diff options
-rw-r--r-- | documentation/bsp-guide/bsp.xml | 4 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-common-tasks.xml | 559 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-kernel-appendix-orig.xml | 553 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-model.xml | 21 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual.xml | 2 |
5 files changed, 1124 insertions, 15 deletions
diff --git a/documentation/bsp-guide/bsp.xml b/documentation/bsp-guide/bsp.xml index 7c63e4f24d..2fa016a969 100644 --- a/documentation/bsp-guide/bsp.xml +++ b/documentation/bsp-guide/bsp.xml | |||
@@ -618,10 +618,10 @@ | |||
618 | <filename>meta</filename> branch for your BSP. | 618 | <filename>meta</filename> branch for your BSP. |
619 | The configuration options will likely end up in that location anyway if the BSP gets | 619 | The configuration options will likely end up in that location anyway if the BSP gets |
620 | added to the Yocto Project. | 620 | added to the Yocto Project. |
621 | For a better understanding of working with a local clone of the kernel repository | 621 | <!-- For a better understanding of working with a local clone of the kernel repository |
622 | and a local bare clone of the kernel, see the | 622 | and a local bare clone of the kernel, see the |
623 | "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#modifying-the-kernel-source-code'>Modifying the Kernel | 623 | "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#modifying-the-kernel-source-code'>Modifying the Kernel |
624 | Source Code</ulink>" section also in the Yocto Project Development Manual. | 624 | Source Code</ulink>" section also in the Yocto Project Development Manual. --> |
625 | </para> | 625 | </para> |
626 | 626 | ||
627 | <para> | 627 | <para> |
diff --git a/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-common-tasks.xml b/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-common-tasks.xml index 918d884681..4ce0a94873 100644 --- a/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-common-tasks.xml +++ b/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-common-tasks.xml | |||
@@ -1590,6 +1590,565 @@ | |||
1590 | </section> | 1590 | </section> |
1591 | </section> | 1591 | </section> |
1592 | 1592 | ||
1593 | |||
1594 | |||
1595 | |||
1596 | |||
1597 | |||
1598 | |||
1599 | |||
1600 | |||
1601 | |||
1602 | |||
1603 | |||
1604 | <section id="patching-the-kernel"> | ||
1605 | <title>Patching the Kernel</title> | ||
1606 | |||
1607 | <para> | ||
1608 | Kernel modification involves changing or adding configurations to an existing kernel, | ||
1609 | changing or adding recipes to the kernel that are needed to support specific hardware features, | ||
1610 | or even altering the source code itself. | ||
1611 | This appendix presents simple examples that modify the kernel source code, | ||
1612 | change the kernel configuration, and add a kernel source recipe. | ||
1613 | <note> | ||
1614 | You can use the <filename>yocto-kernel</filename> script | ||
1615 | found in the <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link> | ||
1616 | under <filename>scripts</filename> to manage kernel patches and configuration. | ||
1617 | See the "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#managing-kernel-patches-and-config-items-with-yocto-kernel'>Managing kernel Patches and Config Items with yocto-kernel</ulink>" | ||
1618 | section in the Yocto Project Board Support Packages (BSP) Developer's Guide for | ||
1619 | more information.</note> | ||
1620 | </para> | ||
1621 | |||
1622 | <para> | ||
1623 | This example adds some simple QEMU emulator console output at boot time by | ||
1624 | adding <filename>printk</filename> statements to the kernel's | ||
1625 | <filename>calibrate.c</filename> source code file. | ||
1626 | Booting the modified image causes the added messages to appear on the emulator's | ||
1627 | console. | ||
1628 | </para> | ||
1629 | |||
1630 | <section id='understanding-the-files-you-need'> | ||
1631 | <title>Understanding the Files You Need</title> | ||
1632 | |||
1633 | <para> | ||
1634 | Before you modify the kernel, you need to know what Git repositories and file | ||
1635 | structures you need. | ||
1636 | Briefly, you need the following: | ||
1637 | <itemizedlist> | ||
1638 | <listitem><para>A local | ||
1639 | <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link> for the | ||
1640 | poky Git repository</para></listitem> | ||
1641 | <listitem><para>Local copies of the | ||
1642 | <link linkend='poky-extras-repo'><filename>poky-extras</filename></link> | ||
1643 | Git repository placed within the Source Directory.</para></listitem> | ||
1644 | <listitem><para>A bare clone of the | ||
1645 | <link linkend='local-kernel-files'>Yocto Project Kernel</link> upstream Git | ||
1646 | repository to which you want to push your modifications. | ||
1647 | </para></listitem> | ||
1648 | <listitem><para>A copy of that bare clone in which you make your source | ||
1649 | modifications</para></listitem> | ||
1650 | </itemizedlist> | ||
1651 | </para> | ||
1652 | |||
1653 | <para> | ||
1654 | The following figure summarizes these four areas. | ||
1655 | Within each rectangular that represents a data structure, a | ||
1656 | host development directory pathname appears at the | ||
1657 | lower left-hand corner of the box. | ||
1658 | These pathnames are the locations used in this example. | ||
1659 | The figure also provides key statements and commands used during the kernel | ||
1660 | modification process: | ||
1661 | </para> | ||
1662 | |||
1663 | <para> | ||
1664 | <imagedata fileref="figures/kernel-example-repos-generic.png" width="7in" depth="5in" | ||
1665 | align="center" scale="100" /> | ||
1666 | </para> | ||
1667 | |||
1668 | <para> | ||
1669 | Here is a brief description of the four areas: | ||
1670 | <itemizedlist> | ||
1671 | <listitem><para><emphasis>Local Source Directory:</emphasis> | ||
1672 | This area contains all the metadata that supports building images | ||
1673 | using the OpenEmbedded build system. | ||
1674 | In this example, the | ||
1675 | <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link> also | ||
1676 | contains the | ||
1677 | <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>, | ||
1678 | which contains the configuration directory | ||
1679 | that lets you control the build. | ||
1680 | Also in this example, the Source Directory contains local copies of the | ||
1681 | <filename>poky-extras</filename> Git repository.</para> | ||
1682 | <para>See the bulleted item | ||
1683 | "<link linkend='local-yp-release'>Yocto Project Release</link>" | ||
1684 | for information on how to get these files on your local system.</para></listitem> | ||
1685 | <listitem><para><emphasis>Local copies of the <filename>poky-extras</filename> Git Repository:</emphasis> | ||
1686 | This area contains the <filename>meta-kernel-dev</filename> layer, | ||
1687 | which is where you make changes that append the kernel build recipes. | ||
1688 | You edit <filename>.bbappend</filename> files to locate your | ||
1689 | local kernel source files and to identify the kernel being built. | ||
1690 | This Git repository is a gathering place for extensions to the Yocto Project | ||
1691 | (or really any) kernel recipes that faciliate the creation and development | ||
1692 | of kernel features, BSPs or configurations.</para> | ||
1693 | <para>See the bulleted item | ||
1694 | "<link linkend='poky-extras-repo'>The | ||
1695 | <filename>poky-extras</filename> Git Repository</link>" | ||
1696 | for information on how to get these files.</para></listitem> | ||
1697 | <listitem><para><emphasis>Bare Clone of the Yocto Project kernel:</emphasis> | ||
1698 | This bare Git repository tracks the upstream Git repository of the Linux | ||
1699 | Yocto kernel source code you are changing. | ||
1700 | When you modify the kernel you must work through a bare clone. | ||
1701 | All source code changes you make to the kernel must be committed and | ||
1702 | pushed to the bare clone using Git commands. | ||
1703 | As mentioned, the <filename>.bbappend</filename> file in the | ||
1704 | <filename>poky-extras</filename> repository points to the bare clone | ||
