc list@yoctoproject.org ~/rr |
836 | # the editor is invoked for the 0/N patch, and when complete the entire | 642 | # the editor is invoked for the 0/N patch, and when complete the entire |
837 | # series is sent via email for review | 643 | # series is sent via email for review |
838 | </literallayout> | 644 | </literallayout> |
839 | </para> | 645 | </para> |
840 | </section> | 646 | </section> |
841 | 647 | ||
@@ -844,12 +650,12 @@ repository. | |||
844 | 650 | ||
845 | <para> | 651 | <para> |
846 | When you want to export changes for import into another | 652 | When you want to export changes for import into another |
847 | Source Code Manager (SCM) you can use any of the previously discussed | 653 | Source Code Manager (SCM), you can use any of the previously discussed |
848 | techniques. | 654 | techniques. |
849 | However, if the patches are manually applied to a secondary tree and then | 655 | However, if the patches are manually applied to a secondary tree and then |
850 | that tree is checked into the SCM you can lose change information such as | 656 | that tree is checked into the SCM, you can lose change information such as |
851 | commit logs. | 657 | commit logs. |
852 | Yocto Project does not recommend this process. | 658 | The Yocto Project does not recommend this process. |
853 | </para> | 659 | </para> |
854 | 660 | ||
855 | <para> | 661 | <para> |
@@ -864,16 +670,16 @@ repository. | |||
864 | <title>Working with the Yocto Project Kernel in Another SCM</title> | 670 | <title>Working with the Yocto Project Kernel in Another SCM</title> |
865 | 671 | ||
866 | <para> | 672 | <para> |
867 | This section describes kernel development in another SCM, which is not the same | 673 | This section describes kernel development in an SCM other than Git, |
868 | as exporting changes to another SCM. | 674 | which is not the same as exporting changes to another SCM described earlier. |
869 | For this scenario you use the Yocto Project build system to | 675 | For this scenario, you use the Yocto Project build system to |
870 | develop the kernel in a different SCM. | 676 | develop the kernel in a different SCM. |
871 | The following must be true for you to accomplish this: | 677 | The following must be true for you to accomplish this: |
872 | <itemizedlist> | 678 | <itemizedlist> |
873 | <listitem><para>The delivered Yocto Project kernel must be exported into the second | 679 | <listitem><para>The delivered Yocto Project kernel must be exported into the second |
874 | SCM.</para></listitem> | 680 | SCM.</para></listitem> |
875 | <listitem><para>Development must be exported from that secondary SCM into a | 681 | <listitem><para>Development must be exported from that secondary SCM into a |
876 | format that can be used by the Yocto Project build system.</para></listitem> | 682 | format that can be used by the Yocto Project build system.</para></listitem> |
877 | </itemizedlist> | 683 | </itemizedlist> |
878 | </para> | 684 | </para> |
879 | 685 | ||
@@ -881,7 +687,7 @@ repository. | |||
881 | <title>Exporting the Delivered Kernel to the SCM</title> | 687 | <title>Exporting the Delivered Kernel to the SCM</title> |
882 | 688 | ||
883 | <para> | 689 | <para> |
884 | Depending on the SCM it might be possible to export the entire Yocto Project | 690 | Depending on the SCM, it might be possible to export the entire Yocto Project |
885 | kernel Git repository, branches and all, into a new environment. | 691 | kernel Git repository, branches and all, into a new environment. |
886 | This method is preferred because it has the most flexibility and potential to maintain | 692 | This method is preferred because it has the most flexibility and potential to maintain |
887 | the meta data associated with each commit. | 693 | the meta data associated with each commit. |
@@ -894,12 +700,13 @@ repository. | |||
894 | 700 | ||
895 | <para> | 701 | <para> |
896 | The following commands illustrate some of the steps you could use to | 702 | The following commands illustrate some of the steps you could use to |
897 | import the yocto/standard/common-pc/base kernel into a secondary SCM: | 703 | import the <filename>yocto/standard/common-pc/base</filename> |
898 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | 704 | kernel into a secondary SCM: |
705 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
899 | > git checkout yocto/standard/common-pc/base | 706 | > git checkout yocto/standard/common-pc/base |
900 | > cd .. ; echo linux/.git > .cvsignore | 707 | > cd .. ; echo linux/.git > .cvsignore |
901 | > cvs import -m "initial import" linux MY_COMPANY start | 708 | > cvs import -m "initial import" linux MY_COMPANY start |
902 | </literallayout> | 709 | </literallayout> |
903 | </para> | 710 | </para> |
904 | 711 | ||
905 | <para> | 712 | <para> |
@@ -908,13 +715,13 @@ repository. | |||
908 | 715 | ||
909 | <para> | 716 | <para> |
910 | The following commands illustrate how you can condense and merge two BSPs into a second SCM: | 717 | The following commands illustrate how you can condense and merge two BSPs into a second SCM: |
911 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | 718 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> |
912 | > git checkout yocto/standard/common-pc/base | 719 | > git checkout yocto/standard/common-pc/base |
913 | > git merge yocto/standard/common-pc-64/base | 720 | > git merge yocto/standard/common-pc-64/base |
914 | # resolve any conflicts and commit them | 721 | # resolve any conflicts and commit them |
915 | > cd .. ; echo linux/.git > .cvsignore | 722 | > cd .. ; echo linux/.git > .cvsignore |
916 | > cvs import -m "initial import" linux MY_COMPANY start | 723 | > cvs import -m "initial import" linux MY_COMPANY start |
917 | </literallayout> | 724 | </literallayout> |
918 | </para> | 725 | </para> |
919 | </section> | 726 | </section> |
920 | 727 | ||
@@ -924,112 +731,12 @@ repository. | |||
924 | <para> | 731 | <para> |
925 | Once development has reached a suitable point in the second development | 732 | Once development has reached a suitable point in the second development |
926 | environment, you need to export the changes as patches. | 733 | environment, you need to export the changes as patches. |
927 | To export them place the changes in a recipe and | 734 | To export them, place the changes in a recipe and |
928 | automatically apply them to the kernel during patching. | 735 | automatically apply them to the kernel during patching. |
929 | </para> | 736 | </para> |
930 | <!--<para> | ||
931 | If changes are imported directly into Git, they must be propagated to the | ||
932 | wrll-linux-2.6.27/git/default_kernel bare clone of each individual build | ||
933 | to be present when the kernel is checked out. | ||
934 | </para> | ||
935 | <para> | ||
936 | The following example illustrates one variant of this workflow: | ||
937 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
938 | # on master Git repository | ||
939 | > cd linux-2.6.27 | ||
940 | > git tag -d common_pc-standard-mark | ||
941 | > git pull ssh://<foo>@<bar>/pub/git/kernel-2.6.27 common_pc-standard:common_pc-standard | ||
942 | > git tag common_pc-standard-mark | ||
943 | |||
944 | # on each build machine (or NFS share, etc) | ||
945 | > cd wrll-linux-2.6.27/git/default_kernel | ||
946 | > git fetch ssh://<foo>@<master server>/pub/git/kernel-2.6.27 | ||
947 | |||
948 | # in the build, perform a from-scratch build of Linux and the new changes | ||
949 | # will be checked out and built. | ||
950 | > make linux | ||
951 | </literallayout> | ||
952 | </para> --> | ||
953 | </section> | 737 | </section> |
954 | </section> | 738 | </section> |
955 | 739 | ||
956 | <!-- <section id='bsp-template-migration-from-2'> | ||
957 | <title>BSP: Template Migration from 2.0</title> | ||
958 | <para> | ||