1705 | so that the build process can locate the locally changed source files.</para> | ||
1706 | <para>See the bulleted item | ||
1707 | "<link linkend='local-kernel-files'>Yocto Project Kernel</link>" | ||
1708 | for information on how to set up the bare clone. | ||
1709 | </para></listitem> | ||
1710 | <listitem><para><emphasis>Copy of the Yocto Project Kernel Bare Clone:</emphasis> | ||
1711 | This Git repository contains the actual source files that you modify. | ||
1712 | Any changes you make to files in this location need to ultimately be pushed | ||
1713 | to the bare clone using the <filename>git push</filename> command.</para> | ||
1714 | <para>See the bulleted item | ||
1715 | "<link linkend='local-kernel-files'>Yocto Project Kernel</link>" | ||
1716 | for information on how to set up the bare clone. | ||
1717 | <note>Typically, Git workflows follow a scheme where changes made to a local area | ||
1718 | are pulled into a Git repository. | ||
1719 | However, because the <filename>git pull</filename> command does not work | ||
1720 | with bare clones, this workflow pushes changes to the | ||
1721 | repository even though you could use other more complicated methods to | ||
1722 | get changes into the bare clone.</note> | ||
1723 | </para></listitem> | ||
1724 | </itemizedlist> | ||
1725 | </para> | ||
1726 | </section> | ||
1727 | |||
1728 | <section id='setting-up-the-local-yocto-project-files-git-repository'> | ||
1729 | <title>Setting Up the Local Source Directory</title> | ||
1730 | |||
1731 | <para> | ||
1732 | You can set up the | ||
1733 | <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link> | ||
1734 | through tarball extraction or by | ||
1735 | cloning the <filename>poky</filename> Git repository. | ||
1736 | This example uses <filename>poky</filename> as the root directory of the | ||
1737 | local Source Directory. | ||
1738 | See the bulleted item | ||
1739 | "<link linkend='local-yp-release'>Yocto Project Release</link>" | ||
1740 | for information on how to get these files. | ||
1741 | </para> | ||
1742 | |||
1743 | <para> | ||
1744 | Once you have Source Directory set up, | ||
1745 | you have many development branches from which you can work. | ||
1746 | From inside the local repository you can see the branch names and the tag names used | ||
1747 | in the upstream Git repository by using either of the following commands: | ||
1748 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1749 | $ cd poky | ||
1750 | $ git branch -a | ||
1751 | $ git tag -l | ||
1752 | </literallayout> | ||
1753 | This example uses the Yocto Project &DISTRO; Release code named "&DISTRO_NAME;", | ||
1754 | which maps to the <filename>&DISTRO_NAME;</filename> branch in the repository. | ||
1755 | The following commands create and checkout the local <filename>&DISTRO_NAME;</filename> | ||
1756 | branch: | ||
1757 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1758 | $ git checkout -b &DISTRO_NAME; origin/&DISTRO_NAME; | ||
1759 | Branch &DISTRO_NAME; set up to track remote branch &DISTRO_NAME; from origin. | ||
1760 | Switched to a new branch '&DISTRO_NAME;' | ||
1761 | </literallayout> | ||
1762 | </para> | ||
1763 | </section> | ||
1764 | |||
1765 | <section id='setting-up-the-poky-extras-git-repository'> | ||
1766 | <title>Setting Up the Local poky-extras Git Repository</title> | ||
1767 | |||
1768 | <para> | ||
1769 | This example creates a local copy of the <filename>poky-extras</filename> Git | ||
1770 | repository inside the <filename>poky</filename> Source Directory. | ||
1771 | See the bulleted item "<link linkend='poky-extras-repo'>The | ||
1772 | <filename>poky-extras</filename> Git Repository</link>" | ||
1773 | for information on how to set up a local copy of the | ||
1774 | <filename>poky-extras</filename> repository. | ||
1775 | </para> | ||
1776 | |||
1777 | <para> | ||
1778 | Because this example uses the Yocto Project &DISTRO; Release code | ||
1779 | named "&DISTRO_NAME;", which maps to the <filename>&DISTRO_NAME;</filename> | ||
1780 | branch in the repository, you need to be sure you are using that | ||
1781 | branch for <filename>poky-extras</filename>. | ||
1782 | The following commands create and checkout the local | ||
1783 | branch you are using for the <filename>&DISTRO_NAME;</filename> | ||
1784 | branch: | ||
1785 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1786 | $ cd ~/poky/poky-extras | ||
1787 | $ git checkout -b &DISTRO_NAME; origin/&DISTRO_NAME; | ||
1788 | Branch &DISTRO_NAME; set up to track remote branch &DISTRO_NAME; from origin. | ||
1789 | Switched to a new branch '&DISTRO_NAME;' | ||
1790 | </literallayout> | ||
1791 | </para> | ||
1792 | </section> | ||
1793 | |||
1794 | <section id='setting-up-the-bare-clone-and-its-copy'> | ||
1795 | <title>Setting Up the Bare Clone and its Copy</title> | ||
1796 | |||
1797 | <para> | ||
1798 | This example modifies the <filename>linux-yocto-3.4</filename> kernel. | ||
1799 | Thus, you need to create a bare clone of that kernel and then make a copy of the | ||
1800 | bare clone. | ||
1801 | See the bulleted item | ||
1802 | "<link linkend='local-kernel-files'>Yocto Project Kernel</link>" | ||
1803 | for information on how to do that. | ||
1804 | </para> | ||
1805 | |||
1806 | <para> | ||
1807 | The bare clone exists for the kernel build tools and simply as the receiving end | ||
1808 | of <filename>git push</filename> | ||
1809 | commands after you make edits and commits inside the copy of the clone. | ||
1810 | The copy (<filename>my-linux-yocto-3.4-work</filename> in this example) has to have | ||
1811 | a local branch created and checked out for your work. | ||
1812 | This example uses <filename>common-pc-base</filename> as the local branch. | ||
1813 | The following commands create and checkout the branch: | ||
1814 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1815 | $ cd ~/my-linux-yocto-3.4-work | ||
1816 | $ git checkout -b standard-common-pc-base origin/standard/common-pc/base | ||
1817 | Branch standard-common-pc-base set up to track remote branch | ||
1818 | standard/common-pc/base from origin. | ||
1819 | Switched to a new branch 'standard-common-pc-base' | ||
1820 | </literallayout> | ||
1821 | </para> | ||
1822 | </section> | ||
1823 | |||
1824 | <section id='building-and-booting-the-default-qemu-kernel-image'> | ||
1825 | <title>Building and Booting the Default QEMU Kernel Image</title> | ||
1826 | |||
1827 | <para> | ||
1828 | Before we make changes to the kernel source files, this example first builds the | ||
1829 | default image and then boots it inside the QEMU emulator. | ||
1830 | <note> | ||
1831 | Because a full build can take hours, you should check two variables in the | ||
1832 | <filename>build</filename> directory that is created after you source the | ||
1833 | <filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename> script. | ||
1834 | You can find these variables | ||
1835 | <filename>BB_NUMBER_THREADS</filename> and <filename>PARALLEL_MAKE</filename> | ||
1836 | in the <filename>build/conf</filename> directory in the | ||
1837 | <filename>local.conf</filename> configuration file. | ||
1838 | By default, these variables are commented out. | ||
1839 | If your host development system supports multi-core and multi-thread capabilities, | ||
1840 | you can uncomment these statements and set the variables to significantly shorten | ||
1841 | the full build time. | ||
1842 | As a guideline, set both <filename>BB_NUMBER_THREADS</filename> and | ||
1843 | <filename>PARALLEL_MAKE</filename> to twice the number | ||
1844 | of cores your machine supports. | ||
1845 | </note> | ||
1846 | The following two commands <filename>source</filename> the build environment setup script | ||
1847 | and build the default <filename>qemux86</filename> image. | ||
1848 | If necessary, the script creates the build directory: | ||
1849 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1850 | $ cd ~/poky | ||
1851 | $ source &OE_INIT_FILE; | ||
1852 | You had no conf/local.conf file. This configuration file has therefore been | ||
1853 | created for you with some default values. You may wish to edit it to use a | ||
1854 | different MACHINE (target hardware) or enable parallel build options to take | ||
1855 | advantage of multiple cores for example. See the file for more information as | ||
1856 | common configuration options are commented. | ||
1857 | |||
1858 | The Yocto Project has extensive documentation about OE including a reference manual | ||
1859 | which can be found at: | ||
1860 | http://yoctoproject.org/documentation | ||
1861 | |||
1862 | For more information about OpenEmbedded see their website: | ||
1863 | http://www.openembedded.org/ | ||
1864 | |||
1865 | You had no conf/bblayers.conf file. The configuration file has been created for | ||
1866 | you with some default values. To add additional metadata layers into your | ||
1867 | configuration please add entries to this file. | ||
1868 | |||
1869 | The Yocto Project has extensive documentation about OE including a reference manual | ||
1870 | which can be found at: | ||
1871 | http://yoctoproject.org/documentation | ||
1872 | |||
1873 | For more information about OpenEmbedded see their website: | ||
1874 | http://www.openembedded.org/ | ||
1875 | |||
1876 | |||
1877 | |||
1878 | ### Shell environment set up for builds. ### | ||
1879 | |||
1880 | You can now run 'bitbake <target>>' | ||
1881 | |||
1882 | Common targets are: | ||
1883 | core-image-minimal | ||
1884 | core-image-sato | ||
1885 | meta-toolchain | ||
1886 | meta-toolchain-sdk | ||
1887 | adt-installer | ||
1888 | meta-ide-support | ||
1889 | |||
1890 | You can also run generated qemu images with a command like 'runqemu qemux86' | ||
1891 | </literallayout> | ||
1892 | </para> | ||
1893 | |||
1894 | <para> | ||
1895 | The following <filename>bitbake</filename> command starts the build: | ||
1896 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1897 | $ bitbake -k core-image-minimal | ||
1898 | </literallayout> | ||
1899 | <note>Be sure to check the settings in the <filename>local.conf</filename> | ||
1900 | before starting the build.</note> | ||
1901 | </para> | ||
1902 | |||
1903 | <para> | ||
1904 | After the build completes, you can start the QEMU emulator using the resulting image | ||
1905 | <filename>qemux86</filename> as follows: | ||
1906 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1907 | $ runqemu qemux86 | ||
1908 | </literallayout> | ||
1909 | </para> | ||
1910 | |||
1911 | <para> | ||
1912 | As the image boots in the emulator, console message and status output appears | ||
1913 | across the terminal window. | ||
1914 | Because the output scrolls by quickly, it is difficult to read. | ||
1915 | To examine the output, you log into the system using the | ||
1916 | login <filename>root</filename> with no password. | ||
1917 | Once you are logged in, issue the following command to scroll through the | ||
1918 | console output: | ||
1919 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1920 | # dmesg | less | ||
1921 | </literallayout> | ||
1922 | </para> | ||
1923 | |||
1924 | <para> | ||
1925 | Take note of the output as you will want to look for your inserted print command output | ||
1926 | later in the example. | ||
1927 | </para> | ||
1928 | </section> | ||
1929 | |||
1930 | <section id='changing-the-source-code-and-pushing-it-to-the-bare-clone'> | ||
1931 | <title>Changing the Source Code and Pushing it to the Bare Clone</title> | ||
1932 | |||
1933 | <para> | ||
1934 | The file you change in this example is named <filename>calibrate.c</filename> | ||
1935 | and is located in the <filename>my-linux-yocto-3.4-work</filename> Git repository | ||
1936 | (the copy of the bare clone) in <filename>init</filename>. | ||
1937 | This example simply inserts several <filename>printk</filename> statements | ||
1938 | at the beginning of the <filename>calibrate_delay</filename> function. | ||
1939 | </para> | ||
1940 | |||
1941 | <para> | ||
1942 | Here is the unaltered code at the start of this function: | ||
1943 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1944 | void __cpuinit calibrate_delay(void) | ||
1945 | { | ||
1946 | unsigned long lpj; | ||
1947 | static bool printed; | ||
1948 | int this_cpu = smp_processor_id(); | ||
1949 | |||
1950 | if (per_cpu(cpu_loops_per_jiffy, this_cpu)) { | ||
1951 | . | ||
1952 | . | ||
1953 | . | ||
1954 | </literallayout> | ||
1955 | </para> | ||
1956 | |||
1957 | <para> | ||
1958 | Here is the altered code showing five new <filename>printk</filename> statements | ||
1959 | near the top of the function: | ||
1960 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1961 | void __cpuinit calibrate_delay(void) | ||
1962 | { | ||
1963 | unsigned long lpj; | ||
1964 | static bool printed; | ||
1965 | int this_cpu = smp_processor_id(); | ||
1966 | |||
1967 | printk("*************************************\n"); | ||
1968 | printk("* *\n"); | ||
1969 | printk("* HELLO YOCTO KERNEL *\n"); | ||
1970 | printk("* *\n"); | ||
1971 | printk("*************************************\n"); | ||
1972 | |||
1973 | if (per_cpu(cpu_loops_per_jiffy, this_cpu)) { | ||
1974 | . | ||
1975 | . | ||
1976 | . | ||
1977 | </literallayout> | ||
1978 | </para> | ||
1979 | |||
1980 | <para> | ||
1981 | After making and saving your changes, you need to stage them for the push. | ||
1982 | The following Git commands are one method of staging and committing your changes: | ||
1983 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1984 | $ git add calibrate.c | ||
1985 | $ git commit --signoff | ||
1986 | </literallayout> | ||
1987 | </para> | ||
1988 | |||
1989 | <para> | ||
1990 | Once the source code has been modified, you need to use Git to push the changes to | ||
1991 | the bare clone. | ||
1992 | If you do not push the changes, then the OpenEmbedded build system will not pick | ||
1993 | up the changed source files. | ||
1994 | </para> | ||
1995 | |||
1996 | <para> | ||
1997 | The following command pushes the changes to the bare clone: | ||
1998 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
1999 | $ git push origin standard-common-pc-base:standard/default/common-pc/base | ||
2000 | </literallayout> | ||
2001 | </para> | ||
2002 | </section> | ||
2003 | |||
2004 | <section id='changing-build-parameters-for-your-build'> | ||
2005 | <title>Changing Build Parameters for Your Build</title> | ||
2006 | |||
2007 | <para> | ||
2008 | At this point, the source has been changed and pushed. | ||
2009 | The example now defines some variables used by the OpenEmbedded build system | ||
2010 | to locate your kernel source. | ||
2011 | You essentially need to identify where to find the kernel recipe and the changed source code. | ||
2012 | You also need to be sure some basic configurations are in place that identify the | ||
2013 | type of machine you are building and to help speed up the build should your host support | ||
2014 | multiple-core and thread capabilities. | ||
2015 | </para> | ||
2016 | |||
2017 | <para> | ||
2018 | Do the following to make sure the build parameters are set up for the example. | ||
2019 | Once you set up these build parameters, they do not have to change unless you | ||
2020 | change the target architecture of the machine you are building or you move | ||
2021 | the bare clone, copy of the clone, or the <filename>poky-extras</filename> repository: | ||
2022 | <itemizedlist> | ||
2023 | <listitem><para><emphasis>Build for the Correct Target Architecture:</emphasis> The | ||
2024 | <filename>local.conf</filename> file in the build directory defines the build's | ||
2025 | target architecture. | ||
2026 | By default, <filename>MACHINE</filename> is set to | ||
2027 | <filename>qemux86</filename>, which specifies a 32-bit | ||
2028 | <trademark class='registered'>Intel</trademark> Architecture | ||
2029 | target machine suitable for the QEMU emulator. | ||
2030 | In this example, <filename>MACHINE</filename> is correctly configured. | ||
2031 | </para></listitem> | ||
2032 | <listitem><para><emphasis>Optimize Build Time:</emphasis> Also in the | ||
2033 | <filename>local.conf</filename> file are two variables that can speed your | ||
2034 | build time if your host supports multi-core and multi-thread capabilities: | ||
2035 | <filename>BB_NUMBER_THREADS</filename> and <filename>PARALLEL_MAKE</filename>. | ||