959 | The move to a Git-backed kernel build system in 3.0 introduced a small new | ||
960 | requirement for any BSP that is not integrated into the GA release of the | ||
961 | product: branching information. | ||
962 | </para> | ||
963 | <para> | ||
964 | As was previously mentioned in the background sections, branching information | ||
965 | is always required, since the kernel build system cannot make intelligent | ||
966 | branching decisions and must rely on the developer. This branching | ||
967 | information is provided via a .scc file. | ||
968 | </para> | ||
969 | <para> | ||
970 | A BSP template in 2.0 contained build system information (config.sh, etc) and | ||
971 | kernel patching information in the 'linux' subdirectory. The same holds true | ||
972 | in 3.0, with only minor changes in the kernel patching directory. | ||
973 | The ".smudge" files are now ".scc" files and now contain a full description | ||
974 | of the kernel branching, patching and configuration for the BSP. Where in | ||
975 | 2.0, they only contained kernel patching information. | ||
976 | </para> | ||
977 | <para> | ||
978 | The following illustrates the migration of a simple 2.0 BSP template to the | ||
979 | new 3.0 kernel build system. | ||
980 | </para> | ||
981 | <note><para> | ||
982 | Note: all operations are from the root of a customer layer. | ||
983 | </para></note> | ||
984 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
985 | templates/ | ||
986 | `‐‐ board | ||
987 | `‐‐ my_board | ||
988 | |‐‐ config.sh | ||
989 | |‐‐ include | ||
990 | `‐‐ linux | ||
991 | `‐‐ 2.6.x | ||
992 | |‐‐ knl-base.cfg | ||
993 | |‐‐ bsp.patch | ||
994 | `‐‐ my_bsp.smudge | ||
995 | |||
996 | > mv templates/board/my_board/linux/2.6.x/* templates/board/my_board/linux | ||
997 | > rm -rf templates/board/my_board/linux/2.6.x/ | ||
998 | > mv templates/board/my_board/linux/my_bsp.smudge \ | ||
999 | templates/board/my_board/linux/my_bsp-standard.scc | ||
1000 | > echo "kconf hardware knl-base.cfg" >> \ | ||
1001 | templates/board/my_board/linux/my_bsp-standard.scc | ||
1002 | > vi templates/board/my_board/linux/my_bsp-standard.scc | ||
1003 | # add the following at the top of the file | ||
1004 | scc_leaf ktypes/standard my_bsp-standard | ||
1005 | |||
1006 | templates/ | ||
1007 | `‐‐ board | ||
1008 | `‐‐ my_board | ||
1009 | |‐‐ config.sh | ||
1010 | |‐‐ include | ||
1011 | `‐‐ linux | ||
1012 | |‐‐ knl-base.cfg | ||
1013 | |‐‐ bsp.patch | ||
1014 | `‐‐ my_bsp-standard.scc | ||
1015 | </literallayout> | ||
1016 | <para> | ||
1017 | That's it. Configure and build. | ||
1018 | </para> | ||
1019 | <note><para>There is a naming convention for the .scc file, which allows the build | ||
1020 | system to locate suitable feature descriptions for a board: | ||
1021 | </para></note> | ||
1022 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1023 | <bsp name>-<kernel type>.scc | ||
1024 | </literallayout> | ||
1025 | <para> | ||
1026 | if this naming convention isn't followed your feature description will | ||
1027 | not be located and a build error thrown. | ||
1028 | </para> | ||
1029 | </section> --> | ||
1030 | |||
1031 | |||
1032 | |||
1033 | <section id='bsp-creating'> | 740 | <section id='bsp-creating'> |
1034 | <title>Creating a BSP Based on an Existing Similar BSP</title> | 741 | <title>Creating a BSP Based on an Existing Similar BSP</title> |
1035 | 742 | ||
@@ -1037,19 +744,21 @@ That's it. Configure and build. | |||
1037 | This section overviews the process of creating a BSP based on an | 744 | This section overviews the process of creating a BSP based on an |
1038 | existing similar BSP. | 745 | existing similar BSP. |
1039 | The information is introductory in nature and does not provide step-by-step examples. | 746 | The information is introductory in nature and does not provide step-by-step examples. |
1040 | For detailed information on how to create a BSP given an existing similar BSP | 747 | For detailed information on how to create a BSP given an existing similar BSP, see |
1041 | see the Yocto Project Development Manual [NEED LINK] or the | 748 | the "<ulink url='http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/1.1/dev-manual/dev-manual.html#dev-manual-bsp-appendix'>BSP Development Example</ulink>" appendix in |
1042 | <ulink url='https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/Transcript:_creating_one_generic_Atom_BSP_from_another'></ulink> | 749 | <ulink url='http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/1.1/dev-manual/dev-manual.html'>The |
750 | Yocto Project Development Manual</ulink>, or see the | ||
751 | <ulink url='https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/Transcript:_creating_one_generic_Atom_BSP_from_another'>Transcript:_creating_one_generic_Atom_BSP_from_another</ulink> | ||
1043 | wiki page. | 752 | wiki page. |
1044 | </para> | 753 | </para> |
1045 | 754 | ||
1046 | <para> | 755 | <para> |
1047 | The basic steps you need to follow are: | 756 | The basic steps you need to follow are: |
1048 | <orderedlist> | 757 | <orderedlist> |
1049 | <listitem><para>Make sure you have the Yocto Project source tree available. | 758 | <listitem><para><emphasis>Make sure you have the Yocto Project source tree available:</emphasis> |
1050 | You should either create a Yocto Project Git repository (recommended), or | 759 | You should either create a Yocto Project Git repository (recommended), or |
1051 | you should get the Yocto Project release tarball and extract it.</para></listitem> | 760 | you should get the Yocto Project release tarball and extract it.</para></listitem> |
1052 | <listitem><para>Choose an existing BSP available with the Yocto Project. | 761 | <listitem><para><emphasis>Choose an existing BSP available with the Yocto Project:</emphasis> |
1053 | Try to map your board features as closely to the features of a BSP that is | 762 | Try to map your board features as closely to the features of a BSP that is |
1054 | already supported and exists in the Yocto Project. | 763 | already supported and exists in the Yocto Project. |
1055 | Starting with something as close as possible to your board makes developing | 764 | Starting with something as close as possible to your board makes developing |
@@ -1057,13 +766,14 @@ That's it. Configure and build. | |||
1057 | You can find all the BSPs that are supported and ship with the Yocto Project | 766 | You can find all the BSPs that are supported and ship with the Yocto Project |
1058 | on the Yocto Project's Download page at | 767 | on the Yocto Project's Download page at |
1059 | <ulink url='http://www.yoctoproject.org/download'></ulink>.</para></listitem> | 768 | <ulink url='http://www.yoctoproject.org/download'></ulink>.</para></listitem> |
1060 | <listitem><para>Be sure you have the Base BSP. | 769 | <listitem><para><emphasis>Be sure you have the Base BSP:</emphasis> |
1061 | You need to either have the Yocto Project Git repository set up or download | 770 | You need to either have the Yocto Project Git repository set up or download |
1062 | the tarball of the base BSP. | 771 | the tarball of the base BSP. |
1063 | Either method gives you access to the BSP source files.</para></listitem> | 772 | Either method gives you access to the BSP source files.</para></listitem> |
1064 | <listitem><para>Make a copy of the existing BSP, thus isolating your new BSP work. | 773 | <listitem><para><emphasis>Make a copy of the existing BSP, thus isolating your new |
774 | BSP work:</emphasis> | ||
1065 | Copying the existing BSP structure gives you a new area in which to work.</para></listitem> | 775 | Copying the existing BSP structure gives you a new area in which to work.</para></listitem> |
1066 | <listitem><para>Make configuration and recipe changes to your new BSP. | 776 | <listitem><para><emphasis>Make configuration and recipe changes to your new BSP:</emphasis> |
1067 | Configuration changes involve the files in the BSP's <filename>conf</filename> | 777 | Configuration changes involve the files in the BSP's <filename>conf</filename> |
1068 | directory. | 778 | directory. |
1069 | Changes include creating a machine-specific configuration file and editing the | 779 | Changes include creating a machine-specific configuration file and editing the |
@@ -1071,13 +781,13 @@ That's it. Configure and build. | |||
1071 | The configuration changes identify the kernel you will be using. | 781 | The configuration changes identify the kernel you will be using. |
1072 | Recipe changes include removing, modifying, or adding new recipe files that | 782 | Recipe changes include removing, modifying, or adding new recipe files that |
1073 | instruct the build process on what features to include in the image.</para></listitem> | 783 | instruct the build process on what features to include in the image.</para></listitem> |
1074 | <listitem><para>Prepare for the build. | 784 | <listitem><para><emphasis>Prepare for the build:</emphasis> |
1075 | Before you actually initiate the build you need to set up the build environment | 785 | Before you actually initiate the build, you need to set up the build environment |
1076 | by sourcing the environment initialization script. | 786 | by sourcing the environment initialization script. |
1077 | After setting up the environment you need to make some build configuration | 787 | After setting up the environment, you need to make some build configuration |
1078 | changes to the <filename>local.conf</filename> and <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> | 788 | changes to the <filename>local.conf</filename> and <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> |
1079 | files.</para></listitem> | 789 | files.</para></listitem> |
1080 | <listitem><para>Build the image. | 790 | <listitem><para><emphasis>Build the image:</emphasis> |
1081 | The Yocto Project uses the BitBake tool to create the image. | 791 | The Yocto Project uses the BitBake tool to create the image. |
1082 | You need to decide on the type of image you are going to build (e.g. minimal, base, | 792 | You need to decide on the type of image you are going to build (e.g. minimal, base, |
1083 | core, sato, and so forth) and then start the build using the <filename>bitbake</filename> | 793 | core, sato, and so forth) and then start the build using the <filename>bitbake</filename> |
@@ -1086,746 +796,6 @@ That's it. Configure and build. | |||
1086 | </para> | 796 | </para> |
1087 | </section> | 797 | </section> |
1088 | 798 | ||
1089 | |||
1090 | <!-- | ||
1091 | <section id='bsp-creating-bsp-without-a-local-kernel-repo'> | ||
1092 | <title>Creating a BSP Based on an Existing Similar BSP Without a Local Kernel Repository</title> | ||
1093 | |||
1094 | <para> | ||
1095 | If you are creating a BSP based on an existing similar BSP but you do not have | ||
1096 | a local kernel repository, the process is very similar to the process in | ||
1097 | the previous section (<xref linkend='bsp-creating'/>). | ||
1098 | </para> | ||
1099 | |||
1100 | <para> | ||
1101 | Follow the exact same process as described in the previous section with | ||
1102 | these slight modifications: | ||
1103 | </para> | ||
1104 | <orderedlist> | ||
1105 | <listitem><para>Perform Step 1 as is from the previous section.</para></listitem> | ||
1106 | <listitem><para>Perform Step 2 as is from the previous section.</para></listitem> | ||
1107 | <listitem><para>Perform Step 3 but do not modify the | ||
1108 | KSRC line in the bbappend file.</para></listitem> | ||
1109 | <listitem><para>Edit the <filename>local.conf</filename> so | ||
1110 | that it contains the following: | ||
1111 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1112 | YOCTO_KERNEL_EXTERNAL_BRANCH="<your-machine>-standard | ||
1113 | </literallayout></para> | ||
1114 | <para>Adding this statement to the file triggers BSP bootstrapping | ||
1115 | to occur and the correct branches and base configuration to be used. | ||
1116 | </para></listitem> | ||
1117 | <listitem><para>Perform Step 4 as is from the previous section.</para></listitem> | ||
1118 | <listitem><para>Perform Step 5 as is from the previous section.</para></listitem> | ||
1119 | </orderedlist> | ||
1120 | </section> | ||
1121 | |||
1122 | |||
1123 | |||
1124 | <section id='bsp-creating-a-new-bsp'> | ||
1125 | <title>BSP: Creating a New BSP</title> | ||
1126 | <para> | ||
1127 | Although it is obvious that the structure of a new BSP uses the migrated | ||
1128 | directory structure from the previous example,the first question is whether | ||
1129 | or not the BSP is started from scratch. | ||
1130 | </para> | ||
1131 | <para> | ||
1132 | If Yocto Project has a similar BSP, it is often easier to clone and update, | ||
1133 | rather than start from scratch. If the mainline kernel has support, it is | ||
1134 | easier to branch from the -standard kernel and begin development (and not be | ||
1135 | concerned with undoing existing changes). This section covers both options. | ||
1136 | </para> | ||
1137 | <para> | ||
1138 | In almost every scenario, the LDAT build system bindings must be completed | ||
1139 | before either cloning or starting a new BSP from scratch. This is simply | ||
1140 | because the board template files are required to configure a project/build | ||
1141 | and create the necessary environment to begin working directly with the | ||
1142 | kernel. If it is desired to start immediately with kernel development and | ||
1143 | then add LDAT bindings, see the "bootstrapping a BSP" section. | ||
1144 | </para> | ||
1145 | <section id='creating-from-scratch'> | ||
1146 | <title>Creating the BSP from Scratch</title> | ||
1147 | <para> | ||
1148 | To create the BSP from scratch you need to do the following: | ||
1149 | <orderedlist> | ||
1150 | <listitem><para>Create a board template for the new BSP in a layer.</para></listitem> | ||
1151 | <listitem><para>Configure a build with the board.</para></listitem> | ||
1152 | <listitem><para>Configure a kernel.</para></listitem> | ||
1153 | </orderedlist> | ||
1154 | </para> | ||
1155 | <para> | ||
1156 | Following is an example showing all three steps. You start by creating a board template for the new BSP in a layer. | ||
1157 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1158 | templates/ | ||
1159 | `‐‐ board | ||
1160 | `‐‐ my_bsp | ||
1161 | |‐‐ include | ||
1162 | |‐‐ config.sh | ||
1163 | `‐‐ linux | ||
1164 | |‐‐ my_bsp.cfg | ||
1165 | `‐‐ my_bsp-standard.scc | ||
1166 | |||
1167 | > cat config.sh | ||
1168 | TARGET_BOARD="my_bsp" | ||
1169 | TARGET_LINUX_LINKS="bzImage" | ||
1170 | TARGET_SUPPORTED_KERNEL="standard" | ||
1171 | TARGET_SUPPORTED_ROOTFS="glibc_std" | ||
1172 | BANNER="This BSP is *NOT* supported" | ||
1173 | TARGET_PROCFAM="pentium4" | ||
1174 | TARGET_PLATFORMS="GPP" | ||
1175 | |||
1176 | > cat include | ||
1177 | cpu/x86_32_i686 | ||
1178 | karch/i386 | ||
1179 | |||
1180 | > cat linux/my_bsp-standard.scc | ||
1181 | scc_leaf ktypes/standard/standard.scc my_bsp-standard | ||
1182 | |||
1183 | > cat linux/my_bsp.cfg | ||
1184 | CONFIG_X86=y | ||
1185 | CONFIG_SMP=y | ||
1186 | CONFIG_VT=y | ||
1187 | # etc, etc, etc | ||
1188 | </literallayout> | ||
1189 | </para> | ||
1190 | <para> | ||
1191 | Something like the following can now be added to a board build, and | ||
1192 | a project can be started: | ||
1193 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1194 | ‐‐enable-board=my_bsp \ | ||
1195 | ‐‐with-layer=custom_bsp | ||
1196 | </literallayout> | ||
1197 | </para> | ||
1198 | <para> | ||
1199 | Now you can configure a kernel: | ||
1200 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1201 | > make -C build linux.config | ||
1202 | </literallayout> | ||
1203 | </para> | ||
1204 | <para> | ||