2036 | If the host system has multiple cores then you can optimize build time | ||
2037 | by setting both these variables to twice the number of | ||
2038 | cores.</para></listitem> | ||
2039 | <listitem><para><emphasis>Identify Your <filename>meta-kernel-dev</filename> | ||
2040 | Layer:</emphasis> The <filename>BBLAYERS</filename> variable in the | ||
2041 | <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> file found in the | ||
2042 | <filename>poky/build/conf</filename> directory needs to have the path to your local | ||
2043 | <filename>meta-kernel-dev</filename> layer. | ||
2044 | By default, the <filename>BBLAYERS</filename> variable contains paths to | ||
2045 | <filename>meta</filename> and <filename>meta-yocto</filename> in the | ||
2046 | <filename>poky</filename> Git repository. | ||
2047 | Add the path to your <filename>meta-kernel-dev</filename> location. | ||
2048 | Be sure to substitute your user information in the statement. | ||
2049 | Here is an example: | ||
2050 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
2051 | BBLAYERS = " \ | ||
2052 | /home/scottrif/poky/meta \ | ||
2053 | /home/scottrif/poky/meta-yocto \ | ||
2054 | /home/scottrif/poky/meta-yocto-bsp \ | ||
2055 | /home/scottrif/poky/poky-extras/meta-kernel-dev \ | ||
2056 | " | ||
2057 | </literallayout></para></listitem> | ||
2058 | <listitem><para><emphasis>Identify Your Source Files:</emphasis> In the | ||
2059 | <filename>linux-yocto_3.4.bbappend</filename> file located in the | ||
2060 | <filename>poky-extras/meta-kernel-dev/recipes-kernel/linux</filename> | ||
2061 | directory, you need to identify the location of the | ||
2062 | local source code, which in this example is the bare clone named | ||
2063 | <filename>linux-yocto-3.4.git</filename>. | ||
2064 | To do this, set the <filename>KSRC_linux_yocto</filename> variable to point to your | ||
2065 | local <filename>linux-yocto-3.4.git</filename> Git repository by adding the | ||
2066 | following statement. | ||
2067 | Also, be sure the <filename>SRC_URI</filename> variable is pointing to | ||
2068 | your kernel source files by removing the comment. | ||
2069 | Finally, be sure to substitute your user information in the statement: | ||
2070 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
2071 | KSRC_linux_yocto_3_4 ?= "/home/scottrif/linux-yocto-3.4.git" | ||
2072 | SRC_URI = "git://${KSRC_linux_yocto_3_4};protocol=file;nocheckout=1;branch=${KBRANCH},meta;name=machine,meta" | ||
2073 | </literallayout></para></listitem> | ||
2074 | </itemizedlist> | ||
2075 | </para> | ||
2076 | |||
2077 | <note> | ||
2078 | <para>Before attempting to build the modified kernel, there is one more set of changes you | ||
2079 | need to make in the <filename>meta-kernel-dev</filename> layer. | ||
2080 | Because all the kernel <filename>.bbappend</filename> files are parsed during the | ||
2081 | build process regardless of whether you are using them or not, you should either | ||
2082 | comment out the <filename>COMPATIBLE_MACHINE</filename> statements in all | ||
2083 | unused <filename>.bbappend</filename> files, or simply remove (or rename) all the files | ||
2084 | except the one your are using for the build | ||
2085 | (i.e. <filename>linux-yocto_3.4.bbappend</filename> in this example).</para> | ||
2086 | <para>If you do not make one of these two adjustments, your machine will be compatible | ||
2087 | with all the kernel recipes in the <filename>meta-kernel-dev</filename> layer. | ||
2088 | When your machine is comapatible with all the kernel recipes, the build attempts | ||
2089 | to build all kernels in the layer. | ||
2090 | You could end up with build errors blocking your work.</para> | ||
2091 | </note> | ||
2092 | </section> | ||
2093 | |||
2094 | <section id='building-and-booting-the-modified-qemu-kernel-image'> | ||
2095 | <title>Building and Booting the Modified QEMU Kernel Image</title> | ||
2096 | |||
2097 | <para> | ||
2098 | Next, you need to build the modified image. | ||
2099 | Do the following: | ||
2100 | <orderedlist> | ||
2101 | <listitem><para>Your environment should be set up since you previously sourced | ||
2102 | the <filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename> script. | ||
2103 | If it isn't, source the script again from <filename>poky</filename>. | ||
2104 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
2105 | $ cd ~/poky | ||
2106 | $ source &OE_INIT_FILE; | ||
2107 | </literallayout> | ||
2108 | </para></listitem> | ||
2109 | <listitem><para>Be sure old images are cleaned out by running the | ||
2110 | <filename>cleanall</filename> BitBake task as follows from your build directory: | ||
2111 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
2112 | $ bitbake -c cleanall linux-yocto | ||
2113 | </literallayout></para> | ||
2114 | <para><note>Never remove any files by hand from the <filename>tmp/deploy</filename> | ||
2115 | directory insided the build directory. | ||
2116 | Always use the BitBake <filename>cleanall</filename> task to clear | ||
2117 | out previous builds.</note></para></listitem> | ||
2118 | <listitem><para>Next, build the kernel image using this command: | ||
2119 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
2120 | $ bitbake -k core-image-minimal | ||
2121 | </literallayout></para></listitem> | ||
2122 | <listitem><para>Finally, boot the modified image in the QEMU emulator | ||
2123 | using this command: | ||
2124 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
2125 | $ runqemu qemux86 | ||
2126 | </literallayout></para></listitem> | ||
2127 | </orderedlist> | ||
2128 | </para> | ||
2129 | |||
2130 | <para> | ||
2131 | Log into the machine using <filename>root</filename> with no password and then | ||
2132 | use the following shell command to scroll through the console's boot output. | ||
2133 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
2134 | # dmesg | less | ||
2135 | </literallayout> | ||
2136 | </para> | ||
2137 | |||
2138 | <para> | ||
2139 | You should see the results of your <filename>printk</filename> statements | ||
2140 | as part of the output. | ||
2141 | </para> | ||
2142 | </section> | ||
2143 | </section> | ||
2144 | |||
2145 | |||
2146 | |||
2147 | |||
2148 | |||
2149 | |||
2150 | |||
2151 | |||
1593 | <section id="usingpoky-changes-updatingimages"> | 2152 | <section id="usingpoky-changes-updatingimages"> |
1594 | <title>Updating Existing Images</title> | 2153 | <title>Updating Existing Images</title> |
1595 | 2154 | ||
diff --git a/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-kernel-appendix-orig.xml b/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-kernel-appendix-orig.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6ea77d030c --- /dev/null +++ b/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-kernel-appendix-orig.xml | |||
@@ -0,0 +1,553 @@ | |||
1 | <!DOCTYPE appendix PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" | ||
2 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" | ||
3 | [<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] > | ||
4 | |||
5 | <appendix id='dev-manual-kernel-appendix'> | ||
6 | |||
7 | <title>Kernel Modification Example</title> | ||
8 | |||
9 | <para> | ||
10 | Kernel modification involves changing or adding configurations to an existing kernel, | ||
11 | changing or adding recipes to the kernel that are needed to support specific hardware features, | ||
12 | or even altering the source code itself. | ||
13 | This appendix presents simple examples that modify the kernel source code, | ||
14 | change the kernel configuration, and add a kernel source recipe. | ||
15 | <note> | ||
16 | You can use the <filename>yocto-kernel</filename> script | ||
17 | found in the <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link> | ||
18 | under <filename>scripts</filename> to manage kernel patches and configuration. | ||
19 | See the "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#managing-kernel-patches-and-config-items-with-yocto-kernel'>Managing kernel Patches and Config Items with yocto-kernel</ulink>" | ||
20 | section in the Yocto Project Board Support Packages (BSP) Developer's Guide for | ||
21 | more information.</note> | ||