1205 | You now have a kernel tree, which is branched and has no patches, ready for | ||
1206 | development. | ||
1207 | </para> | ||
1208 | </section> --> | ||
1209 | |||
1210 | <!-- <section id='cloning-an-existing-bsp'> | ||
1211 | <title>Cloning an Existing BSP</title> | ||
1212 | <para> | ||
1213 | Cloning an existing BSP from the shipped product is similar to the "from | ||
1214 | scratch" option and there are two distinct ways to achieve this goal: | ||
1215 | <itemizedlist> | ||
1216 | <listitem><para>Create a board template for the new BSP in a layer.</para></listitem> | ||
1217 | <listitem><para>Clone the .scc and board config.</para></listitem> | ||
1218 | </itemizedlist> | ||
1219 | </para> | ||
1220 | <para> | ||
1221 | The first method is similar to the from scratch BSP where you create a board template for the new | ||
1222 | BSP. Although in this case, copying an existing board template from | ||
1223 | wrll-wrlinux/templates/board would be appropriate, since we are cloning an | ||
1224 | existing BSP. Edit the config.sh, include and other board options for the new | ||
1225 | BSP. | ||
1226 | </para> | ||
1227 | <para> | ||
1228 | The second method is to clone the .scc and board config. | ||
1229 | To do this, in the newly created board template, create a linux subdirectory and export | ||
1230 | the .scc and configuration from the source BSP in the published Yocto Project | ||
1231 | kernel. During construction, all of the configuration and patches were | ||
1232 | captured, so it is simply a matter of extracting them. | ||
1233 | </para> | ||
1234 | <para> | ||
1235 | Extraction can be accomplished using four different techniques: | ||
1236 | <itemizedlist> | ||
1237 | <listitem><para>Config and patches from the bare default_kernel.</para></listitem> | ||
1238 | <listitem><para>Clone default_kernel and checkout wrs_base.</para></listitem> | ||
1239 | <listitem><para>Clone default_kernel and checkout BSP branch.</para></listitem> | ||
1240 | <listitem><para>Branch from the Yocto Project BSP.</para></listitem> | ||
1241 | </itemizedlist> | ||
1242 | </para> | ||
1243 | <para> | ||
1244 | Technique 1: config and patches from the bare default_kernel | ||
1245 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1246 | > cd layers/wrll-linux-2.6.27/git/default_kernel | ||
1247 | > git show checkpoint_end | filterdiff -i '*common_pc*' | patch -s -p2 -d /tmp | ||
1248 | |||
1249 | # This will create two directories: cfg and patches. | ||
1250 | |||
1251 | > cd /tmp/cfg/kernel-cache/bsp/common_pc/ | ||
1252 | |||
1253 | # This directory contains all the patches and .scc files used to construct | ||
1254 | # the BSP in the shipped tree. Copy the patches to the new BSP template, | ||
1255 | # and add them to the .scc file created above. See "template patching" if | ||
1256 | # more details are required. | ||
1257 | </literallayout> | ||
1258 | </para> | ||
1259 | <para> | ||
1260 | Technique 2: clone default_kernel and checkout wrs_base | ||
1261 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1262 | > git clone layers/wrll-linux-2.6.27/git/default_kernel windriver-2.6.27 | ||
1263 | > cd windriver-2.6.27 | ||
1264 | > git checkout wrs_base | ||
1265 | > cd wrs/cfg/kernel-cache/bsp/common_pc | ||
1266 | |||
1267 | # again, this directory has all the patches and .scc files used to construct | ||
1268 | # the BSP | ||
1269 | </literallayout> | ||
1270 | </para> | ||
1271 | <para> | ||
1272 | Technique 3: clone default_kernel and checkout BSP branch | ||
1273 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1274 | > git clone layers/wrll-linux-2.6.27/git/default_kernel windriver-2.6.27 | ||
1275 | > cd windriver-2.6.27 | ||
1276 | > git checkout common_pc-standard | ||
1277 | > git whatchanged | ||
1278 | # browse patches and determine which ones are of interest, say there are | ||
1279 | # 3 patches of interest | ||
1280 | > git format-patch -o <path to BSP template>/linux HEAD^^^ | ||
1281 | # update the .scc file to add the patches, see "template patches" if | ||
1282 | # more details are required | ||
1283 | </literallayout> | ||
1284 | </para> | ||
1285 | <para> | ||
1286 | Technique #4: branch from the Yocto Project BSP | ||
1287 | <note><para>This is potentially the most "different" technique, but is actually | ||
1288 | the easiest to support and leverages the infrastructure. rtcore BSPs | ||
1289 | are created in a similar manner to this. | ||
1290 | </para></note> | ||
1291 | </para> | ||
1292 | <para> | ||
1293 | In this technique the .scc file in the board template is slightly different | ||
1294 | and indicates that the BSP should branch after the base Yocto Project BSP | ||
1295 | of the correct kernel type, so to start a new BSP that inherits the | ||
1296 | kernel patches of the common_pc-standard, the following would be done: | ||
1297 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1298 | > cat linux/my_bsp-standard.scc | ||
1299 | scc_leaf bsp/common_pc/common_pc-standard.scc my_bsp-standard | ||
1300 | </literallayout> | ||
1301 | </para> | ||
1302 | <para> | ||
1303 | And only kernel configuration (not patches) need be contained in the | ||
1304 | board template. | ||
1305 | </para> | ||
1306 | <para> | ||
1307 | This has the advantage of automatically picking up updates to the BSP | ||
1308 | and not duplicating any patches for a similar board. | ||
1309 | </para> | ||
1310 | </section> --> | ||
1311 | |||
1312 | <!-- <section id='bsp-bootstrapping'> | ||
1313 | <title>BSP: Bootstrapping</title> | ||
1314 | <para> | ||
1315 | The previous examples created the board templates and configured a build | ||
1316 | before beginning work on a new BSP. It is also possible for advanced users to | ||
1317 | simply treat the Yocto Project Git repository as an upstream source and begin | ||
1318 | BSP development directly on the repository. This is the closest match to how | ||
1319 | the kernel community at large would operate. | ||
1320 | </para> | ||
1321 | <para> | ||
1322 | Two techniques exist to accomplish this: | ||
1323 | </para> | ||
1324 | <para> | ||
1325 | Technique 1: upstream workflow | ||
1326 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1327 | > git clone layers/wrll-linux-2.6.27/git/default_kernel windriver-2.6.27 | ||
1328 | > cd windriver-2.6.27 | ||
1329 | > git checkout -b my_bsp-standard common_pc-standard | ||
1330 | |||
1331 | # edit files, import patches, generally do BSP development | ||
1332 | |||
1333 | # at this point we can create the BSP template, and export the kernel | ||
1334 | # changes using one of the techniques discussed in that section. For | ||
1335 | # example, It is possible to push these changes, directly into the | ||
1336 | # default_kernel and never directly manipulate or export patch files | ||
1337 | </literallayout> | ||
1338 | </para> | ||
1339 | <para> | ||
1340 | Technique 2: Yocto Project kernel build workflow | ||
1341 | </para> | ||
1342 | <para> | ||
1343 | Create the BSP branch from the appropriate kernel type | ||
1344 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1345 | > cd linux | ||
1346 | # the naming convention for auto-build is <bsp>-<kernel type> | ||
1347 | > git checkout -b my_bsp-standard standard | ||
1348 | </literallayout> | ||
1349 | </para> | ||
1350 | <para> | ||
1351 | Make changes, import patches, etc. | ||
1352 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1353 | > ../../host-cross/bin/guilt init | ||
1354 | # 'wrs/patches/my_bsp-standard' has now been created to | ||
1355 | # manage the branches patches | ||
1356 | |||
1357 | # option 1: edit files, guilt import | ||
1358 | > ../../host-cross/bin/guilt new extra-version.patch | ||
1359 | > vi Makefile | ||
1360 | > ../../host-cross/bin/guilt refresh | ||
1361 | # add a header | ||
1362 | > ../../host-cross/bin/guilt header -e | ||
1363 | # describe the patch using best practices, like the example below: | ||
1364 | |||
1365 | ‐‐‐>‐‐‐>‐‐‐> cut here | ||
1366 | From: Bruce Ashfield <bruce.ashfield@windriver.com> | ||
1367 | |||
1368 | Adds an extra version to the kernel | ||
1369 | |||
1370 | Modify the main EXTRAVERSION to show our bsp name | ||
1371 | |||
1372 | Signed-off-by: Bruce Ashfield <bruce.ashfield@windriver.com> | ||
1373 | ‐‐‐>‐‐‐>‐‐‐> cut here | ||
1374 | |||
1375 | # option 2: import patches | ||
1376 | > git am <patch> | ||
1377 | or | ||
1378 | > git apply <patch> | ||
1379 | > git add <files> | ||
1380 | > git commit -s | ||
1381 | |||
1382 | # configure the board, save relevant options | ||
1383 | > make ARCH=<arch> menuconfig | ||
1384 | |||
1385 | # save the cfg changes for reconfiguration | ||
1386 | > mkdir wrs/cfg/<cache>/my_bsp | ||
1387 | > vi wrs/cfg/<cache>/my_bsp/my_bsp.cfg | ||
1388 | |||
1389 | # classify the patches | ||
1390 | > ../../host-cross/bin/kgit classify create <kernel-foo-cache>/my_bsp/my_bsp | ||
1391 | # test build | ||
1392 | > cd .. | ||
1393 | > make linux TARGET_BOARD=my_bsp kprofile=my_bsp use_current_branch=1 | ||
1394 | </literallayout> | ||
1395 | </para> | ||
1396 | <para> | ||
1397 | Assuming the patches have been exported to the correct location, Future | ||
1398 | builds will now find the board, apply the patches to the base tree and make | ||
1399 | the relevant branches and structures and the special build options are no | ||
1400 | longer required. | ||
1401 | </para> | ||
1402 | </section> | ||
1403 | </section> --> | ||
1404 | |||
1405 | <!-- <section id='patching'> | ||
1406 | <title>Patching</title> | ||
1407 | <para> | ||
1408 | The most common way to apply patches to the kernel is via a template. | ||
1409 | However, for more advanced applications (such as the sharing of patches between | ||
1410 | multiple sub-features) it is possible to patch the kernel-cache. | ||
1411 | This section covers both scenarios. | ||
1412 | </para> | ||
1413 | <section id='patching-template'> | ||
1414 | <title>Patching: Template</title> | ||
1415 | <para> | ||
1416 | kernel | ||
1417 | templates follow the same rules as any LDAT template. A directory should be | ||
1418 | created in a recognized template location, with a 'linux' subdirectory. The | ||
1419 | 'linux' directory triggers LDAT to pass the dir as a potential patch location | ||
1420 | to the kernel build system. Any .scc files found in that directory, will be | ||
1421 | automatically appended to the end of the BSP branch (for the configured | ||
1422 | board). | ||
1423 | </para> | ||
1424 | <para> | ||
1425 | This behavior is essentially the same since previous product | ||
1426 | releases. The only exception is the use of ".scc", which allows kernel | ||
1427 | configuration AND patches to be applied in a template. | ||
1428 | </para> | ||
1429 | <note><para> | ||
1430 | If creating a full template is not required, a .scc file can be placed at | ||
1431 | the top of the build, along with configuration and patches. The build | ||
1432 | system will pickup the .scc and add it onto the patch list automatically | ||
1433 | </para></note> | ||
1434 | <para> | ||
1435 | As an example, consider a simple template to update a BP: | ||
1436 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1437 | > cat templates/feature/extra_version/linux/extra_version.scc | ||
1438 | patch 0001-extraversion-add-Wind-River-identifier.patch | ||
1439 | </literallayout> | ||
1440 | </para> | ||
1441 | <para> | ||
1442 | To illustrate how the previous template patch was created, the following | ||
1443 | steps were performed: | ||
1444 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1445 | > cd <board build>/build/linux | ||
1446 | > vi Makefile | ||
1447 | # modify EXTRAVERSION to have a unique string | ||
1448 | > git commit -s -m "extraversion: add Yocto Project identifier" Makefile | ||
1449 | > git format-patch -o <path to layer>/templates/feature/extra_version/linux/ | ||
1450 | > echo "patch 0001-extraversion-add-Wind-River-identifier.patch" > \ | ||
1451 | <path to layer>/templates/feature/extra_version/linux/extra_version.scc | ||
1452 | </literallayout> | ||
1453 | </para> | ||
1454 | <para> | ||
1455 | This next example creates a template with a linux subdirectory, just as we | ||
1456 | always have for previous releases. | ||
1457 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1458 | > mkdir templates/features/my_feature/linux | ||
1459 | </literallayout> | ||
1460 | </para> | ||
1461 | <para> | ||
1462 | In that directory place your feature description, your | ||
1463 | patch and configuration (if required). | ||
1464 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1465 | > ls templates/features/my_feature/linux | ||
1466 | |||
1467 | version.patch | ||
1468 | my_feature.scc | ||
1469 | my_feature.cfg | ||
1470 | </literallayout> | ||
1471 | </para> | ||
1472 | <para> | ||
1473 | The .scc file describes the patches, configuration and | ||
1474 | where in the patch order the feature should be inserted. | ||
1475 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1476 | patch version.patch | ||
1477 | kconf non-hardware my_feature.cfg | ||
1478 | </literallayout> | ||
1479 | </para> | ||
1480 | <para> | ||
1481 | Configure your build with the new template | ||
1482 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1483 | ‐‐with-template=features/my_feature | ||
1484 | </literallayout> | ||
1485 | </para> | ||
1486 | <para> | ||
1487 | Build the kernel | ||
1488 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1489 | > make linux | ||
1490 | </literallayout> | ||
1491 | </para> | ||
1492 | </section> | ||
1493 | |||
1494 | <section id='patching-kernel-cache'> | ||
1495 | <title>Patching: Kernel Cache</title> | ||
1496 | <para> | ||
1497 | As previously mentioned, this example is included for completeness, and is for more advanced | ||
1498 | applications (such as the sharing of patches between multiple sub-features). | ||
1499 | Most patching should be done via templates, since that interface is | ||
1500 | guaranteed not to change and the kernel-cache interface carries no such | ||
1501 | guarantee. | ||
1502 | </para> | ||
1503 | <para> | ||
1504 | At the top of a layer, create a kernel cache. The build system will recognize | ||
1505 | any directory of the name 'kernel-*-cache' as a kernel cache. | ||
1506 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1507 | > cd <my layer> | ||
1508 | >mkdir kernel-temp-cache | ||
1509 | </literallayout> | ||
1510 | </para> | ||
1511 | <para> | ||
1512 | Make a directory with the BSP | ||
1513 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1514 | > mkdir kernel-temp-cache | ||
1515 | > mkdir kernel-temp-cache/my_feat | ||
1516 | </literallayout> | ||
1517 | </para> | ||
1518 | <para> | ||
1519 | Create the feature files as they were in technique #1 | ||
1520 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1521 | > echo "patch my_patch.path" > kernel-temp-cache/my_feat/my_feature.scc | ||
1522 | </literallayout> | ||
1523 | </para> | ||
1524 | <para> | ||
1525 | Configure the build with the feature added to the kernel type | ||
1526 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1527 | ‐‐with-kernel=standard+my_feat/my_feature.scc | ||
1528 | </literallayout> | ||
1529 | </para> | ||
1530 | <para> | ||
1531 | Build the kernel | ||
1532 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1533 | > make linux | ||
1534 | </literallayout> | ||
1535 | </para> | ||
1536 | </section> | ||
1537 | </section> | ||
1538 | |||
1539 | <section id='bsp-updating-patches-and-configuration'> | ||
1540 | <title>BSP: Updating Patches and Configuration</title> | ||
1541 | <para> | ||
1542 | As was described in the "template patching" example, it is simple | ||
1543 | to add patches to a BSP via a template, but often, it is desirable | ||