22 | </para> | ||
23 | |||
24 | <section id='modifying-the-kernel-source-code'> | ||
25 | <title>Modifying the Kernel Source Code</title> | ||
26 | |||
27 | <para> | ||
28 | This example adds some simple QEMU emulator console output at boot time by | ||
29 | adding <filename>printk</filename> statements to the kernel's | ||
30 | <filename>calibrate.c</filename> source code file. | ||
31 | Booting the modified image causes the added messages to appear on the emulator's | ||
32 | console. | ||
33 | </para> | ||
34 | |||
35 | <section id='understanding-the-files-you-need'> | ||
36 | <title>Understanding the Files You Need</title> | ||
37 | |||
38 | <para> | ||
39 | Before you modify the kernel, you need to know what Git repositories and file | ||
40 | structures you need. | ||
41 | Briefly, you need the following: | ||
42 | <itemizedlist> | ||
43 | <listitem><para>A local | ||
44 | <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link> for the | ||
45 | poky Git repository</para></listitem> | ||
46 | <listitem><para>Local copies of the | ||
47 | <link linkend='poky-extras-repo'><filename>poky-extras</filename></link> | ||
48 | Git repository placed within the Source Directory.</para></listitem> | ||
49 | <listitem><para>A bare clone of the | ||
50 | <link linkend='local-kernel-files'>Yocto Project Kernel</link> upstream Git | ||
51 | repository to which you want to push your modifications. | ||
52 | </para></listitem> | ||
53 | <listitem><para>A copy of that bare clone in which you make your source | ||
54 | modifications</para></listitem> | ||
55 | </itemizedlist> | ||
56 | </para> | ||
57 | |||
58 | <para> | ||
59 | The following figure summarizes these four areas. | ||
60 | Within each rectangular that represents a data structure, a | ||
61 | host development directory pathname appears at the | ||
62 | lower left-hand corner of the box. | ||
63 | These pathnames are the locations used in this example. | ||
64 | The figure also provides key statements and commands used during the kernel | ||
65 | modification process: | ||
66 | </para> | ||
67 | |||
68 | <para> | ||
69 | <imagedata fileref="figures/kernel-example-repos-generic.png" width="7in" depth="5in" | ||
70 | align="center" scale="100" /> | ||
71 | </para> | ||
72 | |||
73 | <para> | ||
74 | Here is a brief description of the four areas: | ||
75 | <itemizedlist> | ||
76 | <listitem><para><emphasis>Local Source Directory:</emphasis> | ||
77 | This area contains all the metadata that supports building images | ||
78 | using the OpenEmbedded build system. | ||
79 | In this example, the | ||
80 | <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link> also | ||
81 | contains the | ||
82 | <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>, | ||
83 | which contains the configuration directory | ||
84 | that lets you control the build. | ||
85 | Also in this example, the Source Directory contains local copies of the | ||
86 | <filename>poky-extras</filename> Git repository.</para> | ||
87 | <para>See the bulleted item | ||
88 | "<link linkend='local-yp-release'>Yocto Project Release</link>" | ||
89 | for information on how to get these files on your local system.</para></listitem> | ||
90 | <listitem><para><emphasis>Local copies of the <filename>poky-extras</filename> Git Repository:</emphasis> | ||
91 | This area contains the <filename>meta-kernel-dev</filename> layer, | ||
92 | which is where you make changes that append the kernel build recipes. | ||
93 | You edit <filename>.bbappend</filename> files to locate your | ||
94 | local kernel source files and to identify the kernel being built. | ||
95 | This Git repository is a gathering place for extensions to the Yocto Project | ||
96 | (or really any) kernel recipes that faciliate the creation and development | ||
97 | of kernel features, BSPs or configurations.</para> | ||
98 | <para>See the bulleted item | ||
99 | "<link linkend='poky-extras-repo'>The | ||
100 | <filename>poky-extras</filename> Git Repository</link>" | ||
101 | for information on how to get these files.</para></listitem> | ||
102 | <listitem><para><emphasis>Bare Clone of the Yocto Project kernel:</emphasis> | ||
103 | This bare Git repository tracks the upstream Git repository of the Linux | ||
104 | Yocto kernel source code you are changing. | ||
105 | When you modify the kernel you must work through a bare clone. | ||
106 | All source code changes you make to the kernel must be committed and | ||
107 | pushed to the bare clone using Git commands. | ||
108 | As mentioned, the <filename>.bbappend</filename> file in the | ||
109 | <filename>poky-extras</filename> repository points to the bare clone | ||
110 | so that the build process can locate the locally changed source files.</para> | ||
111 | <para>See the bulleted item | ||
112 | "<link linkend='local-kernel-files'>Yocto Project Kernel</link>" | ||
113 | for information on how to set up the bare clone. | ||
114 | </para></listitem> | ||
115 | <listitem><para><emphasis>Copy of the Yocto Project Kernel Bare Clone:</emphasis> | ||
116 | This Git repository contains the actual source files that you modify. | ||
117 | Any changes you make to files in this location need to ultimately be pushed | ||
118 | to the bare clone using the <filename>git push</filename> command.</para> | ||
119 | <para>See the bulleted item | ||
120 | "<link linkend='local-kernel-files'>Yocto Project Kernel</link>" | ||
121 | for information on how to set up the bare clone. | ||
122 | <note>Typically, Git workflows follow a scheme where changes made to a local area | ||
123 | are pulled into a Git repository. | ||
124 | However, because the <filename>git pull</filename> command does not work | ||
125 | with bare clones, this workflow pushes changes to the | ||
126 | repository even though you could use other more complicated methods to | ||
127 | get changes into the bare clone.</note> | ||
128 | </para></listitem> | ||
129 | </itemizedlist> | ||
130 | </para> | ||
131 | </section> | ||
132 | |||
133 | <section id='setting-up-the-local-yocto-project-files-git-repository'> | ||
134 | <title>Setting Up the Local Source Directory</title> | ||
135 | |||
136 | <para> | ||
137 | You can set up the | ||
138 | <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link> | ||
139 | through tarball extraction or by | ||
140 | cloning the <filename>poky</filename> Git repository. | ||
141 | This example uses <filename>poky</filename> as the root directory of the | ||
142 | local Source Directory. | ||
143 | See the bulleted item | ||
144 | "<link linkend='local-yp-release'>Yocto Project Release</link>" | ||
145 | for information on how to get these files. | ||
146 | </para> | ||
147 | |||
148 | <para> | ||
149 | Once you have Source Directory set up, | ||
150 | you have many development branches from which you can work. | ||
151 | From inside the local repository you can see the branch names and the tag names used | ||
152 | in the upstream Git repository by using either of the following commands: | ||
153 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
154 | $ cd poky | ||
155 | $ git branch -a | ||
156 | $ git tag -l | ||
157 | </literallayout> | ||
158 | This example uses the Yocto Project &DISTRO; Release code named "&DISTRO_NAME;", | ||
159 | which maps to the <filename>&DISTRO_NAME;</filename> branch in the repository. | ||
160 | The following commands create and checkout the local <filename>&DISTRO_NAME;</filename> | ||
161 | branch: | ||
162 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
163 | $ git checkout -b &DISTRO_NAME; origin/&DISTRO_NAME; | ||
164 | Branch &DISTRO_NAME; set up to track remote branch &DISTRO_NAME; from origin. | ||
165 | Switched to a new branch '&DISTRO_NAME;' | ||
166 | </literallayout> | ||
167 | </para> | ||
168 | </section> | ||
169 | |||
170 | <section id='setting-up-the-poky-extras-git-repository'> | ||
171 | <title>Setting Up the Local poky-extras Git Repository</title> | ||
172 | |||
173 | <para> | ||
174 | This example creates a local copy of the <filename>poky-extras</filename> Git | ||
175 | repository inside the <filename>poky</filename> Source Directory. | ||