1544 | to experiment and test patches before committing them to a template. | ||
1545 | You can do this by modifying the BSP source. | ||
1546 | </para> | ||
1547 | <para> | ||
1548 | Start as follows: | ||
1549 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1550 | > cd linux | ||
1551 | > git checkout <bspname>-<kernel name> | ||
1552 | |||
1553 | > git am <patch> | ||
1554 | </literallayout> | ||
1555 | </para> | ||
1556 | <para> | ||
1557 | Or you can do this: | ||
1558 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1559 | > kgit-import -t patch <patch> | ||
1560 | |||
1561 | > cd .. | ||
1562 | > make linux | ||
1563 | </literallayout> | ||
1564 | </para> | ||
1565 | <para> | ||
1566 | For details on conflict resolution and patch application, see the | ||
1567 | Git manual, or other suitable online references. | ||
1568 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1569 | > git am <mbox> | ||
1570 | # conflict | ||
1571 | > git apply ‐‐reject .git/rebase-apply/0001 | ||
1572 | # resolve conflict | ||
1573 | > git am ‐‐resolved (or git am ‐‐skip, git am ‐‐abort) | ||
1574 | # continue until complete | ||
1575 | </literallayout> | ||
1576 | </para> | ||
1577 | <para> | ||
1578 | Here is another example: | ||
1579 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1580 | # merge the patches | ||
1581 | # 1) single patch | ||
1582 | > git am <mbox> | ||
1583 | > git apply <patch< | ||
1584 | > kgit import -t patch <patch> | ||
1585 | |||
1586 | # 2) multiple patches | ||
1587 | > git am <mbox> | ||
1588 | > kgit import -t dir <dir> | ||
1589 | |||
1590 | # if kgit -t dir is used, a patch resolution cycle such | ||
1591 | # as this can be used: | ||
1592 | |||
1593 | > kgit import -t dir <dir> | ||
1594 | # locate rejects and resolve | ||
1595 | # options: | ||
1596 | > wiggle ‐‐replace <path to file> <path to reject> | ||
1597 | > guilt refresh | ||
1598 | or | ||
1599 | > # manual resolution | ||
1600 | > git add <files> | ||
1601 | > git commit -s | ||
1602 | or | ||
1603 | > git apply ‐‐reject .git/rebase-apply/0001 | ||
1604 | > git add <files> | ||
1605 | > git am ‐‐resolved | ||
1606 | or | ||
1607 | > # merge tool of choice | ||
1608 | |||
1609 | # continue series: | ||
1610 | |||
1611 | > kgit import -t dir <dir> | ||
1612 | or | ||
1613 | > git am ‐‐continue | ||
1614 | </literallayout> | ||
1615 | </para> | ||
1616 | <para> | ||
1617 | Once all the patches have been tested and are satisfactory, they | ||
1618 | should be exported via the techniques described in "saving kernel | ||
1619 | modifications." | ||
1620 | </para> | ||
1621 | <para> | ||
1622 | Once the kernel has been patched and configured for a BSP, it's | ||
1623 | configuration commonly needs to be modified. This can be done by | ||
1624 | running [menu|x]config on the kernel tree, or working with | ||
1625 | configuration fragments. | ||
1626 | </para> | ||
1627 | <para> | ||
1628 | Using menuconfig, the operation is as follows: | ||
1629 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1630 | > make linux.menuconfig | ||
1631 | > make linux.rebuild | ||
1632 | </literallayout> | ||
1633 | </para> | ||
1634 | <para> | ||
1635 | Once complete, the changes are in linux-<bsp>-<kernel type>-build/.config. | ||
1636 | To permanently save these changes, compare the .config before and after the | ||
1637 | menuconfig, and place those changes in a configuration fragment in the | ||
1638 | template of your choice. | ||
1639 | </para> | ||
1640 | <para> | ||
1641 | Using configuration fragments, the operation is as follows (using the | ||
1642 | si_is8620 as an example BSP): | ||
1643 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1644 | > vi linux/wrs/cfg/kernel-cache/bsp/si_is8620/si_is8620.cfg | ||
1645 | > make linux.reconfig | ||
1646 | > make linux.rebuild | ||
1647 | </literallayout> | ||
1648 | </para> | ||
1649 | <para> | ||
1650 | The modified configuration fragment can simply be copied out of the | ||
1651 | linux/wrs/.. directory and placed in the appropriate template for future | ||
1652 | application. | ||
1653 | </para> | ||
1654 | </section> | ||
1655 | |||
1656 | <section id='tools-guilt'> | ||
1657 | <title>Tools: guilt</title> | ||
1658 | <para> | ||
1659 | Yocto Project has guilt integrated as a kernel tool; therefore users that are | ||
1660 | familiar with quilt may wish to use this tool to pop, push and refresh | ||
1661 | their patches. Note: guilt should only be used for local operations, once | ||
1662 | a set of changes has been pushed or pulled, they should no longer be popped | ||
1663 | or refresh by guilt, since popping, refreshing and re-pushing patches | ||
1664 | changes their commit IDs and creating non-fast forward branches. | ||
1665 | </para> | ||
1666 | <para> | ||
1667 | The following example illustrates how to add patches a Yocto Project | ||
1668 | BSP branch via guilt: | ||
1669 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1670 | > cd build/linux | ||
1671 | > git checkout common_pc-standard | ||
1672 | > guilt new extra.patch | ||
1673 | # edit files, make changes, etc | ||
1674 | > guilt refresh | ||
1675 | > guilt top | ||
1676 | extra.patch | ||
1677 | |||
1678 | # export that patch to an external location | ||
1679 | > kgit export -p top /tmp | ||
1680 | </literallayout> | ||
1681 | </para> | ||
1682 | <para> | ||
1683 | Other guilt operations of interest are: | ||
1684 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1685 | > guilt push, guilt push -a | ||
1686 | > guilt pop | ||
1687 | > guilt applied, guilt unapplied | ||
1688 | > guilt top | ||
1689 | > guilt refresh | ||
1690 | > guilt header -e | ||
1691 | > guilt next | ||
1692 | </literallayout> | ||
1693 | </para> | ||
1694 | <note><para> | ||
1695 | Guilt only uses Git commands and Git plumbing to perform its operations, | ||
1696 | anything that guilt does can also be done using Git directly. It is provided | ||
1697 | as a convenience utility, but is not required and the developer can use whatever | ||
1698 | tools or workflow they wish. | ||
1699 | </para></note> | ||
1700 | <para> | ||
1701 | The following builds from the above instructions to show how guilt can be | ||
1702 | used to assist in getting your BSP kernel patches ready. You should follow | ||
1703 | the above instructions up to and including 'make linux.config'. In this | ||
1704 | example I will create a new commit (patch) from scratch and import another | ||
1705 | fictitious patch from some external public Git tree (ie, a commit with full | ||
1706 | message, signoff etc.). Please ensure you have host-cross/bin in your path. | ||
1707 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1708 | %> cd linux | ||
1709 | %> guilt-init | ||
1710 | %> guilt-new -m fill_me_in_please first_one.patch | ||
1711 | %> touch somefile.txt | ||
1712 | %> guilt-add somefile.txt | ||
1713 | %> guilt-header -e | ||
1714 | %> guilt-refresh | ||
1715 | %> guilt-import path_to_some_patch/patch_filename | ||
1716 | %> guilt-push | ||
1717 | </literallayout> | ||
1718 | </para> | ||
1719 | <para> | ||
1720 | Here are a few notes about the above: | ||
1721 | <itemizedlist> | ||
1722 | <listitem><para>guilt-header -e ‐‐ this will open editing of the patch header in | ||
1723 | EDITOR. As with a Git commit the first line is the short log and | ||
1724 | should be just that short and concise message about the commit. Follow | ||
1725 | the short log with lines of text that will be the long description but | ||
1726 | note Do not put a blank line after the short log. As usual you will | ||
1727 | want to follow this with a blank line and then a signoff line.</para></listitem> | ||
1728 | |||
1729 | <listitem><para>The last line in the example above has 2 dots on the end. If you | ||
1730 | don't add the 2 periods on the end guilt will think you are sending | ||
1731 | just one patch. The wrong one!</para></listitem> | ||
1732 | |||
1733 | <listitem><para>The advantage to using guilt over not using guilt is that if you have a | ||
1734 | review comment in the first patch (first_one.patch in the case of this | ||
1735 | example) it is very easy to use guilt to pop the other patches off | ||
1736 | allowing you to make the necessary changes without having to use more | ||
1737 | inventive Git type strategies.</para></listitem> | ||
1738 | </itemizedlist> | ||
1739 | </para> | ||
1740 | </section> | ||
1741 | |||
1742 | <section id='tools-scc-file-example'> | ||
1743 | <title>Tools: scc File Example</title> | ||
1744 | <para> | ||
1745 | This section provides some scc file examples: leaf node, 'normal' mode, and transforms. | ||
1746 | </para> | ||
1747 | <section id='leaf-node'> | ||
1748 | <title>Leaf Node</title> | ||
1749 | <para> | ||
1750 | The following example is a BSP branch with no child branches - a leaf on the tree. | ||
1751 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1752 | # these are optional, but allow standalone tree construction | ||
1753 | define WRS_BOARD <name> | ||
1754 | define WRS_KERNEL <kern type> | ||
1755 | define WRS_ARCH <arch> | ||
1756 | |||
1757 | scc_leaf ktypes/standard common_pc-standard | ||
1758 | # ^ ^ | ||
1759 | # +‐‐ parent + branch name | ||
1760 | |||
1761 | include common_pc.scc | ||
1762 | # ^ | ||
1763 | # +‐‐‐ include another feature | ||
1764 | </literallayout> | ||
1765 | </para> | ||
1766 | </section> | ||
1767 | |||
1768 | <section id='normal-mode'> | ||
1769 | <title>'Normal' Mode</title> | ||
1770 | <para> | ||
1771 | Here is an example of 'normal' mode: | ||
1772 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1773 | # +‐‐‐‐ name of file to read | ||
1774 | # v | ||
1775 | kconf hardware common_pc.cfg | ||
1776 | # ^ ^ | ||
1777 | # | +‐‐ 'type: hardware or non-hardware | ||
1778 | # | | ||
1779 | # +‐‐‐ kernel config | ||
1780 | |||
1781 | # patches | ||
1782 | patch 0002-atl2-add-atl2-driver.patch | ||
1783 | patch 0003-net-remove-LLTX-in-atl2-driver.patch | ||
1784 | patch 0004-net-add-net-poll-support-for-atl2-driver.patch | ||
1785 | </literallayout> | ||
1786 | </para> | ||
1787 | |||
1788 | </section> | ||
1789 | |||
1790 | <section id='transforms'> | ||
1791 | <title>Transforms</title> | ||
1792 | <para> | ||
1793 | This section shows an example of transforms: | ||
1794 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1795 | # either of the next two options will trigger an 'auto' | ||
1796 | # branch from existing ones, since they change the commit | ||
1797 | # order and hence must construct their own branch | ||
1798 | |||
1799 | # this changes the order of future includes, if the | ||
1800 | # passed feature is detected, the first feature is | ||
1801 | # included AFTER it | ||
1802 | include features/rt/rt.scc after features/kgdb/kgdb | ||
1803 | # this also changes the order of existing branches | ||
1804 | # this prevents the named feature from ever being | ||
1805 | # included | ||
1806 | exclude features/dynamic_ftrace/dynamic_ftrace.scc | ||
1807 | |||
1808 | # inherit the standard kernel | ||
1809 | include ktypes/standard/standard | ||
1810 | |||
1811 | |||
1812 | # LTT supplies this, so we don't want the sub-chunk from RT. | ||
1813 | patch_trigger arch:all exclude ftrace-upstream-tracepoints.patch | ||
1814 | # ...but we still want the one unique tracepoint it added. | ||
1815 | patch tracepoint-add-for-sched_resched_task.patch | ||
1816 | |||
1817 | # these will change the named patches in the series into | ||
1818 | # <patch name>.patch.<feature name> | ||
1819 | # where the substituted patch is in this directory | ||
1820 | patch_trigger arch:all ctx_mod dynamic_printk.patch | ||
1821 | patch_trigger arch:all ctx_mod 0001-Implement-futex-macros-for-ARM.patch | ||
1822 | # unconditionally exclude a patch | ||
1823 | patch_trigger arch:all exclude ftrace-fix-ARM-crash.patch | ||
1824 | </literallayout> | ||
1825 | </para> | ||
1826 | </section> | ||
1827 | </section> --> | ||
1828 | |||
1829 | <section id='tip-dirty-string'> | 799 | <section id='tip-dirty-string'> |
1830 | <title>"-dirty" String</title> | 800 | <title>"-dirty" String</title> |
1831 | 801 | ||
@@ -1839,14 +809,14 @@ This section shows an example of transforms: | |||
1839 | </para> | 809 | </para> |
1840 | 810 | ||
1841 | <para> | 811 | <para> |
1842 | You can use the Git command above to report modified, removed, or added files. | 812 | You can use the above Git command to report modified, removed, or added files. |
1843 | You should commit those changes to the tree regardless of whether they will be saved, | 813 | You should commit those changes to the tree regardless of whether they will be saved, |
1844 | exported, or used. | 814 | exported, or used. |
1845 | Once you commit the changes you need to rebuild the kernel. | 815 | Once you commit the changes you need to rebuild the kernel. |
1846 | </para> | 816 | </para> |
1847 | 817 | ||
1848 | <para> | 818 | <para> |
1849 | To brute force pickup and commit all such pending changes enter the following: | 819 | To brute force pickup and commit all such pending changes, enter the following: |
1850 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | 820 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> |
1851 | > git add . | 821 | > git add . |
1852 | > git commit -s -a -m "getting rid of -dirty" | 822 | > git commit -s -a -m "getting rid of -dirty" |
@@ -1857,206 +827,7 @@ This section shows an example of transforms: | |||
1857 | Next, rebuild the kernel. | 827 | Next, rebuild the kernel. |
1858 | </para> | 828 | </para> |
1859 | </section> | 829 | </section> |
1860 | |||
1861 | <!-- <section id='kernel-transition-kernel-layer'> | ||
1862 | <title>Creating a Transition Kernel Layer</title> | ||
1863 | |||
1864 | <para> | ||
1865 | You can temporarily use a different base kernel in Yocto Project by doing the following: | ||
1866 | |||
1867 | <orderedlist> | ||
1868 | <listitem><para>Create a custom kernel layer.</para></listitem> | ||
1869 | <listitem><para>Create a Git repository of the transition kernel.</para></listitem> | ||
1870 | </orderedlist> | ||
1871 | </para> | ||
1872 | |||
1873 | <para> | ||
1874 | Once you meet those requirements you can build multiple boards and kernels. | ||
1875 | You pay the setup cost only once. | ||
1876 | You can then add additional BSPs and options. | ||
1877 | </para> | ||
1878 | |||
1879 | <para> | ||
1880 | Once you have the transition kernel layer in place you can evaluate | ||
1881 | another kernel's functionality with the goal of easing transition to an integrated and validated | ||
1882 | Yocto Project kernel. | ||
1883 | </para> --> | ||
1884 | |||
1885 | <!--<para> | ||
1886 | The next few sections describe the process: | ||
1887 | </para> --> | ||
1888 | <!-- <section id='creating-a-custom-kernel-layer'> | ||
1889 | <title>Creating a Custom Kernel Layer</title> | ||
1890 | <para> | ||
1891 | The custom kernel layer must have the following minimum | ||
1892 | elements: | ||
1893 | <itemizedlist> | ||
1894 | <listitem><para>An include of the shipped Yocto Project kernel layer.</para></listitem> | ||
1895 | <listitem><para>A kernel-cache with an override of the standard kernel type.</para></listitem> | ||
1896 | </itemizedlist> | ||
1897 | </para> | ||
1898 | <para> | ||
1899 | This allows the inheritance of the kernel build infrastructure, | ||
1900 | while overriding the list of patches that should be applied to | ||
1901 | the base kernel. | ||
1902 | </para> | ||
1903 | <para> | ||
1904 | The kernel layer can optionally include an override to the base | ||
1905 | Yocto Project Linux BSP to inhibit the application of BSP specific | ||
1906 | patches. If a custom BSP is being used, this is not required. | ||
1907 | </para> | ||
1908 | </section> --> | ||