176 | See the bulleted item "<link linkend='poky-extras-repo'>The | ||
177 | <filename>poky-extras</filename> Git Repository</link>" | ||
178 | for information on how to set up a local copy of the | ||
179 | <filename>poky-extras</filename> repository. | ||
180 | </para> | ||
181 | |||
182 | <para> | ||
183 | Because this example uses the Yocto Project &DISTRO; Release code | ||
184 | named "&DISTRO_NAME;", which maps to the <filename>&DISTRO_NAME;</filename> | ||
185 | branch in the repository, you need to be sure you are using that | ||
186 | branch for <filename>poky-extras</filename>. | ||
187 | The following commands create and checkout the local | ||
188 | branch you are using for the <filename>&DISTRO_NAME;</filename> | ||
189 | branch: | ||
190 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
191 | $ cd ~/poky/poky-extras | ||
192 | $ git checkout -b &DISTRO_NAME; origin/&DISTRO_NAME; | ||
193 | Branch &DISTRO_NAME; set up to track remote branch &DISTRO_NAME; from origin. | ||
194 | Switched to a new branch '&DISTRO_NAME;' | ||
195 | </literallayout> | ||
196 | </para> | ||
197 | </section> | ||
198 | |||
199 | <section id='setting-up-the-bare-clone-and-its-copy'> | ||
200 | <title>Setting Up the Bare Clone and its Copy</title> | ||
201 | |||
202 | <para> | ||
203 | This example modifies the <filename>linux-yocto-3.4</filename> kernel. | ||
204 | Thus, you need to create a bare clone of that kernel and then make a copy of the | ||
205 | bare clone. | ||
206 | See the bulleted item | ||
207 | "<link linkend='local-kernel-files'>Yocto Project Kernel</link>" | ||
208 | for information on how to do that. | ||
209 | </para> | ||
210 | |||
211 | <para> | ||
212 | The bare clone exists for the kernel build tools and simply as the receiving end | ||
213 | of <filename>git push</filename> | ||
214 | commands after you make edits and commits inside the copy of the clone. | ||
215 | The copy (<filename>my-linux-yocto-3.4-work</filename> in this example) has to have | ||
216 | a local branch created and checked out for your work. | ||
217 | This example uses <filename>common-pc-base</filename> as the local branch. | ||
218 | The following commands create and checkout the branch: | ||
219 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
220 | $ cd ~/my-linux-yocto-3.4-work | ||
221 | $ git checkout -b standard-common-pc-base origin/standard/common-pc/base | ||
222 | Branch standard-common-pc-base set up to track remote branch | ||
223 | standard/common-pc/base from origin. | ||
224 | Switched to a new branch 'standard-common-pc-base' | ||
225 | </literallayout> | ||
226 | </para> | ||
227 | </section> | ||
228 | |||
229 | <section id='building-and-booting-the-default-qemu-kernel-image'> | ||
230 | <title>Building and Booting the Default QEMU Kernel Image</title> | ||
231 | |||
232 | <para> | ||
233 | Before we make changes to the kernel source files, this example first builds the | ||
234 | default image and then boots it inside the QEMU emulator. | ||
235 | <note> | ||
236 | Because a full build can take hours, you should check two variables in the | ||
237 | <filename>build</filename> directory that is created after you source the | ||
238 | <filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename> script. | ||
239 | You can find these variables | ||
240 | <filename>BB_NUMBER_THREADS</filename> and <filename>PARALLEL_MAKE</filename> | ||
241 | in the <filename>build/conf</filename> directory in the | ||
242 | <filename>local.conf</filename> configuration file. | ||
243 | By default, these variables are commented out. | ||
244 | If your host development system supports multi-core and multi-thread capabilities, | ||
245 | you can uncomment these statements and set the variables to significantly shorten | ||
246 | the full build time. | ||
247 | As a guideline, set both <filename>BB_NUMBER_THREADS</filename> and | ||
248 | <filename>PARALLEL_MAKE</filename> to twice the number | ||
249 | of cores your machine supports. | ||
250 | </note> | ||
251 | The following two commands <filename>source</filename> the build environment setup script | ||
252 | and build the default <filename>qemux86</filename> image. | ||
253 | If necessary, the script creates the build directory: | ||
254 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
255 | $ cd ~/poky | ||
256 | $ source &OE_INIT_FILE; | ||
257 | You had no conf/local.conf file. This configuration file has therefore been | ||
258 | created for you with some default values. You may wish to edit it to use a | ||
259 | different MACHINE (target hardware) or enable parallel build options to take | ||
260 | advantage of multiple cores for example. See the file for more information as | ||
261 | common configuration options are commented. | ||
262 | |||
263 | The Yocto Project has extensive documentation about OE including a reference manual | ||
264 | which can be found at: | ||
265 | http://yoctoproject.org/documentation | ||
266 | |||
267 | For more information about OpenEmbedded see their website: | ||
268 | http://www.openembedded.org/ | ||
269 | |||
270 | You had no conf/bblayers.conf file. The configuration file has been created for | ||
271 | you with some default values. To add additional metadata layers into your | ||
272 | configuration please add entries to this file. | ||
273 | |||
274 | The Yocto Project has extensive documentation about OE including a reference manual | ||
275 | which can be found at: | ||
276 | http://yoctoproject.org/documentation | ||
277 | |||
278 | For more information about OpenEmbedded see their website: | ||
279 | http://www.openembedded.org/ | ||
280 | |||
281 | |||
282 | |||
283 | ### Shell environment set up for builds. ### | ||
284 | |||
285 | You can now run 'bitbake <target>>' | ||
286 | |||
287 | Common targets are: | ||
288 | core-image-minimal | ||
289 | core-image-sato | ||
290 | meta-toolchain | ||
291 | meta-toolchain-sdk | ||
292 | adt-installer | ||
293 | meta-ide-support | ||
294 | |||
295 | You can also run generated qemu images with a command like 'runqemu qemux86' | ||
296 | </literallayout> | ||
297 | </para> | ||
298 | |||
299 | <para> | ||
300 | The following <filename>bitbake</filename> command starts the build: | ||
301 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
302 | $ bitbake -k core-image-minimal | ||
303 | </literallayout> | ||
304 | <note>Be sure to check the settings in the <filename>local.conf</filename> | ||
305 | before starting the build.</note> | ||
306 | </para> | ||
307 | |||
308 | <para> | ||
309 | After the build completes, you can start the QEMU emulator using the resulting image | ||
310 | <filename>qemux86</filename> as follows: | ||
311 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
312 | $ runqemu qemux86 | ||
313 | </literallayout> | ||
314 | </para> | ||
315 | |||
316 | <para> | ||
317 | As the image boots in the emulator, console message and status output appears | ||
318 | across the terminal window. | ||
319 | Because the output scrolls by quickly, it is difficult to read. | ||
320 | To examine the output, you log into the system using the | ||
321 | login <filename>root</filename> with no password. | ||
322 | Once you are logged in, issue the following command to scroll through the | ||
323 | console output: | ||
324 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
325 | # dmesg | less | ||
326 | </literallayout> | ||
327 | </para> | ||
328 | |||
329 | <para> | ||
330 | Take note of the output as you will want to look for your inserted print command output | ||
331 | later in the example. | ||
332 | </para> | ||
333 | </section> | ||
334 | |||
335 | <section id='changing-the-source-code-and-pushing-it-to-the-bare-clone'> | ||
336 | <title>Changing the Source Code and Pushing it to the Bare Clone</title> | ||
337 | |||
338 | <para> | ||
339 | The file you change in this example is named <filename>calibrate.c</filename> | ||
340 | and is located in the <filename>my-linux-yocto-3.4-work</filename> Git repository | ||
341 | (the copy of the bare clone) in <filename>init</filename>. | ||
342 | This example simply inserts several <filename>printk</filename> statements | ||
343 | at the beginning of the <filename>calibrate_delay</filename> function. | ||
344 | </para> | ||
345 | |||
346 | <para> | ||
347 | Here is the unaltered code at the start of this function: | ||
348 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
349 | void __cpuinit calibrate_delay(void) | ||
350 | { | ||
351 | unsigned long lpj; | ||
352 | static bool printed; | ||
353 | int this_cpu = smp_processor_id(); | ||
354 | |||
355 | if (per_cpu(cpu_loops_per_jiffy, this_cpu)) { | ||
356 | . | ||
357 | . | ||
358 | . | ||
359 | </literallayout> | ||
360 | </para> | ||
361 | |||
362 | <para> | ||
363 | Here is the altered code showing five new <filename>printk</filename> statements | ||
364 | near the top of the function: | ||
365 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
366 | void __cpuinit calibrate_delay(void) | ||
367 | { | ||
368 | unsigned long lpj; | ||
369 | static bool printed; | ||
370 | int this_cpu = smp_processor_id(); | ||
371 | |||
372 | printk("*************************************\n"); | ||
373 | printk("* *\n"); | ||
374 | printk("* HELLO YOCTO KERNEL *\n"); | ||
375 | printk("* *\n"); | ||
376 | printk("*************************************\n"); | ||
377 | |||
378 | if (per_cpu(cpu_loops_per_jiffy, this_cpu)) { | ||
379 | . | ||
380 | . | ||
381 | . | ||
382 | </literallayout> | ||
383 | </para> | ||
384 | |||
385 | <para> | ||
386 | After making and saving your changes, you need to stage them for the push. | ||
387 | The following Git commands are one method of staging and committing your changes: | ||
388 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
389 | $ git add calibrate.c | ||
390 | $ git commit --signoff | ||
391 | </literallayout> | ||
392 | </para> | ||
393 | |||
394 | <para> | ||
395 | Once the source code has been modified, you need to use Git to push the changes to | ||
396 | the bare clone. | ||
397 | If you do not push the changes, then the OpenEmbedded build system will not pick | ||
398 | up the changed source files. | ||
399 | </para> | ||
400 | |||
401 | <para> | ||
402 | The following command pushes the changes to the bare clone: | ||
403 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
404 | $ git push origin standard-common-pc-base:standard/default/common-pc/base | ||
405 | </literallayout> | ||
406 | </para> | ||
407 | </section> | ||
408 | |||
409 | <section id='changing-build-parameters-for-your-build'> | ||
410 | <title>Changing Build Parameters for Your Build</title> | ||
411 | |||
412 | <para> | ||
413 | At this point, the source has been changed and pushed. | ||
414 | The example now defines some variables used by the OpenEmbedded build system | ||
415 | to locate your kernel source. | ||
416 | You essentially need to identify where to find the kernel recipe and the changed source code. | ||
417 | You also need to be sure some basic configurations are in place that identify the | ||
418 | type of machine you are building and to help speed up the build should your host support | ||
419 | multiple-core and thread capabilities. | ||
420 | </para> | ||
421 | |||
422 | <para> | ||
423 | Do the following to make sure the build parameters are set up for the example. | ||
424 | Once you set up these build parameters, they do not have to change unless you | ||
425 | change the target architecture of the machine you are building or you move | ||
426 | the bare clone, copy of the clone, or the <filename>poky-extras</filename> repository: | ||
427 | <itemizedlist> | ||
428 | <listitem><para><emphasis>Build for the Correct Target Architecture:</emphasis> The | ||
429 | <filename>local.conf</filename> file in the build directory defines the build's | ||
430 | target architecture. | ||
431 | By default, <filename>MACHINE</filename> is set to | ||
432 | <filename>qemux86</filename>, which specifies a 32-bit | ||
433 | <trademark class='registered'>Intel</trademark> Architecture | ||
434 | target machine suitable for the QEMU emulator. | ||
435 | In this example, <filename>MACHINE</filename> is correctly configured. | ||
436 | </para></listitem> | ||
437 | <listitem><para><emphasis>Optimize Build Time:</emphasis> Also in the | ||
438 | <filename>local.conf</filename> file are two variables that can speed your | ||
439 | build time if your host supports multi-core and multi-thread capabilities: | ||
440 | <filename>BB_NUMBER_THREADS</filename> and <filename>PARALLEL_MAKE</filename>. | ||
441 | If the host system has multiple cores then you can optimize build time | ||
442 | by setting both these variables to twice the number of | ||
443 | cores.</para></listitem> | ||
444 | <listitem><para><emphasis>Identify Your <filename>meta-kernel-dev</filename> | ||
445 | Layer:</emphasis> The <filename>BBLAYERS</filename> variable in the | ||
446 | <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> file found in the | ||
447 | <filename>poky/build/conf</filename> directory needs to have the path to your local | ||
448 | <filename>meta-kernel-dev</filename> layer. | ||
449 | By default, the <filename>BBLAYERS</filename> variable contains paths to | ||
450 | <filename>meta</filename> and <filename>meta-yocto</filename> in the | ||
451 | <filename>poky</filename> Git repository. | ||
452 | Add the path to your <filename>meta-kernel-dev</filename> location. | ||
453 | Be sure to substitute your user information in the statement. | ||
454 | Here is an example: | ||
455 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
456 | BBLAYERS = " \ | ||
457 | /home/scottrif/poky/meta \ | ||
458 | /home/scottrif/poky/meta-yocto \ | ||
459 | /home/scottrif/poky/meta-yocto-bsp \ | ||
460 | /home/scottrif/poky/poky-extras/meta-kernel-dev \ | ||
461 | " | ||
462 | </literallayout></para></listitem> | ||
463 | <listitem><para><emphasis>Identify Your Source Files:</emphasis> In the | ||
464 | <filename>linux-yocto_3.4.bbappend</filename> file located in the | ||
465 | <filename>poky-extras/meta-kernel-dev/recipes-kernel/linux</filename> | ||
466 | directory, you need to identify the location of the | ||
467 | local source code, which in this example is the bare clone named | ||
468 | <filename>linux-yocto-3.4.git</filename>. | ||
469 | To do this, set the <filename>KSRC_linux_yocto</filename> variable to point to your | ||
470 | local <filename>linux-yocto-3.4.git</filename> Git repository by adding the | ||
471 | following statement. | ||
472 | Also, be sure the <filename>SRC_URI</filename> variable is pointing to | ||
473 | your kernel source files by removing the comment. | ||
474 | Finally, be sure to substitute your user information in the statement: | ||
475 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
476 | KSRC_linux_yocto_3_4 ?= "/home/scottrif/linux-yocto-3.4.git" | ||
477 | SRC_URI = "git://${KSRC_linux_yocto_3_4};protocol=file;nocheckout=1;branch=${KBRANCH},meta;name=machine,meta" | ||
478 | </literallayout></para></listitem> | ||
479 | </itemizedlist> | ||
480 | </para> | ||
481 | |||
482 | <note> | ||
483 | <para>Before attempting to build the modified kernel, there is one more set of changes you | ||
484 | need to make in the <filename>meta-kernel-dev</filename> layer. | ||
485 | Because all the kernel <filename>.bbappend</filename> files are parsed during the | ||
486 | build process regardless of whether you are using them or not, you should either | ||
487 | comment out the <filename>COMPATIBLE_MACHINE</filename> statements in all | ||
488 | unused <filename>.bbappend</filename> files, or simply remove (or rename) all the files | ||
489 | except the one your are using for the build | ||
490 | (i.e. <filename>linux-yocto_3.4.bbappend</filename> in this example).</para> | ||
491 | <para>If you do not make one of these two adjustments, your machine will be compatible | ||
492 | with all the kernel recipes in the <filename>meta-kernel-dev</filename> layer. | ||
493 | When your machine is comapatible with all the kernel recipes, the build attempts | ||
494 | to build all kernels in the layer. | ||
495 | You could end up with build errors blocking your work.</para> | ||
496 | </note> | ||
497 | </section> | ||
498 | |||
499 | <section id='building-and-booting-the-modified-qemu-kernel-image'> | ||
500 | <title>Building and Booting the Modified QEMU Kernel Image</title> | ||