1909 | |||
1910 | <!-- <section id='git-repo-of-the-transition-kernel'> | ||
1911 | <title>Git Repo of the Transition Kernel</title> | ||
1912 | <para> | ||
1913 | The kernel build system requires a base kernel repository to | ||
1914 | seed the build process. This repository must be found in the | ||
1915 | same layer as the build infrastructure (i.e wrll-linux-2.6.27) | ||
1916 | in the <filename>.git</filename> subdir, with the name 'default_kernel' | ||
1917 | </para> | ||
1918 | <para>Since Yocto Project Linux ships with a default_kernel | ||
1919 | (the validated Yocto Project kernel) in the wrll-linux-2.6.27 | ||
1920 | kernel layer, that must be removed and replaced with the | ||
1921 | transition kernel. | ||
1922 | </para> | ||
1923 | <para>If the Yocto Project install cannot be directly modified | ||
1924 | with the new default kernel, then the path to the transition | ||
1925 | kernel layer's <filename>.git</filename> subdir must be passed to the build | ||
1926 | process via: | ||
1927 | <programlisting> | ||
1928 | linux_GIT_BASE=<absolute path to layer>/git | ||
1929 | </programlisting> | ||
1930 | </para> | ||
1931 | <para> | ||
1932 | If the transition kernel has not been delivered via Git, | ||
1933 | then a Git repo should be created, and bare cloned into | ||
1934 | place. Creating this repository is as simple as: | ||
1935 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1936 | > tar zxvf temp_kernel.tgz | ||
1937 | > cd temp_kernel | ||
1938 | > git init | ||
1939 | > git add . | ||
1940 | > git commit -a -m "Transition kernel baseline" | ||
1941 | |||
1942 | 'temp_kernel' can now be cloned into place via: | ||
1943 | |||
1944 | > cd <path to git base>/git | ||
1945 | > git clone ‐‐bare <path to temp_kernel/temp_kernel default_kernel | ||
1946 | </literallayout> | ||
1947 | </para> | ||
1948 | </section> --> | ||
1949 | |||
1950 | <!-- <section id='building-the-kernel'> | ||
1951 | <title>Building the Kernel</title> | ||
1952 | <para> | ||
1953 | Once these prerequisites have been met, the kernel can be | ||
1954 | built with: | ||
1955 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1956 | > make linux | ||
1957 | </literallayout> | ||
1958 | </para> | ||
1959 | <para> | ||
1960 | The new base kernel will be cloned into place and have any patches | ||
1961 | indicated in the transition kernel's cache (or templates) applied. | ||
1962 | The kernel build will detect the non-Yocto Project base repo and | ||
1963 | use the HEAD of the tree for the build. | ||
1964 | </para> | ||
1965 | </section> --> | ||
1966 | |||
1967 | <!-- <section id='example'> | ||
1968 | <title>Example</title> | ||
1969 | <para> | ||
1970 | This example creates a kernel layer to build the latest | ||
1971 | kernel.org tree as the 'common_pc' BSP. | ||
1972 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1973 | > cd <path to layers> | ||
1974 | > mkdir wrll-linux-my_version | ||
1975 | > cd wrll-linux-my_version | ||
1976 | > echo "wrll-linux-2.6.27" > include | ||
1977 | > mkdir -p kernel-cache/ktypes/standard | ||
1978 | > mkdir -p kernel-cache/bsp/common_pc | ||
1979 | > echo "v2.6.29" > kernel-cache/kver | ||
1980 | > echo "branch common_pc-standard" > kernel-cache/bsp/common_pc/common_pc.scc | ||
1981 | > echo "kconf hardware common_pc.cfg" >> kernel-cache/bsp/common_pc/common_pc.scc | ||
1982 | > echo "CONFIG_FOO=y" > kernel-cache/bsp/common_pc/common_pc.cfg | ||
1983 | > mkdir git | ||
1984 | > cd git | ||
1985 | > git clone ‐‐bare git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git default_kernel | ||
1986 | </literallayout> | ||
1987 | </para> | ||
1988 | <para> | ||
1989 | Configure a build to use the new layer. This means that: | ||
1990 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1991 | ‐‐enable-kernel-version=my_version | ||
1992 | </literallayout> | ||
1993 | </para> | ||
1994 | <para> | ||
1995 | Should be used to override the shipped default. | ||
1996 | </para> | ||
1997 | <para> | ||
1998 | To build the kernel: | ||
1999 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
2000 | > cd build | ||
2001 | > make linux_GIT_BASE=<layer path>/wrll-linux-my_version/git linux | ||
2002 | </literallayout> | ||
2003 | </para> | ||
2004 | <para> | ||
2005 | If this is to build without some user intervention (passing of the | ||
2006 | GIT_BASE), you must do the clone into the <filename>wrll-linux-2.6.27/.git</filename> directory. | ||
2007 | </para> | ||
2008 | <note><para>Unless you define valid "hardware.kcf" and "non-hardware.kcf" some | ||
2009 | non fatal warnings will be seen. They can be fixed by populating these | ||
2010 | files in the kernel-cache with valid hardware and non hardware config | ||
2011 | options. | ||
2012 | </para></note> | ||
2013 | </section> --> | ||
2014 | <!-- </section> --> | ||
2015 | </section> | 830 | </section> |
2016 | |||
2017 | |||
2018 | |||
2019 | |||
2020 | |||
2021 | <!-- <itemizedlist> | ||
2022 | <listitem><para>Introduction to this section.</para></listitem> | ||
2023 | <listitem><para>Constructing a project-specific kernel tree.</para></listitem> | ||
2024 | <listitem><para>Building the kernel.</para></listitem> | ||
2025 | <listitem><para>Seeing what has changed.</para></listitem> | ||
2026 | <listitem><para>Seeing what has changed in a particular branch.</para></listitem> | ||
2027 | <listitem><para>Modifying the kernel.</para></listitem> | ||
2028 | <listitem><para>Saving modifications.</para></listitem> | ||
2029 | <listitem><para>Storing patches outside of the kernel source repository (bulk export).</para></listitem> | ||
2030 | <listitem><para>Working with incremental changes.</para></listitem> | ||
2031 | <listitem><para>Extracting commited changes from a working directory (exporting internally through | ||
2032 | patches.</para></listitem> | ||
2033 | <listitem><para>Pushing commited changes.</para></listitem> | ||
2034 | <listitem><para>Exporting for external (upstream) submission.</para></listitem> | ||
2035 | <listitem><para>Exporting for import into another Source Control Manager (SCM).</para></listitem> | ||
2036 | <listitem><para>Working with the Yocto Project kernel in another SCM.</para> | ||
2037 | <itemizedlist> | ||
2038 | <listitem><para>Exporting the delivered kernel to an SCM.</para></listitem> | ||
2039 | <listitem><para>Importing changed for the build.</para></listitem> | ||
2040 | </itemizedlist></listitem> | ||
2041 | <listitem><para>Migrating templates from version 2.0.</para></listitem> | ||
2042 | <listitem><para>Creating a new Board Support Package (BSP).</para> | ||
2043 | <itemizedlist> | ||
2044 | <listitem><para>Creating from scratch.</para></listitem> | ||
2045 | <listitem><para>Cloning.</para></listitem> | ||
2046 | </itemizedlist></listitem> | ||
2047 | <listitem><para>BSP bootstrapping.</para></listitem> | ||
2048 | <listitem><para>Applying patches to the kernel through a template.</para></listitem> | ||
2049 | <listitem><para>Applying patches to the kernel without using a template.</para></listitem> | ||
2050 | <listitem><para>Updating patches and configurations for a BSP.</para></listitem> | ||
2051 | <listitem><para>Using guilt to add and export patches.</para></listitem> | ||
2052 | <listitem><para>Using scc.</para></listitem> | ||
2053 | <listitem><para>Building a 'dirty' image.</para></listitem> | ||
2054 | <listitem><para>Temporarily using a different base kernel.</para></listitem> | ||
2055 | <listitem><para>Creating a custom kernel layer.</para></listitem> | ||
2056 | <listitem><para>Creating the Git repository of the transition kernel.</para></listitem> | ||
2057 | </itemizedlist> --> | ||
2058 | |||
2059 | |||
2060 | </chapter> | 831 | </chapter> |
2061 | <!-- | 832 | <!-- |
2062 | vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4 | 833 | vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4 |