501 | |||
502 | <para> | ||
503 | Next, you need to build the modified image. | ||
504 | Do the following: | ||
505 | <orderedlist> | ||
506 | <listitem><para>Your environment should be set up since you previously sourced | ||
507 | the <filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename> script. | ||
508 | If it isn't, source the script again from <filename>poky</filename>. | ||
509 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
510 | $ cd ~/poky | ||
511 | $ source &OE_INIT_FILE; | ||
512 | </literallayout> | ||
513 | </para></listitem> | ||
514 | <listitem><para>Be sure old images are cleaned out by running the | ||
515 | <filename>cleanall</filename> BitBake task as follows from your build directory: | ||
516 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
517 | $ bitbake -c cleanall linux-yocto | ||
518 | </literallayout></para> | ||
519 | <para><note>Never remove any files by hand from the <filename>tmp/deploy</filename> | ||
520 | directory insided the build directory. | ||
521 | Always use the BitBake <filename>cleanall</filename> task to clear | ||
522 | out previous builds.</note></para></listitem> | ||
523 | <listitem><para>Next, build the kernel image using this command: | ||
524 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
525 | $ bitbake -k core-image-minimal | ||
526 | </literallayout></para></listitem> | ||
527 | <listitem><para>Finally, boot the modified image in the QEMU emulator | ||
528 | using this command: | ||
529 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
530 | $ runqemu qemux86 | ||
531 | </literallayout></para></listitem> | ||
532 | </orderedlist> | ||
533 | </para> | ||
534 | |||
535 | <para> | ||
536 | Log into the machine using <filename>root</filename> with no password and then | ||
537 | use the following shell command to scroll through the console's boot output. | ||
538 | <literallayout class='monospaced'> | ||
539 | # dmesg | less | ||
540 | </literallayout> | ||
541 | </para> | ||
542 | |||
543 | <para> | ||
544 | You should see the results of your <filename>printk</filename> statements | ||
545 | as part of the output. | ||
546 | </para> | ||
547 | </section> | ||
548 | </section> | ||
549 | </appendix> | ||
550 | |||
551 | <!-- | ||
552 | vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4 | ||
553 | --> | ||
diff --git a/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-model.xml b/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-model.xml index 844e0dc851..c96b2dda63 100644 --- a/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-model.xml +++ b/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-model.xml | |||
@@ -13,9 +13,6 @@ | |||
13 | <listitem><para><emphasis>System Development:</emphasis> | 13 | <listitem><para><emphasis>System Development:</emphasis> |
14 | System Development covers Board Support Package (BSP) development and kernel | 14 | System Development covers Board Support Package (BSP) development and kernel |
15 | modification or configuration. | 15 | modification or configuration. |
16 | If you want to examine a specific example of the kernel modification and | ||
17 | configuration model, | ||
18 | see the "<link linkend='dev-manual-kernel-appendix'>Kernel Modification Example</link>" appendix. | ||
19 | For an example on how to create a BSP, see the | 16 | For an example on how to create a BSP, see the |
20 | "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#creating-a-new-bsp-layer-using-the-yocto-bsp-script'>Creating a New BSP Layer Using the yocto-bsp Script</ulink>" | 17 | "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#creating-a-new-bsp-layer-using-the-yocto-bsp-script'>Creating a New BSP Layer Using the yocto-bsp Script</ulink>" |
21 | section in the Yocto Project Board Support Package (BSP) Developer's Guide. | 18 | section in the Yocto Project Board Support Package (BSP) Developer's Guide. |
@@ -234,9 +231,11 @@ | |||
234 | kernel architecture and the steps to modify the kernel. | 231 | kernel architecture and the steps to modify the kernel. |
235 | For a complete discussion of the kernel, see the | 232 | For a complete discussion of the kernel, see the |
236 | <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_URL;'>Yocto Project Kernel Architecture and Use Manual</ulink>. | 233 | <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_URL;'>Yocto Project Kernel Architecture and Use Manual</ulink>. |
237 | You can reference the appendix | 234 | You can reference the |
238 | "<link linkend='dev-manual-kernel-appendix'>Kernel Modification Example</link>" | 235 | "<link linkend='patching-the-kernel'>Patching the Kernel</link>" section |
239 | for a detailed example that changes the configuration of a kernel. | 236 | for an example that changes the source code of the kernel. |
237 | For information on how to configure the kernel, see the | ||
238 | "<link linkend='configuring-the-kernel'>Configuring the Kernel</link> section. | ||
240 | </para> | 239 | </para> |
241 | 240 | ||
242 | <section id='kernel-overview'> | 241 | <section id='kernel-overview'> |
@@ -364,8 +363,8 @@ | |||
364 | you work. | 363 | you work. |
365 | Once you make corrections, you must use Git to push the committed changes to the | 364 | Once you make corrections, you must use Git to push the committed changes to the |
366 | bare clone. | 365 | bare clone. |
367 | The example in <xref linkend='modifying-the-kernel-source-code'> | 366 | <!-- The example in <xref linkend='modifying-the-kernel-source-code'> |
368 | Modifying the Kernel Source Code</xref> provides a detailed example. | 367 | Modifying the Kernel Source Code</xref> provides a detailed example. --> |
369 | </para> | 368 | </para> |
370 | 369 | ||
371 | <para> | 370 | <para> |
@@ -394,7 +393,7 @@ | |||
394 | branching strategy, see the | 393 | branching strategy, see the |
395 | <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_URL;'>Yocto Project Kernel Architecture and Use Manual</ulink>. | 394 | <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_URL;'>Yocto Project Kernel Architecture and Use Manual</ulink>. |
396 | You can also reference the | 395 | You can also reference the |
397 | "<link linkend='modifying-the-kernel-source-code'>Modifying the Kernel Source Code</link>" | 396 | "<link linkend='patching-the-kernel'>Patching the Kernel</link>" |
398 | section for a detailed example that modifies the kernel. | 397 | section for a detailed example that modifies the kernel. |
399 | </para> | 398 | </para> |
400 | </section> | 399 | </section> |
@@ -602,8 +601,8 @@ | |||
602 | If your target architecture is similar to a supported architecture, you can | 601 | If your target architecture is similar to a supported architecture, you can |
603 | modify the kernel image before you build it. | 602 | modify the kernel image before you build it. |
604 | See the | 603 | See the |
605 | "<link linkend='dev-manual-kernel-appendix'>Kernel Modification Example</link>" | 604 | "<link linkend='patching-the-kernel'>Patching the Kernel</link>" |
606 | appendix later in this manual for an example.</para></listitem> | 605 | section for an example.</para></listitem> |
607 | </itemizedlist></para> | 606 | </itemizedlist></para> |
608 | <para>For information on pre-built kernel image naming schemes for images | 607 | <para>For information on pre-built kernel image naming schemes for images |
609 | that can run on the QEMU emulator, see the | 608 | that can run on the QEMU emulator, see the |
diff --git a/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual.xml b/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual.xml index a5856e0995..eff0dce1f0 100644 --- a/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual.xml +++ b/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual.xml | |||
@@ -80,8 +80,6 @@ | |||
80 | 80 | ||
81 | <xi:include href="dev-manual-model.xml"/> | 81 | <xi:include href="dev-manual-model.xml"/> |
82 | 82 | ||
83 | <xi:include href="dev-manual-kernel-appendix.xml"/> | ||
84 | |||
85 | </book> | 83 | </book> |
86 | <!-- | 84 | <!-- |
87 | vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4 | 85 | vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4 |